The relation between heat strain and hydration status in the food industry employees in Mashhad, 2014

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Bolghanabadi ◽  
◽  
Aliakbar Mohammadi ◽  
Baharam Kohnavard ◽  
Mohamadbagher Delkhosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Heat Strain ◽  
Hydration Status

A Field Evaluation of Construction Workers’ Activity, Hydration Status, and Heat Strain in the Extreme Summer Heat of Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 522-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al-Bouwarthan ◽  
Margaret M Quinn ◽  
David Kriebel ◽  
David H Wegman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Heat Strain ◽  
Construction Workers ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Summer Heat ◽  
Cardiovascular Strain ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Abstract Objectives Assess the impact of summer heat exposure (June–September) on residential construction workers in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia by evaluating (i) heart rate (HR) responses, hydration status, and physical workload among workers in indoor and outdoor construction settings, (ii) factors related to physiological responses to work in hot conditions, and (iii) how well wet-bulb globe temperature-based occupational exposure limits (WBGTOELs) predict measures of heat strain. Methods Twenty-three construction workers (plasterers, tilers, and laborers) contributed 260 person-days of monitoring. Workload energy expenditure, HR, fluid intake, and pre- and postshift urine specific gravity (USG) were measured. Indoor and outdoor heat exposures (WBGT) were measured continuously and a WBGTOEL was calculated. The effects of heat exposure and workload on heart rate reserve (HRR), a measure of cardiovascular strain, were examined with linear mixed models. A metric called ‘heat stress exceedance’ (HSE) was constructed to summarize whether the environmental heat exposure (WBGT) exceeded the heat stress exposure limit (WBGTOEL). The sensitivity and specificity of the HSE as a predictor of cardiovascular strain (HRR ≥30%) were determined. Results The WBGTOEL was exceeded frequently, on 63 person-days indoors (44%) and 91(78%) outdoors. High-risk HRR occurred on 26 and 36 person-days indoors and outdoors, respectively. The HSE metric showed higher sensitivity for HRR ≥30% outdoors (89%) than indoors (58%) and greater specificity indoors (59%) than outdoors (27%). Workload intensity was generally moderate, with light intensity work more common outdoors. The ability to self-pace work was associated with a lower frequency of HRR ≥30%. USG concentrations indicated that workers began and ended their shifts dehydrated (USG ≥1.020). Conclusions Construction work where WBGTOEL is commonly exceeded poses health risks. The ability of workers to self-pace may help reduce risks.

Heat Strain and Hydration Status of Surface Mine Blast Crew Workers

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Hunt ◽  
Anthony W. Parker ◽  
Ian B. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Heat Strain ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Surface Mine

scholarly journals A protocol for an observational cohort study of heat strain and its effect on fetal wellbeing in pregnant farmers in The Gambia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Ana Bonell ◽  
Jane Hirst ◽  
Ana M. Vicedo-Cabrera ◽  
Andy Haines ◽  
Andrew M. Prentice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Heat Strain ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Fetal Wellbeing

Introduction: Climate change predictions indicate that global temperatures are likely to exceed those seen in the last 200,000 years, rising by around 4°C above pre-industrial levels by 2100 (without effective mitigation of current emission rates). In regions of the world set to experience extreme temperatures, women often work outside in agriculture even during pregnancy. The implications of heat strain in pregnancy on maternal health and pregnancy outcome are not well understood. This protocol describes a study to assess the physiological response of pregnant women to environmental heat stress and the immediate effect this has on fetal wellbeing. Methods and analysis: The study will be performed in West Kiang district, The Gambia; a semi-arid zone in West Africa with daily maximum temperatures ranging from approximately 32 to 40°C. We will recruit 125 pregnant women of all ages who perform agricultural work during their pregnancy. Participants will be followed every two months until delivery. At each study visit fetal growth will be measured by ultrasound scan. During the course of their working day we will take the following measurements: continuous maternal physiological measurements (heart rate, respiratory rate, chest skin temperature and tri-axis accelerometer data); intermittent maternal tympanic core temperature, four point skin temperature, blood pressure; intermittent fetal heart rate and, if eligible, umbilical artery doppler; intermittent environmental measurements of air temperature, humidity, solar radiation and wind speed. Venous blood and urine will be collected at beginning and end of day for biomarkers of heat strain or fetal distress and hydration status.

