Comparison of Contributing Factors in System Affective Response in a Boolean and Hypertext Bibliographic Database Environment

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Dimitroff ◽  
Dietmar Wolfram
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bibliographic Database ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Search Tasks ◽  
Retrieval Systems ◽  
Bibliographic Retrieval ◽  
Study Participants

The present study compares factors of searcher affective response to two bibliographic retrieval systems. One system relied on hypertext linking to facilitate searching, the other a traditional Boolean approach. Eighty-five participants were randomly assigned to either system to perform four search tasks. Data collected from study participants were analyzed using factor analysis. . .

Loneliness Among Young Egyptian Adults: Affective Dimensions of Loneliness

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl J. Ginter ◽  
Ahmed M. Abdel-Khalek ◽  
Joseph J. Scalise
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Arabic Version ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Affective Dimensions

A sample of 417 young adults from Egypt participated in the present study. Participants completed an Arabic version of the Loneliness Rating Scale. The current study hypothesized that loneliness is multidimensional in nature. It was also hypothesized that given the unique cultural environment of Egypt one of the affective dimensions uncovered would have a strong “social” theme and that the remaining dimension or dimensions would reflect themes that denote a sense of dejection and depletion. The 40 affective items comprising the revised scale were analyzed via factor analysis. A two-factor solution was retained as the most statistically sound solution; one factor was labeled Intrapersonal Loneliness and the other Interpersonal Loneliness. The results support the hypotheses.

The Effect of Symbol Background Color on the Speed of Locating Targets by Adults Without Disabilities: Implications for Augmentative and Alternative Communication Display Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1482-1488
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Thistle
Keyword(s):  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
The Other ◽  
Background Color ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Display Design ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Research With Children ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Perceptual Factors

Purpose Previous research with children with and without disabilities has demonstrated that visual–perceptual factors can influence the speech of locating a target on an array. Adults without disabilities often facilitate the learning and use of a child's augmentative and alternative communication system. The current research examined how the presence of symbol background color influenced the speed with which adults without disabilities located target line drawings in 2 studies. Method Both studies used a between-subjects design. In the 1st study, 30 adults (ages 18–29 years) located targets in a 16-symbol array. In the 2nd study, 30 adults (ages 18–34 years) located targets in a 60-symbol array. There were 3 conditions in each study: symbol background color, symbol background white with a black border, and symbol background white with a color border. Results In the 1st study, reaction times across groups were not significantly different. In the 2nd study, participants in the symbol background color condition were significantly faster than participants in the other conditions, and participants in the symbol background white with black border were significantly slower than participants in the other conditions. Conclusion Communication partners may benefit from the presence of background color, especially when supporting children using displays with many symbols.

A Bird in the Hand Isn’t Good for Long

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Scherbaum ◽  
Simon Frisch ◽  
Maja Dshemuchadse
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Control Processes ◽  
Folk Wisdom ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract. Folk wisdom tells us that additional time to make a decision helps us to refrain from the first impulse to take the bird in the hand. However, the question why the time to decide plays an important role is still unanswered. Here we distinguish two explanations, one based on a bias in value accumulation that has to be overcome with time, the other based on cognitive control processes that need time to set in. In an intertemporal decision task, we use mouse tracking to study participants’ responses to options’ values and delays which were presented sequentially. We find that the information about options’ delays does indeed lead to an immediate bias that is controlled afterwards, matching the prediction of control processes needed to counter initial impulses. Hence, by using a dynamic measure, we provide insight into the processes underlying short-term oriented choices in intertemporal decision making.

The five‐factor personality model in applied settings

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Montag ◽  
Joseph Levin
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Female Subjects

Two studies of the Revised NEO‐Personality Inventory (NEO‐PI‐R) conducted on two different applicant samples (one consisting of 539 female subjects and the other consisting of 396 male subjects) are reported. Factor analysis of the female sample yielded a five‐factor solution, highly congruent with the factors presented by Costa, McCrae and Dye (1991). Results of the male data were less clear‐cut, yielding four to five factors which were moderately congruent with the American data. The combined male and female sample showed again high congruence coefficients. Various minor deviations in the location of the facet variables are discussed.

scholarly journals Efeitos da crioterapia e da diatermia por micro-ondas sobre a capacidade de produção de força de flexores de cotovelo de homens saudáveis

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Juliana Carvalho Schleder ◽  
Andrelize Müller ◽  
Walkyria Vilas Boas Fernandes ◽  
Andrielle Elaine Capote
Keyword(s):  
Production Capacity ◽  
Peak Strength ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Thermal Changes ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Sedentary Subjects ◽  
Isometric Muscle ◽  
Microwave Diathermy

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n3p332 Physiological effects of thermal changes in tissues might influence some physical properties of muscle fibers, such as strength. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of cryotherapy and microwave diathermy application on the strength production capacity of the elbow flexor muscles. Thirty male, healthy and sedentary subjects, with average age of 22.40 (±3.42) years, participated in this prospective study. Participants were submitted to assessment of isometric strength production capability by an adapted load cell. Half of volunteers received cryotherapy on the first day of application and microwave diathermy (MD) 48 hours later, whereas the other half was treated the other way around. Cryotherapy was applied up to the temperature of the biceps region reached 25ºC, and MD was applied up to 42ºC. Six peak strength reevaluations were made over 2 hours. There was significant increase in peak strength (PS) up to 15 minutes after cryotherapy, then there was a decrease in maximum isometric strength, however, statistically significant difference remained up to 1 hour and 30 minutes after cryotherapy. In MD, PS decreased significantly after application until 15 min. From this moment, PS returned close to the initial value, and in the last assessment, PS reduced again. Cryotherapy and MD differently interfered in isometric muscle strength production capacity of elbow flexors, while cooling generated increment, heating caused decline.

