scholarly journals Interpreting mediated quantitative data: Insights from information behaviour research

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tami Oliphant
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Changement Climatique ◽  
Information Behaviour ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
Cette Question ◽  
Insight Into

Using climate change as an example, this conceptual paper explores two issues: the difficulties people have in understanding, interpreting, and responding to quantitative data, and the ways in which, if any, information behaviour research might provide insight into this issue. Data related to climate change were selected because they are often mediated by others with divergent vested interests including media, politicians, NGOs, scientists, and government agencies and because people bring a host of cognitive and psychological biases, worldviews, and beliefs to their perceptions of data and information and consequently, climate change.En utilisant le changement climatique comme exemple, cet article conceptuel explore deux questions : les difficultés rencontrées par les personnes pour comprendre, interpréter et répondre aux données quantitatives, et la manière dont, le cas échéant, la recherche sur le comportement informationnel pourrait éclairer cette question. Les données relatives au changement climatique ont été choisies car elles sont souvent véhiculées par des groupes ayant des intérêts divergents, notamment les médias, les politiciens, les ONG, les scientifiques et les agences gouvernementales, et parce que les gens apportent une foule de préjugés cognitifs et psychologiques, de visions du monde et de croyances dans leur perception des données et des informations, et donc du changement climatique.

scholarly journals IPTEKS PERHITUNGAN PAJAK PENGHASILAN (PPh) PASAL 21 UNTUK TAMBAHAN PENGHASILAN PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL DI DINAS TENAGA KERJA KOTA MANADO

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ablessy Mumu ◽  
Anatasya Latulola ◽  
Sintje Rondonuwu
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Additional Income ◽  
Insight Into

In improving the quality and performance of civil servants in government agencies, a rule is made regarding the addition of employee income which is income outside of salary which must be subject to income tax  article 21. This research aims to examine the calculation of income tax article 21 for civil servants civil in Dinas Tenaga Kerja Manado society is in accordance with applicable regulations, also aims to add insight into aspects of taxation, especially in calculating income tax article 21. The method used is representative of the quantitative data obtained from the object of service. While the technique of application is to collect quantitative data in the form of numbers and calculations, then based on these data testing is done in order to convince a theory issued.Keywords : Income tax, Additional income

scholarly journals How Does the Arctic Council Support Conservation of Arctic Biodiversity?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5042
Author(s):  
Tom Barry ◽  
Brynhildur Daviðsdóttir ◽  
Níels Einarsson ◽  
Oran R. Young
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Conflicting Demands ◽  
Agent Of Change ◽  
Insight Into

The Arctic Council is an intergovernmental forum promoting cooperation, coordination and interaction among Arctic states, indigenous communities, and peoples on issues of common importance. The rising geo-political importance of the Arctic and the onset of climate change has resulted in the Council becoming a focus of increasing interest from both inside and beyond the Arctic. This has resulted in new demands placed on the Council, attracting an increasing number of participants, and instigating a period of transformation as Arctic states work to find a way to balance conflicting demands to improve the Council’s effectiveness and take care of national interests. This paper considers whether, during this time of change, the Council is having an impact on the issues it was formed to address, i.e., environmental protection and sustainable development. To provide answers, it looks at how the Council reports on and evaluates progress towards the implementation of recommendations it makes regarding biodiversity, how it identifies where activities have had impacts and uncovers the mechanisms through which they were successful, to provide an insight into how the Arctic Council can be an agent of change.

Oil Companies and Climate Change: Inconsistencies between Strategy Formulation and Implementation?

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingvild Andreassen Sæverud ◽  
Jon Birger Skjærseth
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Strategy Formulation ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Corporate Strategies ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Framework Conditions ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Insight Into

This article examines major oil companies in terms of climate strategies and their implementation. More specifıcally, it takes a critical look at Shell, BP, and ExxonMobil, and the relationship between rhetoric and action regarding investments in climate-friendly activities. Empirical evidence indicates a generally high degree of consistency between what these companies say and what they do, but interesting differences are also found: ExxonMobil has done somewhat more than its climate strategy formulations would suggest; Shell has done somewhat less; whereas BP's activities are mainly in line with its statements. Factors at three levels contribute to explaining these differences: (1) the company level, 2) the political framework conditions in the various regions where the companies operate, 3) international climate cooperation. The fındings and explanations, although restricted to the three oil companies with regard to climate change, provide insight into the relationship between corporate strategies and implementation more generally. They offer understanding and analytical categories for assessing how well and why such multinational entities put into practice stated objectives.

