scholarly journals What is this absence called transparency?

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Paul Sturges
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
The Other ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Transparent Medium ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Accurate Definition ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Definition Of

Campaigners against corruption advocate transparency as a fundamental condition for its prevention. Trans-parency in itself is not the most important thing: it is the accountability that it makes possible. Transparency itself is, in fact, a metaphor based on the ability of light to pass through a solid, but transparent, medium and reveal what is on the other side. In practice it allows the revelation of what otherwise might have been concealed, and it is applied in a social context to the revelation of human activity in which there is a valid public interest. It can be applied to all of those who hold power and responsibility, whether that is political or economic. More accurate definition of the term, including distinctions between open governance, procedural transparency, radical transparency, and systemic or total transparency is important. Various ways in which an observer can make use of transparency to scrutinise the activity of others, including freedom of information laws, accounting and audit systems, and the protection of public interest disclosure (whistleblowing) also need to be distinguished from each other.

Definition of Hysteria [Définition de l'hystérie]. (Rev. de l'hyp., Jan., 1902.) Babinski

1902 ◽  
Vol 48 (202) ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
H. J. Macevoy
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Definition ◽  
Nervous Affection ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Divergence Of Opinion ◽  
Accurate Definition ◽  
Great Divergence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

In spite of the large number of works dealing with the subject of hysteria, there is a great divergence of opinion concerning the nature of this neurosis. Babinski attributes this to the lack of a good definition. In the search for some characters which are common to all hysterical manifestations, and yet confined to hysteria, he draws special attention to these: the possibility of their being reproduced by suggestion with exactness in certain subjects, and that of their disappearance through the exclusive influence of persuasion. The word suggestion here used itself needs accurate definition. It must imply that the idea which one tries to insinuate to the hysterical patient is unreasonable, and should not be used in the sense of being synonymous with persuasion. The typical manifestations of hysteria major, the varieties of paralyses, contractures, anæsthesias, etc., are all of this kind; they can be exactly created by experimental suggestion. In addition they are all susceptible of disappearing under the exclusive influence of persuasion. On the other hand, the latter characteristic is not met with in other conditions. There is not another nervous affection, well defined and outside the limits of hysteria, which psychotherapy alone will cure; it may be of use, but not all-sufficient; the proof is that in cases of this kind persuasion does not lead to an immediate cure. The above relates to what Babinski calls primitive symptoms, which may occur without being preceded by other manifestations of hysteria. But he holds it legitimate to call also hysterical those disorders which, without exhibiting the characters of primitive symptoms, are yet closely allied to, and subordinate to them; but one must add to these the epithet secondary. The muscular atrophy of hysteria is a type of this kind. The definition proposed is—Hysteria is a psychical condition which renders the subject of it prone to auto-suggestion; it manifests itself principally by primitive symptoms and accessorily by certain secondary symptoms. That which characterises the primary symptoms is that it is possible to reproduce them in certain subjects by suggestion with rigorous exactitude, and to cause them to disappear by the exclusive influence of persuasion. That which characterises secondary symptoms is that they are closely subordinate to the primary symptoms.

scholarly journals The Freudian Thing and the Ethics of Speech

Konturen ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Human Experience ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mirror Stage ◽  
Scientific Psychology ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Definition Of

In his 1891 On Aphasia Freud defines the “thing” in the terms of J.S. Mill’s empiricist phenomenology as a set of sensory impressions that is linked both to language and to immediate sensory experience. These distinctions structure the Project for a Scientific Psychology and reappear in “The Unconscious,” where Freud writes that the unconscious is a scene of experience that is linked to, but continues to insist in excess of, language. While Lacan opposes das Ding to Freud’s definition, in “The Unconscious,” of the “unconscious Vorstellungen” as “the presentation of the thing alone,” this essay argues that Freud’s definition of the unconscious points to a scene of experience disorganized by language, that is censored by the passage through the mirror stage, and about which the Other knows nothing. The essay ends by looking at several texts by Tito Mukhopadhyay, who is autistic. Mukhopadhyay describes his autism in terms of a decision to not pass through the mirror stage, which left him exposed to a scene of experience disorganized by the desire carried on the Other’s voice. In his eventual decision to enter into language and write of his experience, Mukhopadhyay’s writings locate an ethics of speech that, rather than censor the unconscious presentation of the thing by linking it to a prohibited Oedipal object, makes a space within the discourse of the Other for a universal dimension of human experience.

