scholarly journals Understanding Health and Medicine: A Critical Examination of Governance, Surveillance and Control within Contemporary Culture

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Alyssa Hartwell
Keyword(s):  
Social Processes ◽  
Risk Society ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Social Discourses ◽  
Foucauldian Theory ◽  
And Control ◽  
Contemporary Western Society

Within contemporary western society, health and medicine understandings are often taken for granted, left unquestioned and undisturbed. However, the author of this paper looks to uproot and critically examine much of what medical professionals, scientists, and patients alike have come to understand as ‘normal’. Thus, an assessment of the ways in which the neo-liberal model, the creation of the abnormal/normal binary and social discourses combine in order to enact control, surveillance and governance, will be considered. Then, through the use of Foucauldian theory, a discussion of the implications of such ubiquitous and omnipresent social processes such as surveillance, control and governance will be considered. Furthermore, the neo-liberal model will be presented in greater detail to illustrate the ways in which privilege is cast unto those who embody that of the archetypal citizen. Additionally, social theorists Giddens and Beck will be considered as they offer critical key concepts – such as that of the risk society – which will help to better contextualize the larger theoretical frameworks that exist and pertain to health and medicine. In conclusion, Foucault’s concept of the panopticon will exemplify the ways in which surveillance, control and governance are irrevocably intertwined at a variety of levels to ultimately create citizens whom conform to government beliefs and ideals.

Pre-service music teachers' satisfaction: person–environment fit approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serkan Perkmen ◽  
Beste Cevik ◽  
Mahir Alkan
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Music Teachers ◽  
Music Teacher ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Vocational Satisfaction ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Service Music ◽  
And Control ◽  
Future Work

Guided by three theoretical frameworks in vocational psychology, (i) theory of work adjustment, (ii) two factor theory, and (iii) value discrepancy theory, the purpose of this study was to investigate Turkish pre-service music teachers' values and the role of fit between person and environment in understanding vocational satisfaction. Participants were 85 students enrolled in the department of music education in a Turkish university. The Minnesota Importance Questionnaire (MIQ) was used to examine the participants’ values in six dimensions: achievement, comfort, status, altruism, safety and autonomy. Results revealed that the pre-service teachers value achievement most followed by autonomy, which suggests that they would like to have a sense of accomplishment and control in their future job. The degree to which their values fit their predictions about future work environment was found to be highly correlated with vocational satisfaction. These results provided evidence that the vocational theories used in the current study offers a helpful and different perspective to understand the pre-service teachers' satisfaction with becoming a music teacher in the future. We believe that researchers in the field of music education may use these theories and MIQ to examine the role of values in pre-service and in-service music teachers' job satisfaction.

Financial battle against climate change – assessing effectiveness using a scorecard

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Candauda Arachchige Saliya ◽  
Suesh Kumar Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Banking Regulations ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to investigate how and to what extent the Fijian sustainable banking regulations or guidelines are designed, communicated, implemented and monitored within the financial system in Fiji. A scorecard is introduced for this purpose to assess the effectiveness of Fiji’s financial battle against climate change (FBACC). Design/methodology/approach This study uses a mixed-method methodology. Data were collected mainly from a survey and supplemented by interviews, observations and documents. The scorecard was developed by building on existing two theoretical frameworks, namely, the Sustainable Banking Assessment and Climate Change Governance Index, to make them more appropriate and practically applicable to less developed financial systems in emerging economies such as Fiji. This FBACC scorecard consists of four perspectives, eight critical factors and 24 criteria. Findings The results show that the overall FBACC score averages 40.75%, and all the perspectives scored below 50%, the benchmark. Only the CF “policy” scored 54.25% because of a high positive response of 82.3% for the “political leadership” criterion. The relative contributions of each perspective in constructing the overall score are distributed as 28%, 25%, 24% and 23% among planning, action, accountability and control, respectively. Research limitations/implications These results were complemented by the information shared during the interviews and confirmed that the existing political initiatives need to be effectively communicated and/or implemented in the financial system by the regulatory agencies. Practical implications This FBACC scorecard can be applied to other underdeveloped systems in emerging countries to assess the effectiveness of the sustainable banking regulations and/or guidelines in those countries in relation to the FBACC. It can also be applied to individual firms to assess their contribution to the FBACC. Originality/value To the authors’ best knowledge, this might be the first study in Fiji that considers the impact of climate-related financial risk on the Fijian financial system.

La réception des notions philosophiques de trace, d’arkhé et de document dans l’œuvre d’Alain Nadaud

Labyrinth ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-105
Author(s):  
Gianluca Chiadini
Keyword(s):  
Jacques Derrida ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Philosophical Analysis ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Philosophical Theory ◽  
Philosophical Interpretation ◽  
French Writer ◽  
Contemporary Western Society

The reception of the notions of trace, arkhé, and document in the work of Alain Nadaud This paper intends to point out the philosophical features in the novels of the French writer Alain Nadaud and their links with the philosophical theory concerning the concepts of trace, arkhé and document elaborated by Jacques Derrida in the second half of the XX century. This subject, related to the contemporary socio-historical concept of post-truth, reveals the originality and the up-to-date tendency in the novels of Alain Nadaud. This paper uncovers new important aspects of his work by proposing a solid philosophical interpretation of its main theoretical principles. In particular, it uncovers the philosophical reasons at the origin of his writing, which is based on the historical research method. Furthermore, it reveals the sense of dystopia of his novels and relates it with the most recent socio-philosophical analysis of contemporary western society.