Reframing Climate-Induced Socio-Environmental Conflicts: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesare M Scartozzi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Changement Climatique ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Revisión Sistemática ◽  
Methodological Approaches

Abstract This article draws a comprehensive map of conflict climate change scholarship. It uses visualizations and descriptive statistics to trace the temporal, spatial, and topical evolution of the field of study via a bibliometric analysis of more than six hundred publications. It then proceeds to summarize findings, theoretical explanations, and methodological approaches. Overall, this systematic review shows a remarkable inconsistency of evidence among publications. As a way forward, this article recommends future research to use computational models, informed by a social-ecological perspective, to better explore the link between climate change and conflict. Resumen En este artículo se traza un mapa integral de la erudición conflictiva del cambio climático. Se utilizan visualizaciones y estadísticas descriptivas para rastrear la evolución temporal, espacial y temática del campo de estudio mediante un análisis bibliométrico de más de seiscientas publicaciones. Luego, continúa con un resumen de los hallazgos, las explicaciones teóricas y los enfoques metodológicos. En términos generales, esta revisión sistemática muestra una notable incoherencia de evidencias entre las publicaciones. En este artículo se recomiendan investigaciones a futuro para utilizar los modelos computacionales, informados con una perspectiva socioecológica, a fin de explorar mejor la conexión entre el cambio climático y los conflictos. Extrait Cet article offre une représentation complète des recherches portant sur les conflits liés au changement climatique. Il utilise des visualisations et des statistiques descriptives pour retracer l’évolution temporelle, spatiale et thématique de ce domaine d’étude via une analyse bibliométrique de plus de six cents publications. Il résume ensuite les constatations, explications théoriques et approches méthodologiques. Globalement, cette synthèse systématique montre une incohérence remarquable des preuves entre les publications. Pour aller de l'avant, cet article recommande que les recherches futures passent par des modèles informatiques éclairés par une perspective socio-écologique pour mieux explorer le lien entre le changement climatique et les conflits.

scholarly journals Perception du changement climatique par les éleveurs de bovins des zones tropicales sèche et subhumide du Bénin : comparaison avec les données météorologiques

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaya Idrissou ◽  
Alassan Assani Seidou ◽  
Fréjus Mahougnon Tossou ◽  
Hilaire Sorébou Sanni Worogo ◽  
Mohamed Nasser Baco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Changement Climatique ◽  
Stratégies D’Adaptation ◽  
Cette Question ◽  
Strategies D'adaptation

Une fausse perception du changement climatique peut entraîner une absence d’adaptation ou une mauvaise adaptation, augmentant ainsi la vulnérabilité à ce changement. Cependant très peu d’études se sont intéressées à cette question, surtout chez les éleveurs. Cette étude compare la perception du changement climatique des éleveurs de bovins des zones tropicales sèche et subhumide du Bénin avec les données climatiques des 40 dernières années. À cet effet, 360 éleveurs de bovins ont été interrogés dans ces zones. Les données collectées sont relatives aux caractéristiques sociodémographiques des éleveurs, ainsi qu’à leur perception du changement climatique. Les données climatiques couvrant la période 1976–2015 ont été collectées dans les stations météorologiques les plus proches de chaque zone d’étude. Les données d’enquête ont été soumises aux analyses fréquentielles et les données climatiques aux anomalies standardisées. Les résultats montrent que plus de 70 % des éleveurs des deux zones d’étude ont perçu une installation plus tardive de la saison pluvieuse, ainsi qu’une augmentation de la température et de la durée des poches de sécheresse, ce qui correspond aux données climatiques. Par contre, il existe un décalage entre les données climatiques et les perceptions des éleveurs, pour lesquels la pluviométrie aurait diminué et la saison des pluies se terminerait plus tôt. Cette étude permet de conclure que l’intégration d’indicateurs du changement perçus par les éleveurs serait pertinente pour élaborer des stratégies d’adaptation au changement climatique appropriées, consensuelles et durables, en facilitant la compréhension et la concertation entre éleveurs et scientifiques.

scholarly journals Late Holocene summer temperatures in the central Andes reconstructed from the sediments of high-elevation Laguna Chepical, Chile (32° S)