Investigate the Method on Measurement Transparence of Tissue Engineered Cornea

2014 ◽  
Vol 490-491 ◽  
pp. 1489-1492
Author(s):  
Meng Tao ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Wen Kang Li ◽  
Ai Ai Huang ◽  
Zhi Cheng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Energy Flow ◽  
Time Measurement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Real Time Measurement ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Definition Of

With the development of construction tissue engineered cornea by using biomaterials and seed cells,how to measurement transparence of tissue engineered cornea need to be solved. Purpose of the paper is bringing forward a new method to measurement transparence of tissue engineered cornea. According to the definition of corneal transparence, a beam of light is divided into equal two beams of light by spectroscope. In which a beam of light pass through cornea. Ratio of light energy flow that light passed cornea and the other one is calculated. The usual optical and measuring instruments were used, such as sensors for illumination and Data acquisition (DAQ) card. The real-time measuring device for corneal transparence is designed and implemented. The method and device are effective to real-time measurement of tissue engineered cornea transparence through the elements analysis and experiment.

scholarly journals Tipificando o terrorismo no Congresso brasileiro: os projetos de lei e literatura acadêmica/Typifying terrorism in the Brazilian Congress: the bills and academic literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-134
Author(s):  
Guilherme Frizzera ◽  
José Maria de Souza Junior
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Legislative Power ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

O presente estudo se debruça sobre a temática da tipificação de terrorismo no poder legislativo brasileiro. O assunto envolve certa complexidade à medida não há consenso sobre a definição do próprio termo. Portanto, o artigo resgata algumas definições da academia acerca do que vem a ser terrorismo, ressaltando dois aspectos importantes: por um lado, é necessário que haja uma definição para que os agentes de segurança possam enquadrar práticas terroristas como crime; por outro, a atribuição de terrorismo se faz pejorativa, uma vez que um grupo pode designar outro grupo ou uma prática como terrorista ou não dependendo de interesses políticos e da rivalidade de grupos existente em um contexto político-social. A partir dos conceitos da academia e de organizações que tem o terrorismo como preocupação pertinente, pode-se considerar que duas dimensões operam na tarefa de defini-lo: as motivações subjetivas das ações e os métodos pelo qual tais ações são conduzidas. Tomando como metodologia a análise das definições sobre terrorismo e análise documental dos projetos de lei no legislativo brasileiro sobre o tema e, posteriormente, a comparação entre os dois tipos de análise conclui-se que o projeto que provavelmente vá para votação no Congresso deixa de lado a dimensão da motivação subjetiva para definir práticas terroristas e considera apenas a metodologia do ato como critério para definir terrorismo.  Palavras-Chaves: Terrorismo; Brasil; Tipificação; Projeto de Lei  Abstract: This research focuses on the typification of terrorism in the legislative power in Brazil. The issue involves complexity for there is no consensus about the definition of the term itself. Therefore, the article brings some academic definitions regarding what terrorism really is. These definitions highlight two aspects: on the one hand, it is necessary to have a definition for the security agents to consider the practices as a type of crime and punish them; on the other hand, the attribution of the term to a group or act is pejorative, once one group might call another group or a practice terrorist or terrorism depending on political interests and on group rivalry in a political and social context. From the concepts developed in the academy and in groups which have the terrorism as a preoccupation, it is possible to consider two dimensions that operate in the task of defining it: the subjective motivations of the actions and the methods in which such actions are performed. Having as methodology the analysis of the definitions on terrorism, the documentary analysis of the bills of Law in the Brazilian legislative on the same issue and the comparison between the two source of analysis, the conclusion is that the probable Bill which is to be approved excludes the subjective motivation dimension to define terrorist practices and considers only the method of the act as criterion to define terrorism.Key Words: Terrorism; Brazil; typing, Bill.  DOI: 10.20424/2237-7743/bjir.v4n1p111-134

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Resolution and measurement in the scanning electron microscope

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 534-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Postek
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Instrument Resolution ◽  
Accurate Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Better Than

The term ultimate resolution or resolving power is the very best performance that can be obtained from a scanning electron microscope (SEM) given the optimum instrumental conditions and sample. However, as it relates to SEM users, the conventional definitions of this figure are ambiguous. The numbers quoted for the resolution of an instrument are not only theoretically derived, but are also verified through the direct measurement of images on micrographs. However, the samples commonly used for this purpose are specifically optimized for the measurement of instrument resolution and are most often not typical of the sample used in practical applications.SEM RESOLUTION. Some instruments resolve better than others either due to engineering design or other reasons. There is no definitively accurate definition of how to quantify instrument resolution and its measurement in the SEM.

Problems of Marriage and Self Surrender in The Novels of Shashi Deshpande

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Dr. Indu Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
The Other ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Female Protagonists ◽  
Central Concern ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
The Family ◽  
Traditional Marriage ◽  
Shashi Deshpande ◽  
Middle Class People

Marriage is an important thing in the life of a woman. The importance that our society attaches to marriage is reflected in our literature and it is the central concern of Shashi Deshpade’s novels. In our society where girl learns early that she is ‘Paraya Dhan’, and she is her parents’ responsibility till the day she is handed over to her rightful owners. What a girl makes of her life, how she shapes herself as an individual, what profession she takes up is not as important as whom she marries. Marriage is the ultimate goal of a woman’s life. This paper attempts to probe into the problems of marriage through the protagonists of her novels where one enjoys the freedom of marriage and the other accepts the traditional marriage. Shashi Deshpade highlights the problems of marriage faced by middle-class people in finding suitable grooms for their daughters. This problem is well-illustrated through the characters of her novels. Since the girl’s mind over her childhood is tuned that she is another’s property, she tries to attach a lot of importance to it. it is indeed a tragedy that even in the modern age, Indian females echo the same sentiment where it was marriage which mattered most of them but not to the men. It is a beginning of females sacrifices in life that marriage brings to her. Shashi Deshpande encourages her female protagonists to rise in rebellion against the males in the family matters, instead she wants to build a harmonious relationship between man and woman in a mood of compromise and reconciliation.  