scholarly journals Coding ATC Incident Data Using HFACS: Intercoder Consensus

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Wang ◽  
Yaohua Wang ◽  
Xiaoqiang Yang ◽  
Kai Cheng ◽  
Haishan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
High Hazard ◽  
Incident Reports ◽  
Comparability Of Results

Reliability studies for coding contributing factors of incident reports in high hazard industries are rarely conducted and reported. Although the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) appears to have a larger number of such studies completed than most other systems doubt exists as the accuracy and comparability of results between studies due to aspects of methodology and reporting. This paper reports on a trial conducted on HFACS to determine its reliability in the context of military air traffic control (ATC). Two groups participated in the trial: one group comprised of specialists in the field of human factors, and the other group comprised air traffic controllers. All participants were given standardized training via a self-paced workbook and then read 14 incident reports and coded the associated findings. The results show similarly low consensus for both groups of participants. Several reasons for the results are proposed associated with the HFACS model, the context within which incident reporting occurs in real organizations and the conduct of the studies.

scholarly journals The Stroop Task Influences Product Evaluations

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom G. E. Damen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Cognitive Conflict ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Product Evaluations ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Negative Signal

Cognitive conflict is considered to represent a psychologically negative signal. Indeed, a recent publication showed that cognitive conflict emerging from the Stroop task influences evaluations for neutral shapes that had become associated with conflict and non-conflict, respectively. Building on these findings, the present research investigates the degree to which Stroop conflict influences evaluations of actual products. In an experimental study, participants performed a Stroop task in which they responded to conflict trials (e.g., the word red presented in a blue font) as well as non-conflict trials (e.g., the word red presented in a red font). Participants were also presented with two pictures featuring bottled water brands: One brand was consistently presented after non-conflict trials; the other brand was consistently presented after conflict trials. When participants evaluated the products, the results showed they rated the product associated with Stroop conflict less favorably than the product associated with non-conflict; however, this effect only emerged when participants were thirsty. When participants were not thirsty, no differences emerged. The present findings add to the literature on cognitive conflict and negativity, suggesting that Stroop conflict can influence product evaluations when those products are goal relevant.

scholarly journals Stable individual differences in strategies within, but not between, visual search tasks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alasdair D F Clarke ◽  
Jessica Irons ◽  
Warren James ◽  
Andrew B. Leber ◽  
Amelia R. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Search Task ◽  
The Other ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Search Tasks ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Over Time

A striking range of individual differences has recently been reported in three different visual search tasks. These differences in performance can be attributed to strategy, that is, the efficiency with which participants control their search to complete the task quickly and accurately. Here we ask if an individual's strategy and performance in one search task is correlated with how they perform in the other two. We tested 64 observers in the three tasks mentioned above over two sessions. Even though the test-retest reliability of the tasks is high, an observer's performance and strategy in one task did not reliably predict their behaviour in the other two. These results suggest search strategies are stable over time, but context-specific. To understand visual search we therefore need to account not only for differences between individuals, but also how individuals interact with the search task and context. These context-specific but stable individual differences in strategy can account for a substantial proportion of variability in search performance.

scholarly journals Adult’s Participation in Work-related Training: The Balance between Improving Job and a Desire for Learning

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ana Inés Renta Davids ◽  
Manel Fandos-Garrido ◽  
José Miguel Jiménez-González ◽  
Ángel Pío González-Soto
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Continuing Education ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
The Other ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Motivation To Participate

<p>The study draws on findings from a survey of adults in non-formal continuing education under the professional training for employment framework in Spain. Quantitative analysis was carried out to a sample of 425 respondents from three different educational providers. Firstly, a factor analysis was conducted to fourteen motives for participation items. A two-dimension model of motivation to participate was identified: one dimension oriented towards job-improvement and the other dimension oriented towards learning. Secondly, a variance analysis was conducted according to demographics variables. Results showed significant statistical differences in the first dimension according to demographic variables. This might indicates an instrumental motivation in participation in work-related training among different groups who try to cope with different types of drawbacks.</p>

scholarly journals Inter-identity amnesia for neutral episodic self-referential and autobiographical memory in Dissociative Identity Disorder: An assessment of recall and recognition

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0245849
Author(s):  
Rosemary J. Marsh ◽  
Martin J. Dorahy ◽  
Chandele Butler ◽  
Warwick Middleton ◽  
Peter J. de Jong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Partial Information ◽  
Dissociative Identity Disorder ◽  
The Other ◽  
Full Information ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Memory Transfer ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Diagnostic Criterion

Amnesia is a core diagnostic criterion for Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), however previous research has indicated memory transfer. As DID has been conceptualised as being a disorder of distinct identities, in this experiment, behavioral tasks were used to assess the nature of amnesia for episodic 1) self-referential and 2) autobiographical memories across identities. Nineteen DID participants, 16 DID simulators, 21 partial information, and 20 full information comparison participants from the general population were recruited. In the first study, participants were presented with two vignettes (DID and simulator participants received one in each of two identities) and asked to imagine themselves in the situations outlined. The second study used a similar methodology but with tasks assessing autobiographical experience. Subjectively, all DID participants reported amnesia for events that occurred in the other identity. On free recall and recognition tasks they presented a memory profile of amnesia similar to simulators instructed to feign amnesia and partial information comparisons. Yet, on tests of recognition, DID participants recognized significantly more of the event that occurred in another identity than simulator and partial information comparisons. As such, results indicate that the DID performance profile was not accounted for by true or feigned amnesia, lending support to the idea that reported amnesia may be more of a perceived than actual memory impairment.

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