scholarly journals New Directions in the Controversial Study of Self-esteem: A Review with Suggestions for Future Research

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Famira Racy
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Inner Speech ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Organizational Leaders ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Methodological Problems

The construct of self-esteem (SE) is controversial due to conceptual and methodological problems that have led to the near abandonment of its study. While little is known about the theoretical underpinnings of SE and its functions, clinicians, educators, organizational leaders, and policy-makers dangerously push for SE programs in hopes of boosting performance. Attempting to boost performance using unsubstantiated praise as a motivator may actually contribute to egotistical and narcissistic attitudes and related behaviours, yet good performances tend to raise self-ratings of SE.There are still good reasons to study SE because evidence supports positive relationships between SE and happiness, SE and well-being, as well as low SE and anxiety, rumination, depression, and poor self-regulation. Self-evaluation and self-regulation are strongly related to both SE and the cognitive phenomenon of inner speech (IS), and both SE and IS are strongly influenced by individual and contextual differences. Therefore, I use the present review to theorize about functions of SE within a self-system, place the study within current paradigms considering both psychological and social influences, and offer suggestions for future research in fundamental SE phenomenology using IS sampling.

Obligatory and Voluntary Identity Discrepancies, Self-Evaluation, and Psychological Distress

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
The Impact

In identity theory, inconsistencies between self-views and perceptions of others’ views of self (identity discrepancies) are considered stressors that can compromise well-being. The particular outcome(s) affected by a given identity discrepancy may depend upon the type of identity being considered. Using telephone survey data ( n = 501) from a national probability sample of adults in the United States and structural equation modeling techniques, the author compares the impact of discrepancies in obligatory and voluntary identities on two components of self-evaluation (self-esteem and self-efficacy) and three types of psychological distress (depressive, anxiety, and somatic symptoms). Results confirm that discrepancies associated with obligatory and voluntary identities differentially affect these outcomes. Obligatory identity discrepancies have a direct association with somatic symptoms, whereas voluntary identity discrepancies are indirectly related to depressive, anxiety, and somatic symptoms through self-esteem. Implications of these findings for identity and mental health research, directions for future research, and study limitations are discussed.

Examining the role of passion in university students’ academic emotions, self-regulated learning and well-being

2021 ◽  
pp. 147797142110373
Author(s):  
Anna Sverdlik ◽  
Sonia Rahimi ◽  
Robert J Vallerand
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Adult Students ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Academic Emotions ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Self Regulated Learning ◽  
Regulated Learning

University students’ passion for their studies has been previously demonstrated to be important for both their academic performance and their personal well-being. However, no studies to date have explored the role of passion for one’s studies on both academic and personal outcomes in a single model. The present research sought to determine the role of passion in adult university students’ self-regulated learning and psychological well-being (Study 1), as well as the process by which passion shapes these outcomes, namely academic emotions, in Study 2. It was hypothesised that harmonious passion would positively predict both self-regulated learning and psychological well-being in Study 1. Furthermore, the mediating role of academic emotions between passion and outcomes was tested using a prospective design over time in Study 2. Results provided support for the proposed model. Implications for future research and practice focusing on the role of passion in facilitating adaptive emotions, use of self-regulation and well-being in adult students are discussed.

scholarly journals Community-Based Green Care Initiative

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
SOLAJA MAYOWA OLUDELE
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Interview Guide

Community-based green care initiative is an intervention geared towards satisfying the environmental, social, psychological, medical and material care for stimulating healthy well-being of children, adolescence and adults. Evidence-based studies have established that there is continual degeneration of self-esteem among adolescence in developing countries including Nigeria due to problems associated with unsustainable parenting styles and teaching patterns. It is in the light of this, the study examines a community-based green care initiative as a catalyst for sustainable parenting styles, teaching patterns and child self-esteem in Ogun State, Nigeria. The study adopted exploratory survey design and tested three hypotheses on the subject matter. A self-structured questionnaire and in-depth interview guide were used for data collection. Quantitative data were analysed through percentage distribution table and multiple regressions while qualitative data were analysed using direct quotes. Findings were discussed with reference to relevant empirical literatures and future research highlighted.

