Artificial Lift Project in Bekapai Field, A Comprehensive and Challenging Selection Process for Mature Offshore Field

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Artificial Lift ◽  
Natural Flow ◽  
Term Evaluation ◽  
Offshore Field ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gas Lift

Bekapai field was discovered in 1972, production commenced in July 1974 and the peak production was achieved in June 1978. This paper presents a challenging and comprehensive artificial lift selection process in mature offshore field, after produced by natural flow for more than 40 years. The screening process is a very important step for the long term profitability of the field. During the initial screening process, several aspects of subsurface characteristic and surface limitation have been studied to find the feasible artificial lift method. It shows that electric submersible pump (ESP) has several critical limitations to be implemented in this field. A long term evaluation then performed to evaluate the impact of any subsurface and surface variations on the performance of artificial lift. Integrated production model was used to predict the long term performance and ultimate recovery, either naturally or using gas lift and ESP. This model is a numerical simulation to describe the reservoir behavior, production system and find the optimum production strategy by integrating the reservoir models, well models and the surface network model. Impact of any variations in reservoir, well condition and surface parameters are evaluated until end of life or economical limit of this field. Based on this evaluation, gas lift and ESP have higher recovery factor than natural flow condition. The production cumulative is expected increase by more than 40% for the next 10 years. In this simulation also observed that gas oil ratio (GOR) is increasing by time, it’s a critical limitation for ESP. By performing long term evaluation and economical evaluation, it’s confirmed that gas lift is the most feasible artificial lift method for Bekapai field. This comprehensive selection process also ensures the long term profitability of the field.

Wireline Retrievable ESP Deployment: Observation, Challenges and Intervention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadzlan Suhaimin ◽  
Nasir Oritola ◽  
Bo Jun Fang ◽  
Hing Kheong Cheong ◽  
Yung Khiong Chan
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Cost Advantage ◽  
Value Proposition ◽  
Pilot Performance ◽  
Operating Period ◽  
Artificial Lift ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Offshore Field ◽  
Gas Lift

Abstract The Offshore Field X Project comprises of greenfield scope to expand the Waterflood scheme towards delivering the peak production levels similar to those achieved in the 1990s. Although various artificial lift systems have been successfully deployed in Brunei Shell Petroleum, offshore ESP installation, especially on this scale, is a first and a new journey for the company and its Offshore Assets in which gas lift was predominantly the artificial lift method. The first offshore ESP well was only installed and kicked off in 2017 as part of the Field X Project. As wells are located offshore, cost, resources and logistics remain a challenge for well interventions. With a high workover cost associated with conventional ESP change out, a technology trial was embarked upon to install wireline retrievable ESP systems. A total of 4 out of the 22 ESP wells were approved to be installed and completed with wireline retrievable ESP system on a pilot basis. The business goal was to prove the production deferment reduction and cost advantage for a failed ESP replacement. A critical selection process was followed as well as FAT/industry benchmarking in order to land on WRESP decision for the pilot. System installation and commissioning of the wells was completed by June 2019, however a series of start-up problems were encountered, leading to an intervention requirement to rectify 1 well. Job planning for this intervention was not straight forward and was classified as a high-risk job requiring regulator's approval. Rigorous logistics planning, integration of various vendors, detailed workflow analysis, intervention equipment stack up and modifications were among the planning scope conducted. This paper captures details of the deployment value proposition, case success definition and challenges faced in ensuring all the installed WRESPs are up and running to enable the pilot performance proper evaluation. As no full workover has been executed yet due to the limited operating period, a lifecycle comparison between WL retrievable and conventional ESPs has not been done yet. Once sufficient performance data is available, a detailed study will be conducted to assess the performance of the WRESP system. This analysis will then conclude the technology trial and may change the future of ESP wells in BSP and Shell global.

