An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Sex Offender Notification on Recidivism : using propensity score weighting method

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-105
Author(s):  
YoungJae Lee ◽  
Byungbae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
Propensity Score Weighting ◽  
Sex Offender Notification

scholarly journals Applications of the propensity score weighting method in psychogeriatric research: correcting selection bias and adjusting for confounders

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 703-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Chou H. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Selection Bias ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
Propensity Score Weighting ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Exposure Variable

The propensity score (PS) weighting method is an analytic technique that has been applied in multiple fields for a number of purposes. Here, we discuss two common applications, which are (1) to correct for selection bias and (2) to adjust for confounding variables when estimating the effect of an exposure variable on the outcome of interest.

Abstract P187: Pre-kidney Transplant Medical Arterial Calcification as a Risk for Post-transplant Mortality by a Propensity Score Weighting Analysis

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekamol Tantisattamo ◽  
Natnicha Leelaviwat ◽  
Chawit Lopimpisuth ◽  
Sakditad Saowapa ◽  
Natchaya Polpichai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Arterial Calcification ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Propensity Score Weighting ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Dialysis Vintage ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Medial Arterial Calcification

Introduction: Medial arterial calcification (MAC) detected in the breast by mammography (MG) is exclusively medial and associated with cardiovascular mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This association is unclear in renal transplant recipients (RTR). Hypothesis: By comparing groups of study population balanced by propensity score weighting method, MAC is associated with an increased risk of post-transplant mortality. Methods: Female RTR was divided into 2 groups per presence or absence of pre-transplant MAC examined from MG (MAC and non-MAC), and both groups was balanced with by PS weighting leading to a new study population. Association between MAC and post-transplant mortality of the new study population was examined by multi-variable logistic regression analysis. Results: Of 51 patients, mean age±SD was 57.08±10.47 years old. The majority were white (54.9%) followed by African American (35.3%) and others (9.8%). Incidence rate of mortality was 0.0307 person-years. Median time to follow-up was 3.95 years (range 0.22 to 6.37). Among 20 patients in MAC group, 5 patients died; whereas, only 1 out of 31 patients in non-MAC died (25% vs. 3.23%, p 0.029). Baseline characteristics of both groups were not equal. After using PS weights with generalized boosted modeling, new study population’s characteristics were balanced (Figure 1). MAC is associated with 5.97 times higer the odd of morality compared to non-MAC, but the association was not significant (OR 5.97; 95%CI 0.61, 58.77). After adjusted for age, race, causes of ESRD, dialysis modality, dialysis vintage, donor type, donor age, and type of immunosuppressive medications, the magnitude of the association was increased and becomes significant (OR 38.40; 95%CI 2.44, 604.54). Conclusions: Similar to ESRD, MAC remains associated with higher mortality in RTR and this association is confirmed by well-matched study population. Prevention of pre-transplant MAC should be pursued to mitigate poor post-transplant outcomes.

scholarly journals Estimating the causal effects of modifiable, non-genetic factors on Huntington disease progression using propensity score weighting

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Beth Ann Griffin ◽  
Marika Suttorp Booth ◽  
Monica Busse ◽  
Edward J. Wild ◽  
Claude Setodji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Huntington Disease ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Propensity Score Weighting

Association of Body Mass Index With Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction Treated With Sacubitril/Valsartan

2021 ◽  
pp. 107424842110244
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Kido ◽  
Christopher Bianco ◽  
Marco Caccamo ◽  
Wei Fang ◽  
George Sokos
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
Propensity Score Weighting ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure

Background: Only limited data are available that address the association between body mass index (BMI) and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction who are receiving sacubitril/valsartan. Methods: We performed a retrospective multi-center cohort study in which we compared 3 body mass index groups (normal, overweight and obese groups) in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction receiving sacubitril/valsartan. The follow-up period was at least 1 year. Propensity score weighting was performed. The primary outcomes were hospitalization for heart failure and all-cause mortality. Results: Of the 721 patients in the original cohort, propensity score weighting generated a cohort of 540 patients in 3 groups: normal weight (n = 78), overweight (n = 181), and obese (n = 281). All baseline characteristics were well-balanced between 3 groups after propensity score weighting. Among our results, we found no significant differences in hospitalization for heart failure (normal weight versus overweight: average hazard ratio [AHR] 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.76-2.20, P = 0.35; normal weight versus obese: AHR 1.04, 95% CI = 0.63-1.70, P = 0.88; overweight versus obese groups: AHR 0.81, 95% CI = 0.54-1.20, P = 0.29) or all-cause mortality (normal weight versus overweight: AHR 0.99, 95% CI = 0.59-1.67, P = 0.97; normal weight versus obese: AHR 0.87, 95% CI = 0.53-1.42, P = 0.57; overweight versus obese: AHR 0.87, 95% CI = 0.58-1.32, P = 0.52). Conclusion: We identified no significant associations between BMI and clinical outcomes in patients diagnosed with heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction who were treated with sacubitril/valsartan. A large-scale study should be performed to verify these results.

Sex Offender Notification and Protective Behavior

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Simpson Beck ◽  
Lawrence F. Travis
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
Community Notification ◽  
Protective Behavior ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Reporting Behavior ◽  
Precautionary Behavior ◽  
Sex Offender Notification ◽  
Hamilton County

A primary purpose of sex offender community notification statutes is to give community members the opportunity to engage in precautionary behavior to prevent victimization. This exploratory study examines the effect of notification by comparing the behavior of 87 Hamilton County, Ohio, residents receiving sex offender notification to the behavior of 149 other residents who had not received notification. The findings indicate that notified respondents are significantly more likely to engage in behaviors to protect themselves and others from victimization, and to engage in community reporting behavior.

scholarly journals Varicella zoster virus infections increase the risk of disease flares in patients with SLE: a matched cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangfang Sun ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
Wanlong Wu ◽  
Li Guo ◽  
Wenwen Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Propensity Score Weighting ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Disease

ObjectiveTo explore whether varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection could increase the risk of disease flares in patients with SLE.MethodsPatients who had VZV reactivations between January 2013 and April 2018 were included from the SLE database (n=1901) of Shanghai Ren Ji Hospital, South Campus. Matched patients with SLE were selected as background controls with a 3:1 ratio. Patients with SLE with symptomatic bacterial infections of the lower urinary tract (UTI) were identified as infection controls. Baseline period and index period were defined as 3 months before and after infection event, respectively. Control period was the following 3 months after the index period. Flare was defined by SELENA SLEDAI Flare Index. Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cox regression model and propensity score weighting were applied.ResultsPatients with VZV infections (n=47), UTI controls (n=28) and matched SLE background controls (n=141) were included. 16 flares (34%) in the VZV group within the index period were observed, as opposed to only 7.1% in UTI controls and 9.9% in background controls. Kaplan-Meier curve revealed that patients with a VZV infection had a much lower flare-free survival within the index period compared with the controls (p=0.0003). Furthermore, after adjusting for relevant confounders including baseline disease activity and intensity of immunosuppressive therapy, Cox regression analysis and propensity score weighting confirmed that VZV infection within 3 months was an independent risk factor for SLE flares (HR 3.70 and HR 4.16, respectively).ConclusionsIn patients with SLE, recent VZV infection within 3 months was associated with increased risk of disease flares.

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