Solo Sailing: An “Ordinary Girl”, Voluntary Risk-Taking and (Ir)Responsibility

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Brown ◽  
Dawn Penney
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Public Reaction ◽  
Contemporary Western Society

This article draws on material associated with a solo sailing circumnavigation, undertaken by 16 year old Jessica Watson in 2009–2010, to discuss how her voyage provided a focal point for debates relating to voluntary risk-taking conducted within the sport and leisure context. Specifically, we illustrate how public and media commentaries on her voyage reflect discourses of risk being infused and conflated with discourses of responsibility, youth and gender. Our analysis brings to the fore the contested, moral and political nature of risk discourses in contemporary western society. Public reaction to Watson’s voyage indicates that descriptions of western society as risk-averse fail to capture the situated and dynamic perceptions of risk.

scholarly journals РАСПРЕДЕЛЁННАЯ ОБРАЗНОСТЬ: ИМАГИНАТИВНЫЕ ПРАКТИКИ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya Inishev
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Normative Claim ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Core Feature ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Regime Characteristic

В статье идёт речь о формах образного, которые во всё возрастающей степени становятся характерными для современной культуры. Центральная характеристика этих форм – распределённость в пространстве и времени, их способность сопровождать нас практически повсеместно, не будучи привязанными к каким-либо организационным формам. Распределённые разновидности образного противопоставляются «традиционным», нераспределённым образам, «репрезентирующим» некоторое идентифицируемое содержание. Одна из базовых черт нераспределенного образного – заключённое в нём нормативное притязание, затрагивающее не только способы его интерпретации, но и телесные практики воспринимающего «субъекта», релевантные для его восприятия. В отличие от репрессивного характера нераспределённого образа, являющегося его структурной характеристикой, связанной с характерным для него режимом восприятия, распределённая образность базируется не на редукции и контроле телесности воспринимающего, но – напротив – на интенсификации (и в этом смысле эмансипации) его эмоционально-телесного самоприсутствия. В диахронической перспективе отношение между нераспределённой и распределённой образностью опосредовано сложной социально-исторической и материально-технологической динамикой развитого и позднего модерна. Реконструкция этой динамики позволяет выстроить генетическую связь (континуальность) между нераспределённой и распределённой образностью. В синхронической перспективе распределённая и нераспределенная разновидности образности генерируют несовместимые типы опыта с взаимоисключающими структурными характеристиками и социально-политическими импликациями (дискретность).Main theme of the article are the types of imagery becoming increasingly characteristic of contemporary culture. The core feature of these types is their being distributed across time and space, their ability to accompany us virtually everywhere, without being tied to any organizational form. Distributed imagery opposes “traditional”, non-distributed images “representing” some identifiable subject-matter. One of the essential traits of non-distributed imagery is its normative claim addressing not only the ways of its interpretation but also bodily practices of the perceiving subject, relevant for experiencing images of this kind. In contrast to the inherent oppressiveness of non-distributed image connected to a perceptual regime characteristic of it, the distributed imagery draws not on reduction and control of body of the perceiving subject but – on the contrary – on intensifying (and in this sense, on emancipating) its bodily emotional self-presence. From a diachronic point of view, the relationship between distributed and non-distributed imageries is mediated by quite a complicated socio-historical and material-technological dynamic of the developed and late modernity. Reconstruction of this dynamic enables us to identify the genetic interrelation (continuity) between non-distributed and distributed imagery. From a synchronic point of view, distributed and non-distributed imagery forms generate incompatible experience types with mutually exclusive structural characteristics and social-political implications (discontinuity).

scholarly journals Nicholas Urfe’s Masculine Trap or the Construction of Manhood, its Ambivalences and Limitations in John Fowles’s The Magus

2017 ◽  
pp. 73-86
Author(s):  
Irina Strout
Keyword(s):  
Western Society ◽  
The Novel ◽  
John Fowles ◽  
Lone Wolf ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
Male Power ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
And Control

Western society and its fiction faces the overwhelming problem of masculinity and its modeling. The era of war, capitalism, the challenges of feminism affect the ideology within which men are constructed both as individuals and as a social group. John Fowles’s fi ction tackles the crucial issue of male power and control as masculinity is put to test and trial in his 1965 novel The Magus. The defi nition of manhood, male virility and social respectability of the period shape the 20th century male characters in Fowles’s fi ction. This paper aims to explore how John Fowles investigates the role of masculinity and power myths on the personal level of relationship and a wider scale of war and capitalism in The Magus. Notions of masculinity off er the protagonist, Nicholas Urfe, a sense of a superiority and power over women in the course of the novel. Among the goals of the project is to examine the mythical journey of Nicholas, which becomes a testing ground of his masculinity and maturity, as well his trial and ‘disintoxication,’ which is intended to help him to reevaluate his life and his relationships with women. One of the issues posed is whether Nicholas Urfe is reborn as a new man at the end of his search for redemption or if he remains the same egotistic, ‘lone wolf’ as he appears in the beginning of the novel.