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 2277-2308
Author(s):  
R. de Jong ◽  
L. von Gunten ◽  
A. Maldonado ◽  
M. Grosjean
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South America ◽  
Temperature Reconstruction ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Calibration Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract. High-resolution reconstructions of climate variability that cover the past millennia are necessary to improve the understanding of natural and anthropogenic climate change across the globe. Although numerous records are available for the mid- and high-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, global assessments are still compromised by the scarcity of data from the Southern Hemisphere. This is particularly the case for the tropical and subtropical areas. In addition, high elevation sites in the South American Andes may provide insight into the vertical structure of climate change in the mid-troposphere. This study presents a 3000 yr long austral summer (November to February) temperature reconstruction derived from the 210Pb and 14C dated organic sediments of Laguna Chepical (32°16' S/70°30' W, 3050 m a.s.l.), a high-elevation glacial lake in the subtropical Andes of central Chile. Scanning reflectance spectroscopy in the visible light range provided the spectral index R570/R630, which reflects the clay mineral content in lake sediments. For the calibration period (AD 1901–2006), the R570/R630 data were regressed against monthly meteorological reanalysis data, showing that this proxy was strongly and significantly correlated with mean summer (NDJF) temperatures (R3yr = −0.63, padj = 0.01). This calibration model was used to make a quantitative temperature reconstruction back to 1000 BC. The reconstruction (with a model error RMSEPboot of 0.33 °C) shows that the warmest decades of the past 3000 yr occurred during the calibration period. The 19th century (end of the Little Ice Age (LIA)) was cool. The prominent warmth reconstructed for the 18th century, which was also observed in other records from this area, seems systematic for subtropical and southern South America but remains difficult to explain. Except for this warm period, the LIA was generally characterized by cool summers. Back to AD 1400, the results from this study compare remarkably well to low altitude records from the Chilean Central Valley and Southern South America. However, the reconstruction from Laguna Chepical does not show a warm Medieval Climate Anomaly during the 12–13th century, which is consistent with records from tropical South America. The Chepical record also indicates substantial cooling prior to 800 BC. This coincides with well-known regional as well as global glacier advances which have been attributed to a grand solar minimum. This study thus provides insight into the climatic drivers and temperature patterns in a region for which currently very few data are available. It also shows that since ca AD 1400, long term temperature patterns were generally similar at low and high altitudes in central Chile.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Sistem Pelaporan dan Kejelasan Sasaran Anggaran Terhadap Akuntanbilitas Kinerja Instansi Pemerintah (Studi Pada Satuan Kerja Pemerintah Aceh)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Mulyadi AR ◽  
Syamsidar Syamsidar ◽  
Dedy Efendy
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Government Performance ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Future ◽  
Scale Data ◽  
Dominant Influence

This research aims to determine the effect of the reporting system and the clarity of the budget target on the accountability of the performance of Aceh Government Agencies, the formulation of the problem in this study is whether there is an effect on the reporting system and clarity of budget targets on the accountability of Aceh Government performance both simultaneously and partially.Data collection uses a questionnaire, and is analyzed qualitatively and converted into quantitative data using a Likert Scale. Data analysts to see the effect of dependent variables with independent variables using analysis of multiple linear regression equations.The population of this study amounted to 84 respondents, who were examined by the Head of Section (Head of Section) and Head of Division (Head) in Aceh Government Agencies. The results of the study found that the reporting system and the clarity of budget targets simultaneously had a significant effect on the performance of the Aceh Government. The partial reporting system has a significant effect on the accountability of the performance of Aceh Government Agencies. Clarity of budget targets partially has a significant effect on the accountability of the performance of Aceh Government Agencies. The reporting system has more dominant influence on the accountability of the performance of Aceh Government Agencies. It is expected that in the future the Aceh Government will pay more attention to the clarity of the budget goals in budgeting, because the results of the research regression coefficients have the smallest effect on the accountability of the performance of Aceh Government agencies in clarity of budget targets, with the hope that these variables will have greater influence on the accountability of Agency performance The Aceh Government in the future.

Changing minds about climate change: a pervasive role for domain-general metacognition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manos Tsakiris ◽  
Neza Vehar ◽  
Stephen M Fleming ◽  
Sophie De Beukelaer ◽  
Max Rollwage
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Negative Evidence ◽  
Prior Beliefs ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
The Face ◽  
Metacognitive Abilities ◽  
Insight Into

Updating one’s beliefs about the causes and effects of climate change is crucial for altering attitudes and behaviours. Importantly, metacognitive abilities - insight into the (in)correctness of one’s beliefs- play a key role in the formation of polarized beliefs. We investigated the role of domain-general and domain-specific metacognition in updating prior beliefs about climate change across the spectrum of climate change scepticism. We also considered the role of how climate science is communicated in the form of textual or visuo-textual presentations. We show that climate change scepticism is associated with differences in domain-general as well as domain-specific metacognitive abilities. Moreover, domain-general metacognitive sensitivity influenced belief updating in an asymmetric way : lower domain-general metacognition decreased the updating of prior beliefs, especially in the face of negative evidence. Our findings highlight the role of metacognitive failures in revising erroneous beliefs about climate change and point to their adverse social effects.

scholarly journals Rapid climate change results in long-lasting spatial homogenization of phylogenetic diversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Saladin ◽  
Loïc Pellissier ◽  
Catherine H. Graham ◽  
Michael P. Nobis ◽  
Nicolas Salamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Climate Oscillations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rapid Climate Change ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Scientific understanding of biodiversity dynamics, resulting from past climate oscillations and projections of future changes in biodiversity, has advanced over the past decade. Little is known about how these responses, past or future, are spatially connected. Analyzing the spatial variability in biodiversity provides insight into how climate change affects the accumulation of diversity across space. Here, we evaluate the spatial variation of phylogenetic diversity of European seed plants among neighboring sites and assess the effects of past rapid climate changes during the Quaternary on these patterns. Our work shows a marked homogenization in phylogenetic diversity across Central and Northern Europe linked to high climate change velocity and large distances to refugia. Our results suggest that the future projected loss in evolutionary heritage may be even more dramatic, as homogenization in response to rapid climate change has occurred among sites across large landscapes, leaving a legacy that has lasted for millennia.

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