Characteristics of Facies Associations, Ichnofacies and Microfossils for Depositional Environment Interpretation of The Clastic Pulau Balang Formation, Samarinda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Andika
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Facies Analysis ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Intertidal Flat ◽  
Facies Association ◽  
Facies Associations

The Kutai Basin contains prolific reserves of oil and gas. The study of depositional environments is one of the goals of oil and gas exploration. The location of this research is situated in the Tanah Merah area, Samarinda. The objective of this research was to analyse outcrops of the Pulau Balang Formation exposed in the Tanah Merah area to determine the depositional environment. Site specific studies were conducted at 3 localities in this area; TM1, TM2 and TM3. This study combines geological mapping, measured sections, facies analysis, petrography, ichnofacies analysis and microfossil analysis. Geological mapping was carried out to determine the distribution of rock units and geological structures. Measured sections were used for facies analysis and the identification of sedimentary structures and ichnofacies. Petrography was carried out to determine the mineral content of rocks and microfossil analysis for palaeobathymetric environmental analysis. The geological structure of the study area comprises a NE-SW trending anticline and syncline and a left lateral strike-slip fault with E-W direction. The study area is entirely within the Middle Miocene age Pulau Balang Formation and can be divided into three facies associations. The TM1 facies association comprises strata interpreted to be deposited in a supratidal marsh and intertidal flat environment. The TM2 facies association comprises strata interpreted to be deposited in a subtidal, intertidal, and supratidal environment. The TM3 facies association comprises strata interpreted to be deposited in a shoreface environment. The petrography of the study area indicates that rock units predominantly comprise quartz wacke and lithic wacke. Two ichnofacies were identified in the research area 2, namely the Skolithos ichnofacies and the Skolithos-Cruziana ichnofacies and contain ichnogenera namely Ophiomorpha, Skolithos, Planolites, Thalassinoides, Paaleophycus. Microfossil analysis found benthonic foraminifera species including Nodosaria lamellala, N. radicula, Vaginulinopsis tricarinata, Lagena costata, Striatissima vaginulina, Bulimina lappa, Planularia auris, Quinqueloculina seminulum, Bolivina punctata and Lahena laevis. Based on the presence of these microfossils and ichnofacies, it is interpreted that the research area was deposited in a neritic-bathyal environment.

scholarly journals Facies Analysis of Eocene Sediment of Umuahia Area, Southeastern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
A. C. Ezebunanwa ◽  
J. I. Eronin ◽  
V. Okorie ◽  
E. C. Mbagwu ◽  
Njoku Achu Uchenna
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Facies Analysis ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Facies Association ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Kaolinite Clay ◽  
Fine Grained

This research work is the detailed facies analysis of the depositional environments and paleogeographic setting of the Eocene sedimentary sequence (Ameki Formations) exposed in the Umuahia area and paleoclimate during that periods. The study area was mainly concentrated around Amaudara inUmuahia South and Ekeoha in Umuahia North. And the co-ordinate are as follows,location-1 0.5°30.80N, 0.7°26.93E, location-2 0.5°30.39N, 0.7°26.62E, location-3 0.5° 32.83N, 0.7°27.24 E and location-4 0.5°32.19 N, 0.7°26.13 E. The aim of the study is to analyze the detailed sedimentary facies and describe the depositional environment in other to predict the depositional environment of the Eocene sediment (Ameki Formation) of the study area, which is underlain by rock unit of Ameki and predominately contains Laterite, mudstone, siltstone, claystone, sandstone and shale and Burrows were identified. The rock sequence consist of reddish lateritic material, highly weathered mudstone capped with ripped bedded kaolinite clay unit, light grey claystone, cross-bedded sandstone with claystone, whitish sandstone, siltystone, fine-medium grained sandstone with pockets of mudclast capped with ferruginized ground and dark grey shale. On the basis of gross lithology, sand-silt-clay percentage, color, texture and assemblage of sedimentary structure, eight distinct lithofacies type were recognized, grey shale facie (Gs), clay stone facie (Cs), cross-bedded sandstone facie (Cbs), mudstone facie (Mf), lateritic facie (Lf), mudstone facie (Bms), ferruginized sandstone facie (Fsf), sandstone facie (Bsf) are recognized within the lithosuccesion. From the analysis, the facies are grouped into two facie association on the basis of grain size. The Fine-grained facies association (FFA) which consist of Gs, Cbs, Cs, Mf and Fst and the Medium to Fine-grained facies association (MFA) which also consist of Bms, Bsf and Lf. It also shows medium grained sand, moderately sorted to well sorted sandstone, Skewness ranged from symmetrical to positive skewed and kurtosis showed leptokurtic. Deduction from facies analysis and grain size analysis shows that Ameki Formation consist of foraminifera and Mollusca which indicate that Ameki Formation was deposited in the estuarine(Marine) environment.