Artificial Lift Optimization for Shallow Carbonate Magwa and Ostracod Formations with Massive Propped Fractures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser AlAskari ◽  
Muhamad Zaki ◽  
Ahmed AlJanahi ◽  
Hamed AlGhadhban ◽  
Eyad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Performance ◽  
Shallow Depth ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Artificial Lift ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Fracture Fluid ◽  
Reservoir Potential ◽  
Gas Lift

Abstract Objectives/Scope: The Magwa and Ostracod formations are tight and highly fractured carbonate reservoirs. At shallow depth (1600-1800 ft) and low stresses, wide, long and conductive propped fracture has proven to be the most effective stimulation technique for production enhancement. However, optimizing flow of the medium viscosity oil (17-27 API gravity) was a challenge both at initial phase (fracture fluid recovery and proppant flowback risks) and long-term (depletion, increasing water cut, emulsion tendency). Methods, Procedures, Process: Historically, due to shallow depth, low reservoir pressure and low GOR, the optimum artificial lift method for the wells completed in the Magwa and Ostracod reservoirs was always sucker-rod pumps (SRP) with more than 300 wells completed to date. In 2019 a pilot re-development project was initiated to unlock reservoir potential and enhance productivity by introducing a massive high-volume propped fracturing stimulation that increased production rates by several folds. Consequently, initial production rates and drawdown had to be modelled to ensure proppant pack stability. Long-term artificial lift (AL) design was optimized using developed workflow based on reservoir modelling, available post-fracturing well testing data and production history match. Results, Observations, Conclusions: Initial production results, in 16 vertical and slanted wells, were encouraging with an average 90 days production 4 to 8 times higher than of existing wells. However, the initial high gas volume and pressure is not favourable for SRP. In order to manage this, flexible AL approach was taken. Gas lift was preferred in the beginning and once the production falls below pre-defined PI and GOR, a conversion to SRP was done. Gas lift proved advantageous in handling solids such as residual proppant and in making sure that the well is free of solids before installing the pump. Continuous gas lift regime adjustments were taken to maximize drawdown. Periodical FBHP surveys were performed to calibrate the single well model for nodal analysis. However, there limitations were present in terms of maximizing the drawdown on one side and the high potential of forming GL induced emulsion on the other side. Horizontal wells with multi-stage fracturing are common field development method for such tight formations. However, in geological conditions of shallow and low temperature environment it represented a significant challenge to achieve fast and sufficient fracture fluid recovery by volume from multiple fractures without deteriorating the proppant pack stability. This paper outlines local solutions and a tailored workflow that were taken to optimize the production performance and give the brown field a second chance. Novel/Additive Information: Overcoming the different production challenges through AL is one of the keys to unlock the reservoir potential for full field re-development. The Magwa and Ostracod formations are unique for stimulation applications for shallow depth and range of reservoirs and fracture related uncertainties. An agile and flexible approach to AL allowed achieving the full technical potential of the wells and converted the project to a field development phase. The lessons learnt and resulting workflow demonstrate significant value in growing AL projects in tight and shallow formations globally.

Long-term evaluation of the impact of delivery modalities on anal continence in women with Crohn's disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mégier ◽  
C. Bourbao-Tournois ◽  
F. Perrotin ◽  
P. Merle ◽  
M. Ouaissi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Anal Continence ◽  
Term Evaluation ◽  
The Impact

A Long Term Evaluation of Photovoltaic Systems under Power Quality Problems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda M. Q. Silva ◽  
Igor A. Pires ◽  
Thales A. C. Maia
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Quality ◽  
Voltage Sag ◽  
Solar Power Plant ◽  
Photovoltaic Generation ◽  
Photovoltaic Power ◽  
Voltage Swell ◽  
Term Evaluation ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents an analysis of a working solar power plant in regards to power quality problem. Instead of focusing on power quality problems that can arise in the grid due to the connection to a photovoltaic power plant, the focus of this paper will be the devices of the power plant. The goal is to understand the impact of power quality events in them, particularly inverters, regardless of their origins - the main grid or the photovoltaic generation. This paper analyzes more than 100 voltage sag events and 30 voltage swell events detected during the operation. It also verifies measurement of voltage THD of approximately 2.2% against IEEE and ICE standards.

