scholarly journals The Financing of Oil and Gas Transactions

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 278
Author(s):  
Robert E. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Conservation Laws ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
The Stability

The search for oil is synonymous with the search for funds to finance the activities involved in the exploration and production of oil and gas. This article submits that the uniqueness of oil and gas financing is directly related to the nature, occurrence and production of petroleum and states that oil and gas financing is affected by the stage of development of the reservoir, the nature of oil and gas rights acquired and the extent of government regulation, including securities, conservation and taxation. The stability provided by comprehensive conservation laws has greatly facilitated oil and gas financing by making proven oil reserves an acceptable form of security for loans. The article concludes with a discussion of the .effect of taxation on oil and gas financing in the United States.

BUSINESS AND TAX ISSUES FOR PETROLEUM EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT COMPANIES INVESTING IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 494
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Hayne
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Corporate Executives ◽  
Exploration And Production

Oil and gas exploration and production opportunities in the United States represent possibilities for investment by Australian petroleum companies in the 1990s. This paper focuses on the unique characteristics of the oil and gas industry, and is intended as an entrepreneurial guide to some of the practical business and tax issues which corporate executives will confront when proposing to do business in the United States. It provides a detailed examination of the key issues, but, due to the complexity of United States and Australian laws, this paper should not be used as a substitute for detailed advice.

scholarly journals California

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-362
Author(s):  
Joshua L. Baker ◽  
Ryan Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oil Reserves

Oil and gas output in California has declined as the industry faces increasing regulatory and market headwinds. However, California remains a major oil and gas producing jurisdiction at the present. California is the seventh-largest producer of crude oil in the United States and contains the fifth-largest crude oil reserves.

scholarly journals Learning Curve, Change in Industrial Environment, and Dynamics of Production Activities in Unconventional Energy Resources

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Hyun Kim ◽  
Yong-Gil Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Industrial Environment ◽  
The Us ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas

Since 2007, shale oil and gas production in the United States has become a significant portion of the global fossil fuel market. The main cause for the increase in production of shale oil and gas in the US is the adoption of new production technologies, namely, horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. However, the production cost of shale oil and gas in the US is comparably higher than the production cost of conventional oil and gas. In 2014, the crude oil and natural gas price decreased significantly to approximately 40 dollars per barrel, and natural gas prices decreased to 3 dollars per million British thermal unit, and thus the productivity and financial conditions for the exploration and production of shale oil and natural gas for producers in the United States have worsened critically. Therefore, technological innovation has become one of the most interesting issues of the energy industry. The present study analyzes the trends in technological innovation having a relationship with production activities. This study calculates the learning rate of 30 companies from the petroleum exploration and production industry in the United States using an improved learning rate calculation formula that reflects the changes in the oil production ratio. Thus, more statistically confident calculation results and interpretations of strategic production activities with regard to changes in the industrial environment were achieved in this study.

The Oil and Gas Industry in Kazakstan

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik S. Karibdzhanov ◽  
Murat A. Taishibayev
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Market ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
The Government

In Kazakstan, there are currently over sixty known oil and natural gas fields, including five sedimentary basins with a potentially large amount of proven and expected gas and oil bearing seams. The largest and best known are the Caspian (Prikaspiiski), South Mangishlak (Uzhno-Mangishlakski), Ustiurt-Buzachi (Ustiurtsko-Buzachinski), Torgai (Torgaiski), and Chu-Sarisu (Chu-Sarisuiski). Kazakstan is ranked twenty-fourth among the world's 55 oil-producing countries by many analysts. It has about 60 billion barrels of oil reserves. Indeed, it has been estimated by many of the same analysts that the offshore fields in the Caspian Sea, which borders Kazakstan's western territory, contain at least 26.6 billion barrels of extractable oil reserves. Yet in 1994, according to an article in Oil and Gas Journal, the government of the United States stated that it “does not consider Kazakstan as the most important source of oil supplies for the United States; however, Kazakstan might play [an] important role in reduction of the [sic] oil price.” Oil is a vital resource for Kazakstan and its extraction will play a major role in fostering the country's future development and relations with major oil consumers. Accurately estimating Kazakstan's reserves, and its ability to sell it on the world market, remains a major concern for Almaty.

scholarly journals Problems Related to the Registration in Western Canada of Foreign Limited Partnerships and the Ownership by Such Partnerships of Interests in Oil and Gas Leases Issued Pursuant to Section 55 of the Canada Oil and Gas Land Regulations

1972 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
John H. W. Rathwell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Common Method ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Limited Partnership ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Limited Partnerships

This article analyzes the practical problems of the drilling fund—which is becoming an increasingly common method of obtaining financing for the exploration and production of oil and gas. The article discusses whether or not it is necessary to register limited partnership drilling fund formed in the United States under the legislation of Canadian oil and gas jurisdictions, the ability of such limited partnership to carry on business in these jurisdic tions without jeopardizing the limited liability of its limited partners, the number of members that the drilling fund partnerships may have and the name that it may use under the said legislation. The article also considers whether or not drilling fund qualifies under Section 55 of the Canada Oil and Gas Land Regulations.

scholarly journals New Challenges to Transboundary Unitization in the Gulf of Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Olson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
New Technology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Joint Commission ◽  
Boundary Line ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
The Joint Commission

In the last two decades, the search for untapped oil reserves led to many innovations in oil and gas exploration. As new technology continues to open new horizons, oil companies are increasingly able to drill at deeper ocean depths to tap offshore reserves. Offshore drilling poses problems where oil reserves hundreds of miles from shore cross an international boundary line. While American courts typically apply the rule of capture to determine who owns the subsoil resources, international law requires countries to work together to maximize the efficient, safe extraction of the resources. In 2012, the United States and Mexico drafted a treaty that would govern the unitization of an offshore transboundary oil field. Today, Mexico’s energy laws are very different. A new administration threatens to unravel recent liberal reforms, and the United States has become more hostile to Chinese investment in the region. With these political challenges in mind, the treaty is very vague on critical issues, particularly its dispute resolution clause, which the United States and Mexico must strengthen if the treaty is to be effective and shared transboundary resources develop efficiently to the benefit of both nations. The treaty creates a body called the Joint Commission to create much of the treaty’s policy and procedure. In order to maintain good relations and a healthy energy sector, the Joint Commission needs to create subsidiary committees subject to its control and comprised of various experts to ensure the treaty is implemented impartially.

Shale, Quakes, and High Stakes: Regulating Fracking-Induced Seismicity in Oklahoma, USA and Lancashire, UK

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Miriam R. Aczel ◽  
Karen E. Makuch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
High Volume ◽  
The United States ◽  
Horizontal Drilling ◽  
Induced Seismic Activity

High-volume hydraulic fracturing combined with horizontal drilling has “revolutionized” the United States’ oil and gas industry by allowing extraction of previously inaccessible oil and gas trapped in shale rock [1]. Although the United States has extracted shale gas in different states for several decades, the United Kingdom is in the early stages of developing its domestic shale gas resources, in the hopes of replicating the United States’ commercial success with the technologies [2, 3]. However, the extraction of shale gas using hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling poses potential risks to the environment and natural resources, human health, and communities and local livelihoods. Risks include contamination of water resources, air pollution, and induced seismic activity near shale gas operation sites. This paper examines the regulation of potential induced seismic activity in Oklahoma, USA, and Lancashire, UK, and concludes with recommendations for strengthening these protections.

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