scholarly journals Lithofacies And Depositional Analysis Environment Of West Section Kolok Nan Tuo Village, Sawahlunto City, West Of Sumatera

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catur Cahyaningsih ◽  
Anjas Latif Ritonga ◽  
Shaury Aldila ◽  
Zulhikmah Zulhikmah
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Current Flow ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Sedimentary Structures ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Crystalline Limestone ◽  
Analysis Environment

Research areas were located in the west of Kolok Nan Tuo Village. Geographically this area is located at coordinates 00 ° 36'57,85 '' - 00 ° 37'56,89 '' latitude and 100 ° 42'10,08 '' 100 ° 43'47,28 " BT. The methods used in research is geological mapping. Based on the results of stratigraphic research area is divided into three units consist of: Crystalline Limestone Unit (SBGK) consisting Crystalline Limestone of and mudstone lithofacies, Conglomerate Units (SK) consists of polymic conglomerate and sandstones greywacke lithofacies while claystone Unit (SBL) lithofacies  consists of claystone with sedimentary structures is flake. Result of research can interpreted Depositional environment based on type of lithofacies include of grain size, sedimentary structures and content of fossils. SBGK interpretated  depositional environment is a basement of basin, SK depositional environment debris unit limestones can be seen from fragments of conglomerates that many there are crystalline limestones and mudstone that make up the alluvial fan (deposition surface) and lithologies clay from sedimentary structures where rock mudstone generally in doposition the current flow that quiet can form sedimentary structures flake and properties of claystone which carbonated an identifier depositional environments sea so can be determined that the environment in the form of neritic environment.

scholarly journals Facies Analysis and Depositoinal Environment of D-3 Reservoir Sands Vin Field, Eastern Niger Delta

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Onyewuchi, Chinedu Vin ◽  
Minapuye, I. Odigi
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Facies Analysis ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Neutron Density ◽  
Wireline Logs ◽  
Isopach Map

Facies analysis and depositional environment identification of the Vin field was evaluated through the integration and comparison of results from wireline logs, core analysis, seismic data, ditch cutting samples and petrophysical parameters. Well log suites from 22 wells comprising gamma ray, resistivity, neutron, density, seismic data, and ditch cutting samples were obtained and analyzed. Prediction of depositional environment was made through the usage of wireline log shapes of facies combined with result from cores and ditch cuttings sample description. The aims of this study were to identify the facies and depositional environments of the D-3 reservoir sand in the Vin field. Two sets of correlations were made on the E-W trend to validate the reservoir top and base while the isopach map was used to establish the reservoir continuity. Facies analysis was carried out to identify the various depositional environments. The result showed that the reservoir is an elongate , four way dip closed roll over anticline associated with an E-W trending growth fault and contains two structural high separated by a saddle. The offshore bar unit is an elongate sand body with length: width ratio of >3:1 and is aligned parallel to the coast-line. Analysis of the gamma ray logs indicated that four log facies were recognized in all the wells used for the study. These include: Funnel-shaped (coarsening upward sequences), bell-shaped or fining upward sequences, the bow shape and irregular shape. Based on these categories of facies, the depositional environments were interpreted as deltaic distributaries, regressive barrier bars, reworked offshore bars and shallow marine. Analysis of the wireline logs and their core/ditch cuttings description has led to the conclusion that the reservoir sandstones of the Agbada Formation in the Vin field of the eastern Niger Delta is predominantly marine deltaic sequence, strongly influenced by clastic output from the Niger Delta. Deposition occurred in a variety of littoral and neritic environment ranging from barrier sand complex to fully marine outer shelf mudstones.