scholarly journals The corporate takeover of the online public sphere: A critical examination, with reference to 'the New Zealand case'

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lincoln Dahlberg
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Public ◽  
Multiple Alternative ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

Much communications research is in agreement about the failure of mass media to adequately facilitate a public sphere of open and reflexive debate necessary for strong democratic culture. In contrast , the internet's decentralised, two-way communication is seen by many commentators to be extending such debate. However, there is some ambivalence among critical theorists as to the future role of the internet in advancing the public sphere. On the one hand, the internet is providing the means fot the voicing of positions and identities excluded from the mass media. On the other hand, a number of problem are limiting the extensiveness and effetivness of this voicing. One of the most significant problems is the corporate colonisation of cyberspace, and subsequent marginalisation rational-critical communication. It is this problem that i will focus on in this article, with reference to examples from what I refer to as the 'New Zealand online public sphere'. I show how online corporate portals and media sites are gaining the most attention orientated to public communication, including news, information, and discussion. These sites generally support conservative discourse and consumer practices. The result is a marginalisation online of the very voices marginalised offline, and also of the critical-reflexive form of communication that makes for a strong public sphere. I conclude by noting that corporate colonisation is as yet only partial, and control of attention and media is highly contested by multiple 'alternative' discursive spaces online.

scholarly journals CORPO E AUTOEXPERIMENTAÇÃO: UMA LEITURA DA ARTCHARNELDE ORLAN A PARTIR DO PENSAMENTO PÓS-FEMINISTA DE PAUL B. PRECIADO / Body and self-experimentation: a reading of ORLAN's artcharnel from Paul B. Preciado's post-feminist thinking

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (39) ◽  
pp. 93-105
Author(s):  
Rejane Lopes Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Female Body ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Contemporary Western Society

A partir da década de 1960 teve início na Europa e nos EUA um novo movimento artístico conhecido como arte performativa. ORLAN, artista plástica francesa, insere-se neste movimento através de obras que incluem intervenções cirúrgicas em seu próprio corpo com o objetivo de questionar o status do corpo feminino na sociedade ocidental contemporânea. Diante disso, propomos no presente artigo, uma análise do seu trabalho a partir das considerações teóricas do filósofo e escritor transgênero Paul B. Preciado.Palavras-chave: Arte performativa; ORLAN; Gênero; Feminismo; Paul. B. Preciado.AbstractFrom the 1960s, a new artistic movement known as performative art began in Europe and the USA. ORLAN, a French artist, is part of this movement through works that include surgical interventions on her own body in order to question the status of the female body in contemporary Western society. Therefore, in this article, we propose an analysis of his work based on the theoretical considerations of the transgender philosopher and writer Paul B. Preciado.Keywords: Performative art; ORLAN; Genre; Feminism; Paul B. Preciado.

scholarly journals Interaction of the Probation Service and Civil Society Institutions in the Implementation of Probation Tasks

2019 ◽  
pp. 124-136
Author(s):  
Tetiana Nikiforova
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Religious Organizations ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
State Service ◽  
Probation Service ◽  
Close Cooperation ◽  
The Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control

The current national legislation, which regulates the organization and implementation of probation in Ukraine in terms of regulating the cooperation of the probation service with civil society institutions, is analyzed. It has been established that such cooperation is possible by involving volunteers in probation in carrying out tasks related to the supervision of convicts and the implementation of social and educational work with them, as well as interaction on a contractual basis with enterprises, institutions and organizations irrespective of the forms of ownership. The disadvantages of such regulation are revealed, including the discrepancy between the norms of the Law of Ukraine «On Probation» and the Regulation on the organization of volunteers' probation activities in terms of involving volunteers in cooperation. The Law «On Probation» proposes to regulate the principles of cooperation of the probation service with public and religious organizations with the definition of mutual rights and responsibilities, responsibility, supervision and control over the activities of the relevant organizations in the field of probation by the probation service. The prospects and effectiveness of cooperation of the probation service with religious organizations, especially with regard to the implementation of social and educational work with the convicts, are analyzed, on the basis of foreign experience and experience of cooperation of state service and religious organizations in the sphere of resocialization of convicts and ensuring public safety. It is concluded that the actual introduction of probation (not the formal implementation of the relevant legislative provisions, but the actual cooperation with the person who committed the crime, aimed at preventing her from committing new crimes without isolating her from society, and vice versa with a real involvement in social processes) is impossible without the close cooperation of probation service with civil society institutions. It is proposed at the legislative level to strengthen the possibility of the development and implementation of non-state alternative probation programs by religious organizations of non-prisoners with probation.

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