THE INFLUENCE OF ACADEMIC SELF-REGULATION OF STUDENTS ON THE WAY OF OVERCOMING NEGATIVE SITUATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
Ніна Обухова
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Academic Activities ◽  
Educational Conditions

The relevance of research. In modern educational conditions, it is important for applicants to independently regulate academic activities and find solutions to overcome unforeseen negative situations. The purpose of the study is to reveal the correlation between indicators of ways to overcome negative situations and academic self-regulation. Research methods - The experimental research was carried out on the basis of the H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University and the Ukrainian Engineering Pedagogics Academy. The study involved applicants for education in the area 05 Social and Behavioral Sciences of 1, 3 and 5 courses in the number of 244 persons (187 girls and 57 boys). As a diagnostic material we used the questionnaire "Ways to overcome negative situations" and the adaptation questionnaire of academic self-regulation R.M. Ryan and D.R. Connell. Mathematical and statistical methods were applied in data processing. Results. In a pilot study, it was found that the main ways of overcoming negative situations by subjects of educational and professional activities are self-accusations, problem analysis and self-esteem increase. Academic self-regulation is characterized mainly by external and introjective regulation. Conclusions. According to the results of the study of methods to overcome negative situations, it was found that students more often choose coping strategies of self-blame, problem analysis and search for guilty. During their educational and professional activities, students rely on the emotional sphere, which they direct towards themselves or others. At the same time, while analyzing the problem, students try to retire, seek information, find a solution. Academic self-regulation is characterized by external and introjected regulation. All data indicate that subjects of educational and professional activities are capable of self-organizing activities with the help of constructive coping strategies using the development of emotional intelligence for psychological well-being.

Societal Conditions and the Gender Difference in Well-Being

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miron Zuckerman ◽  
Chen Li ◽  
Edward F. Diener
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Quadratic Relation ◽  
Women And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Findings from a meta-analysis on gender differences in self-esteem (Zuckerman et al., 2016) suggest that the relation between the degree to which societal conditions are favorable to women and gender difference in self-esteem might be quadratic; when conditions improve, women’s self-esteem (relative to that of men) trends downward but when conditions continue to improve, women’s self-esteem begins to trend upward. Testing whether these relations generalize to subjective well-being, the present study found a quadratic relation between improving societal conditions and the gender difference in life satisfaction and positive affect (women are lower than men when societal conditions are moderately favorable compared to when they are at their worst and at their best); the relation was linear for negative emotion (women report more negative emotions than men when societal conditions are better). Directions for future research that will address potential explanations for these results are proposed.

Gratitude as a Mediator of the Effects of Savoring on Positive Adjustment to Aging

2020 ◽  
pp. 009141502091999
Author(s):  
Fred B. Bryant ◽  
Karen A. Osowski ◽  
Jennifer L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Aging ◽  
Life Lessons ◽  
Adjustment To Aging

We extended the previous experimental work with older adults by testing mediating variables through which savoring valuable “life lessons” improves attitudes toward aging and boosts well-being. A sample of 202 adults aged 65 or older were randomly assigned to either an experimental condition (in which they reflected on important lessons life had taught them) or a control condition (in which they reflected on their typical morning routine). Contemplating life lessons increased feelings of gratitude, which in turn boosted positive attitudes toward aging, life satisfaction, state hope, and state self-esteem. Additional analyses supported a three-path mediational model, in which reflecting on life lessons increased levels of savoring, which led to greater gratitude, which in turn predicted stronger positive attitudes toward aging, life satisfaction, and hope. We discuss implications of these findings for future research on savoring interventions for older adults and suggest future directions designed to advance understanding of these experimental effects.

The way forward

2020 ◽  
pp. 154-176
Author(s):  
Raymond A. R. MacDonald ◽  
Graeme B. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
Creative Agency ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Way

This chapters presents conclusions and overarching summaries of key issues, outlining implications for future research. The accessibility of an arts practice that offers creative engagement at any level of virtuosity can have a transformative effect on music education and the ways we feel about making music in our everyday lives. The location of creative agency within a group, rather than within an individual, calls for a new psychology and musicology of improvisation. These issues and other aspects of the way ahead are discussed, with suggestions for new directions in studying, making, or researching music and other improvisatory arts in years to come. In the moments of improvisation, we have opportunities: to explore our identity; to connect with other people; to make conceptual breakthroughs and gain new insights; to develop our confidence or self-esteem; to be understood; to be misunderstood; and still to have fun within an artistic and expressive environment.