scholarly journals Toe-of-slope facies of the Eocene limestones in Aghioi Pantes sequence (Zakynthos island, Western Greece)

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 699
Author(s):  
Μ. ΚΑΤΗ
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Facies Analysis ◽  
Facies Association ◽  
Gravity Flows ◽  
Carbonate Sequence ◽  
Western Greece ◽  
Water Carbonate ◽  
Water Facies

The facies analysis of the Eocene limestones in the Aghioi Pantes section in central Zakynthos, part of the Preapulian carbonate sequence in the greater area, showed three megafacies types: a) graded beds, in which two main subtypes have been recognized, medium- to thin-bedded calcarenites-calcilutites and thick-bedded ruditic calcarenites, consisting mainly of redeposited shallow-water carbonate sands (mostly bioclasts of nummulites and echinoids); based on their sedimentary structures they have been interpreted as low density turbidite and high density turbidite (or sandy debris flows) deposits correspondingly, b) calcareous conglomerates consisting of shallow-water facies lithoclasts and abundant pelagic intraclasts all of which have been interpreted as debris flow deposits and c) folded strata of pelagic-hemipelagic composition that have been interpreted as slumps. Subsequently, the studied limestones constitute exclusively deep-water resedimented facies having been deposited mainly through sediment gravity flows, carrying significant amounts of shallow-water bio- lithoclastic material. The distribution and the organization of this facies association, with the dominance in particular of the base cut-out turbidites, suggest as depositional environment of the studied Eocene limestones a "low" in the outer slope connecting the Preapulian platform with the adjacent Ionian basin.

scholarly journals Engineering Geology of Sidosari Area, Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Diyaning Ratri ◽  
I Gde Budi Indrawan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Controlling Factor ◽  
Susceptibility Map ◽  
Residual Soils ◽  
Engineering Geological Mapping ◽  
Groundwater Seepage ◽  
Geological Conditions

Development of settlement area in Sidosari area and the surroundings requires complete understanding of the engineering geological conditions, including susceptibility to landslides, to prevent damaged properties and loss of lives. Surface engineering geological mapping at a 1:25000 scale was conducted to develop a detailed landslide susceptibility map for spatial planning and to identify most controlling factor of landslides in the research area based on conditions of geomorphology, rock and soil, geological structure, groundwater seepage, and land use. The engineering geological mapping showed that landslides commonly occurred in the moderate slopes of the denudational hill landform having slope inclination ranging from 9 to 17°, in the areas covered by residual soils of the vitric tuff 2 unit, in the areas of no groundwater seepage, and in the settlement areas, including in Kranjang Lor area where soil creeping occurred. The high susceptibility zone covered 55.5 % of the research area and was characterized by having slope inclinations ranging from 9 to 35°, engineering geological units of vitric tuff 2 and tuff breccia, and land uses of rice and dry fields and settlement. The low cohesion and very high swelling potential of the residual soils of the vitric tuff 2 unit were considered to be the main controlling factor of landslides in the research area.

scholarly journals Refinement of the petrophysical model of the Achimov formation based on facial analysis of sedimentation conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Guzel R. Vahitova ◽  
Anzhela A. Kazaryan ◽  
Timur F. Khaybullin
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Facies Analysis ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Space Structure ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
The Core ◽  
Promising Source