Feminist Interpretations of Action and the Public in Hannah Arendt’s Theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 87-103
Author(s):  
Noémi Bíró
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Hannah Arendt ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Public Realm ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Feminism ◽  
Definition Of

"Feminist Interpretations of Action and the Public in Hannah Arendt’s Theory. Arendt’s typology of human activity and her arguments on the precondition of politics allow for a variety in interpretations for contemporary political thought. The feminist reception of Arendt’s work ranges from critical to conciliatory readings that attempt to find the points in which Arendt’s theory might inspire a feminist political project. In this paper I explore the ways in which feminist thought has responded to Arendt’s definition of action, freedom and politics, and whether her theoretical framework can be useful in a feminist rethinking of politics, power and the public realm. Keywords: Hannah Arendt, political action, the Public, the Social, feminism "

Dasein, personeidad, intersubjetividad y persona-núcleo. El sujeto relacional después de Heidegger, en Zubiri, Apel y Polo. Dasein, Personhood, Inter-subjectivity and Nucleus-Person. The Relational Subject after Heidegger, in Zubiri, Apel and Polo

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Ortiz de Landázuri
Keyword(s):  
Heuristic Strategies ◽  
Accurate Definition ◽  
Being There ◽  
Definition Of

Heidegger, Zubiri, Apel y Polo habrían propuesto una definición más correcta de las respectivas nociones de sujeto relacional humano, a saber: “Dasein” o “ser-ahí”; “personeidad” o “esencia abierta”; “intersubjetividad” o “la llamada por parte de los entes a diversos interlocutores”; y, finalmente, “persona-núcleo” o “agente mediador entre los entes y el ser”. Se pretendía así evitar una vuelta a las paradojas del “sujeto transcendental” en Kant, del “yo absoluto” en Hegel o del “sujeto fenomenológico” en Husserl. Sin embargo en cada caso se siguieron estrategias heurísticas específicamente distintas a la hora de conceptualizar dicho sujeto relacional: Heidegger propuso una superación de la noción de “sujeto fenomenológico” en Husserl; Zubiri, en cambio, defendería una recuperación de la noción de “sujeto fenomenológico” en Husserl; por su parte, Apel propondría una reformulación semióticamente transformada del “Dasein” heideggeriano; finalmente, Polo propondría una reformulación gnoseológica de la noción de “Dasein” heideggeriano.Heidegger, Zubiri, Apel, and Polo have proposed a more accurate definition of the respective notions of human relational subject: “Dasein” or “being-there”; “Personhood” or “open essence”; “inter-subjectivity” or “entities’ appeal to diverse interlocutors”; and, finally, “nucleus-person” or “mediator between entities and being”. The aim is to avoid a return to Kant’s transcendental subject paradoxes and Hegel’s “absolute I” or Husserl´s “fenomenological subject”. But in each case specifically different heuristic strategies were followed when conceptualizing said relational subject: Heidegger proposed overcoming the notion of “phenomenological subject” in Husserl; Zubiri, however, defend the recovery of the notion of “phenomenological subject” in Husserl; meanwhile, Apel propose a transformed semiotically reformulation of Heidegger’s “Dasein”; finally, Polo propose a reformulation of the epistemological notion of Heidegger’s “Dasein”.

ISLAMIC COINS FROM EASTERN GIZA (EGYPT)

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Goncharov ◽  
◽  
S. E. Malykh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Ancient Rock ◽  
Oriental Studies ◽  
The Middle Ages

The article focuses on the attribution of one gold and two copper coins discovered by the Russian Archaeological Mission of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS in the ancient Egyptian necropolis of Giza. Coins come from mixed fillings of the burial shafts of the Ancient Egyptian rock-cut tombs of the second half of the 3rd millennium B.C. According to the archaeological context, the coins belong to the stages of the destruction of ancient burials that took place during the Middle Ages and Modern times. One of the coins is a Mamluk fals dating back to the first half of the 14th century A.D., the other two belong to the 1830s — the Ottoman period in Egypt, and are attributed as gold a buchuk hayriye and its copper imitation. Coins are rare for the ancient necropolis and are mainly limited to specimens of the 19th–20th centuries. In general, taking into account the numerous finds of other objects — fragments of ceramic, porcelain and glass utensils, metal ware, glass and copper decorations, we can talk about the dynamic nature of human activity in the ancient Egyptian cemetery in the 2nd millennium A.D. Egyptians and European travelers used the ancient rock-cut tombs as permanent habitats or temporary sites, leaving material traces of their stay.

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