Long-term evaluation of the impact of urbanization on chloride levels in lakes in a temperate region

2019 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 285-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Scott ◽  
T. Goulden ◽  
M. Letman ◽  
J. Hayward ◽  
R. Jamieson
Keyword(s):  
Temperate Region ◽  
Term Evaluation ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Impact on CDC Guideline Compliance after Incorporating Pharmacy in a Pneumococcal Vaccination Screening Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 894-900
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Pickren ◽  
Brad Crane
Keyword(s):  
Pneumococcal Vaccine ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
New Process ◽  
Cdc Guidelines ◽  
The Impact

Background Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines for pneumococcal vaccinations were updated in 2014. Given the complexity of the guidelines and the fact that hospitals are no longer required to keep records for pneumococcal vaccinations, many hospitals are determining whether to continue this service. Objective The primary objective of this study was to determine the impact on compliance with the revised pneumococcal vaccination guidelines from the CDC after involving pharmacy in the screening and selection processes. Secondary objectives were to determine the impact of the new process on inappropriate vaccination duplications, the time spent by pharmacy on assessments, and financial outcomes. Methods This institutional review board (IRB)–approved, retrospective, cohort study examined all patients who received a pneumococcal vaccination from January to February 2016 after implementing a new process whereby pharmacy performed pneumococcal vaccination screening and selection (intervention group). These patients were compared to patients who received a pneumococcal vaccination from January to February 2015 (control group). Results Of 274 patients who received a pneumococcal vaccine, 273 were included in the study. Compliance to CDC guidelines increased from 42% to 97%. Noncompliant duplications decreased from 16% to 2%. In the intervention group, labor cost for assessments and expenditure for vaccines increased. For Medicare patients, the increased reimbursement balanced the increased expenditure in the intervention group. Conclusions Involving pharmacy in the pneumococcal vaccine screening and selection process improves compliance to CDC guidelines, but further clinical and financial analysis is needed to determine financial sustainability of the new process.

scholarly journals Efficient Ways to Combat Doping in a Sports Education Context!? A Systematic Review on Doping Prevention Measures Focusing on Young Age Groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Pöppel
Keyword(s):  
School Context ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
The Impact

Youth is characterized by testing and crossing natural boundaries, sometimes with the help of performance-enhancing substances. In this context, doping prevention measures play a crucial role to protect individuals both within and outside the context of elite sport. Based on the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted in the databases ProQuest (ERIC), Scopus, PSYNDEX/PsychInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science Core Collection to provide an overview of the impact of doping prevention measures, with particular attention to the underlying understanding of learning. As a result of the screening process, 30 of the initial 5,591 articles met the previously defined and recorded eligibility criteria. The analysis led to heterogeneous results regarding content, implementation, target group, or outcome variables considered relevant. Two-thirds of the studies related to the competitive sports context. Nevertheless, there has been a growing interest in studying doping prevention and its effects on non-elite athlete target groups in recent years. In terms of effectiveness, many measures did not achieve long-term changes or did not collect any follow-up data. This contrasts with understanding learning as sustained change and reduces the intended long-term protection of prevention measures, especially for adolescent target groups. Even young age groups from 10 years upwards benefited from doping prevention measures, and almost all doping prevention measures enabled their participants to increase their physical and health literacy. No conclusion can be drawn as to whether doping prevention measures based on constructivist ideas are superior to cognitivist approaches or a combination of both. Nevertheless, programs that actively engage their participants appear superior to lecture-based knowledge transfer. Most of the prevention measures offered a benefit-orientation so that participants can achieve added value, besides trying to initiate health-promoting change through rejection. Because of the lack of sustained changes, a further modification in doping prevention seems necessary. The review results support the value of primary prevention. Doping prevention measures should enable tailored learning and development options in the sense of more meaningful differentiation to individual needs. The implementation in a school context or an online setting is promising and sees doping as a problem for society. The review highlights the importance of accompanying evaluation measures to identify efficient prevention components that promote health and protect young people.

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