Aim. Due to the depletion of reserves of the main oil and gas complexes, the greatest interest is attributed to hard-to-recover reserves, complex-built objects of the sedimentary cover, the development of which was unprofitable until recently. One of these is the oil-bearing complex of the Achimov deposits of the Malobalykskoye field in Western Siberia. This article is devoted to the facies analysis and typification of reservoir rocks of the Achimov deposits in order to increase the reliability of determining the boundaries of the reservoirs, their interpretation and assessment of the petrophysical properties of the reservoirs. At the same time, special attention is paid to the facies analysis, which determines the characteristics of the reservoir. The Achimov deposits are a promising source of increasing resources and maintaining production at a high level. With their increasing importance, there are problems that complicate the search and assessment of deposits. Such problems include a high degree of reservoir compartmentalization, sharp facies variability, complex pore space structure, high clay content, low permeability values, etc. Materials and methods. The work is based on a comprehensive interpretation of the data of the lithological description of the core, the results of laboratory studies of the core and well logging data analysis of the Achimov deposits of the Malobalykskoye field. The methods used in the interpretation of GIS data, statistical analysis, comparison. Due to the fact that the reservoir properties of sand bodies are determined by the peculiarities of their formation in different conditions of sedimentation, it is necessary to establish a relationship between the petrophysical characteristics of rocks and their facies nature by substantiating petrofacies models. The use of the latter in geological modeling makes it possible to more effectively predict the reservoir properties (reservoir properties) of various facies lithotypes. Results. The paper presents the results of facies analysis and typification of the reservoirs of the Achimov deposits of the Malobalykskoye field, on the basis of which the boundaries of the reservoirs and the effective oilsaturated thicknesses were refined. Conclusions. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that it is necessary to develop refined petrophysical models for reservoirs with complex geological structure that take into account the facies features of rocks.

scholarly journals Interpretation and Reconstruction of Depositional Environment and Petroleum Source Rock Using Outcrop Gamma-ray Log Spectrometry From the Huai Hin Lat Formation, Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chawisa Phujareanchaiwon ◽  
Piyaphong Chenrai ◽  
Kasira Laitrakull
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Turbidity Currents ◽  
Stratigraphic Framework ◽  
Facies Associations ◽  
Mineral Compositions ◽  
Gamma Ray Log ◽  
Low K

Gamma ray logs are most useful in identifying subsurface lithology and interpreting depositional environments. This study highlights the use of outcrop gamma-ray logs along with outcrop observations and total organic carbon (TOC) analysis to provide the stratigraphic framework of the organic-rich rocks of Huai Hin Lat Formation in central Thailand. The study reveals five sedimentary facies including (1) structureless sandstone, (2) structured sandstone, (3) interbedded sandstone and siltstone, (4) interbedded mudstone and siltstone and (5) calcareous mudstone. These facies can be grouped into two facies associations; mudstone-dominated and sandstone-dominated facies associations. The depositional environment was interpreted as lacustrine basin-fill subdivided into deep lacustrine environment and sublacustrine fan associated with the turbidity currents. The total gamma-log characteristics are closely related to the lithologies controlled primarily by clay mineral compositions. Whist, the use of spectral gamma-ray can reveal more details on depositional environments and conditions. In this study, U concentrations is proven to be useful in highlighting organic-rich rocks in low K and Th concentration successions due to its ability to be fixed in clay minerals and organic materials under an anoxic condition. Thus, the U spectral gamma ray is suggested to combine with conventional gamma ray log for depositional environment and recognition of organic-rich rocks.