Admonishing without repressing. Promoting self-regulation in responsible and effective policy contexts

2010 ◽  
pp. 113-135
Author(s):  
Michele Contel
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Social Rules ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Weak Support ◽  
Reflective Judgement ◽  
The Impact

In this article, part 1 explores how the role of emotions, considered as a major factor in shaping individual behaviour is extended to take into account social rules and sanctions. Relying extensively on the notion of emotion developed by Martha Nussbaum as a "form of judgement", a positive outcome of the emotion based theory of health and well being is build around the concept of persuasion, interpreted as rational action based on a weak support of reasons. Good habits - emotionally conveyed, are often better influent than purely rational reasons, a lesson that can turn useful with reference to prevention policies. In part 2 recent reviews on the impact of advertisements of alcoholic beverages are analysed. It results that only a weak connection between advertisement and the decision to drink (or to increase drinking behaviour) is clearly deducible. This in turn does not support strong anti-alcoholic beverages recommendations as frequently happens in many official publications put forward by policy makers and public bodies. Generalisation of risk, in particular, is a negative by-product of these publications that make a point in representing themselves as scientifically underpinned. Part 3 explores theoretically the relationship between self-regulation and norm. It outlines an attempt to design approaches to prevention that are both non repressive and effective. Exploiting the notion of reflective judgement, as originally expressed by Kant, the category of "example" and "exemplary action" is alluded to in order to develop policy paths inspired by the basic idea that public power has everything to gain from facilitating positive persuasion networks when creating regulatory and practical processes to oppose substance abuse, compared to repressive or punitive choices addressed at criminalising behaviour involving abuse, unilaterally placing the responsibility on the subject, perceived as the transgressor of a consolidated rule.

It’s not just action but also about reflection: Taking stock of agency research to develop a future research agenda

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-401
Author(s):  
Giles Hirst ◽  
Gillian Yeo ◽  
Nicole Celestine ◽  
Shen-Yang (Sonya) Lin ◽  
Alex Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Regulatory Focus ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Multidisciplinary Perspective

Agency is the human capability to exert influence over one’s actions and environment, such as through forethought, self-regulation and self-reflection. We focus on six prominent agency constructs, including goal orientation, regulatory focus, proactivity, fear of failure, core self-evaluations and psychological capital, and review what we have learned from each construct. By adopting an overarching multidisciplinary perspective, we identify key research agendas for the six prominent constructs: (1) incorporating self-reflection into research on agentic disposition; (2) how agency dispositions equip employees for workplaces of the futures, yet also how such behaviours may challenge societal and corporate mechanisms of control; and (3) well-being and health-related consequences of agency. In addition, we highlight the importance of understanding the interface between agency scholarship and developments in technology, medicine and sociology. JEL Classification: M10, M14

scholarly journals Psychological risk factors of social maladjustment and protective factors in alcohol-dependent women

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-92
Author(s):  
E.A. Pleshakova ◽  
N.V. Ivashchuk ◽  
A.P. Makurina
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Social Maladjustment ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Normal Behavior ◽  
Psychological Risk ◽  
Real Self ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

The paper analyzes the psychological characteristics of alcohol-dependent women, including the particularities of subjective psychological symptomatic status, psychological well-being, motivation, social desirability and self-esteem. We tested the hypothesis that: 1) alcohol-dependent women expressed less motivation of social desirability and expressed more subjectively perceived symptoms in comparison with normal; 2) alcohol-dependent women have lower levels of well-being, self-esteem and level of aspiration in comparison with the conventional norm. The experimental group consisted of 46 women (mean age 45 years) who are dependent on alcohol. The comparison group included 33 women with normal behavior who are not dependent on alcohol (the average age 33 years). We have found that a statistically significant contribution to the classification of women in a group of alcohol-dependent is made by low self-esteem, high levels of anxiety, low real self-evaluation of their success in business, willpower and mental health, low ideal self-evaluation in terms of the happiness and mind, achievable self-evaluation in terms of the happiness and visual attractiveness, the average level of the personal growth as basic component of well-being.

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