Facies architecture of fluviatile deposits of the Jurassic-Cretaceous Bertangga Formation, Peninsular Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 298 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-195
Author(s):  
Hassan Baioumy ◽  
Chong Jing Ting ◽  
Sherif Farouk ◽  
Khaled Al-Kahtany
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Facies Analysis ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Carbonaceous Shale ◽  
Point Bar ◽  
Facies Associations ◽  
Crevasse Splay ◽  
Floodplain Sediments

Bertangga Formation is a part of the Jurassic-Cretaceous non-marine sequences in Thailand and Malaysia. However, its facies analysis and depositional model have not been investigated in detail. Eleven lithofacies have been described in the Bertangga Formation and combined five facies associations including channel, point bar, floodplain, crevasse splay and swamp facies associations. Channel deposits are stacked bodies of fining upward sequences with prevalent erosional bases, formed by vertical aggradation and avulsion of channels. Point bar sands comprise cross bedded sandstone bodies formed in upper flow regime and possible lateral accretion surfaces. Crevasse splay deposits form sheets of fine-to-medium-grained sandstone. Floodplain sediments are composed of motteled grey mudstone. Swamp depositional environment is characterized by an association of coal, carbonaceous shale and siltstone. Facies analysis allows reconstruction of the depositional environment of the Bertangga Formation as a meandering fluvial system. Facies association also shows the increasingly distal and fine-grained trend from west to east of the studied area, which suggests possible eastward paleo-flow direction of the river. The existence of kaolinite in all samples indicates weathering of felsic rocks under acidic conditions. In the same time, the presence of smectite in the eastern part of the study area may suggest a contribution of mafic and/or volcanic rocks to the source of sediments in this area.

Rembang Zone Petroleum Play, Stratigraphic and Petrographic Analysis of Ngrayong Formation as Reservoir, Jamprong Area, Tuban, East Java

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D., S. Reka
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Sandstone Facies

The following research took place in the Jamprong area, Tuban Regency, East Java Province within a study area of 2 km2. Physiographically, the study area is situated in the anticlinorium of the Rembang Zone. This research aims to define the reservoir potential of outcrop samples from the Ngrayong Formation as an analogue for the subsurface. In addition, the depositional environment and the age of the rock in the research area was determined. The Ngrayong Formation is regarded as a potential reservoir in the North East Java Basin. The accumulated data consists of stratigraphy, petrographic analysisand paleontological analysis of rock samples, and geological mapping has been carried out to determine the distribution of rocks. Facies were determined based on outcrop observations and comprise predominantly arkose sandstone facies with fine – coarse grained, moderately sorted and with cross-bedding, herringbone, and lamination, and another facies namely massive carbonate grainstone. Based on these facies, the interpreted depositional environment is the transition of tidal flat to shallow marine carbonate platform with relative biostratigraphic age of Middle Miocene, Langhian to Serravallian (M6-M8 planktonic foraminiferal biozones). Rocks in the study area have porosity >20% or very good and permeability >130 or fair based on petrographic observations, and this supports the interpretation of the Ngrayong Formations as a potential reservoir of hydrocarbons.

scholarly journals Groundwater quality in Ponjong Karst, Gunungkidul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Avellyn Shintya Sari ◽  
Sari Bahagiarti K ◽  
Suharsono Suharsono ◽  
C Prasetyadi
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Active Volcano ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Groundwater Exploration ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Aquifer Systems ◽  
Geological Conditions

The hydrogeological condition of a region is determined by the type of lithology, morphology, and subsurface conditions where the condition is very helpful in the study of groundwater exploration. Especially when we encounter interesting geological conditions when the groundwater exploration in the karst area in which volcanic rocks are resulting from the activities of the active volcano in the past. Groundwater exploration at Ponjong area and surrounding does have its special characteristics, because it has 2 different rock characteristics where the northern part of the research area in the form of a karst area (limestone of Wonosari Formation) while the southern part is an area of ancient volcanoes with dominant volcanic rocks from Wuni Formation, As for the research on the above and subsurface research area where the research is conducted based on surface geology mapping, geoelectric data collection, and groundwater sampling. Geological mapping includes geomorphological data, stratigraphy, and geological structure. The aquifer system of the research area can be divided into two systems, inter-grain aquifer systems, and fracture aquifer systems. Overall quality groundwater in the research area is quite good. Ponjong District there are mining activities that have resulted in changes in the land use system in the area. This can cause changes in the water surplus in the area due to the changing catchment area.

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