scholarly journals A protocol for an observational cohort study of heat strain and its effect on fetal wellbeing in pregnant farmers in The Gambia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Ana Bonell ◽  
Jane Hirst ◽  
Ana M. Vicedo-Cabrera ◽  
Andy Haines ◽  
Andrew M. Prentice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Heat Strain ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Fetal Wellbeing

Introduction: Climate change predictions indicate that global temperatures are likely to exceed those seen in the last 200,000 years, rising by around 4°C above pre-industrial levels by 2100 (without effective mitigation of current emission rates). In regions of the world set to experience extreme temperatures, women often work outside in agriculture even during pregnancy. The implications of heat strain in pregnancy on maternal health and pregnancy outcome are not well understood. This protocol describes a study to assess the physiological response of pregnant women to environmental heat stress and the immediate effect this has on fetal wellbeing. Methods and analysis: The study will be performed in West Kiang district, The Gambia; a semi-arid zone in West Africa with daily maximum temperatures ranging from approximately 32 to 40°C. We will recruit 125 pregnant women of all ages who perform agricultural work during their pregnancy. Participants will be followed every two months until delivery. At each study visit fetal growth will be measured by ultrasound scan. During the course of their working day we will take the following measurements: continuous maternal physiological measurements (heart rate, respiratory rate, chest skin temperature and tri-axis accelerometer data); intermittent maternal tympanic core temperature, four point skin temperature, blood pressure; intermittent fetal heart rate and, if eligible, umbilical artery doppler; intermittent environmental measurements of air temperature, humidity, solar radiation and wind speed. Venous blood and urine will be collected at beginning and end of day for biomarkers of heat strain or fetal distress and hydration status.

scholarly journals Hiking Time Trial Performance in the Heat with Real-Time Observation of Heat Strain, Hydration Status and Fluid Intake Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4086
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Linsell ◽  
Emily C. Pelham ◽  
David M. Hondula ◽  
Floris C. Wardenaar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Heat Strain ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Physiological Outcomes ◽  
Similar Body

This study investigated the real-time progression of heat strain in mountain hikers during time trials (TT). Participants (n = 12; 7M/5F; age 21.6 ± 2.47) attempted to climb Tempe Butte (~1.1 mi) four times in HOT and MOD trials (wet bulb globe temperature 31.6 °C vs. 19.0 °C). Performance, physiological outcomes, and fluid intake behavior were measured in real-time. Hot conditions significantly impaired hiking TT performance by 11%, reduced aerobic capacity by 7%, increased peak rate of perceived exertion (RPE) by 19%, and elevated core temperature (Tc) by 0.7 °C compared to MOD (all p < 0.03). Less-aerobically-fit participants were most negatively-affected by heat stress. Based on sweat lost, participants in HOT required 2.26 ± 0.91 L of fluids, brought 1.52 ± 0.83 L, and consumed 1.54 ± 0.49 L, losing an average of 1.1% ± 1.0%BM. Participants in MOD required 1.28 ± 0.39 L of fluids, brought 1.57 ± 1.09 L, and consumed 0.79 ± 0.57 L, losing an average of 1.0% ± 0.8%BM. Morning-after urine specific gravity (USG) values revealed 75% of hikers were hypohydrated (USG ≥ 1.020) after HOT; 67% after MOD. Heat stress impairs hiking TT performance while increasing RPE and Tc. Fitter participants showed less performance and physiological impairment from heat stress. Although hikers in both conditions lost similar body weight, hikers were limited in HOT by fluid availability, whereas in MOD, fluid was available and dehydration was voluntary.

scholarly journals Independent and interactive effects of incremental heat strain, orthostatic stress, and mild hypohydration on cerebral perfusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (3) ◽  
pp. R415-R426 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. I. Lucas ◽  
L. C. Wilson ◽  
P. N. Ainslie ◽  
J. L. Fan ◽  
K. N. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Cerebral Perfusion ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
Lower Body Negative Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Heat Strain ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Arterial Blood

The purpose of this study was to identify the dose-dependent effects of heat strain and orthostasis [via lower body negative pressure (LBNP)], with and without mild hypohydration, on systemic function and cerebral perfusion. Eleven men (means ± SD: 27 ± 7 y; body mass 77 ± 6 kg), resting supine in a water-perfused suit, underwent progressive passive heating [0.5°C increments in core temperature (Tc; esophageal to +2.0°C)] while euhydrated (EUH) or hypohydrated (HYPO; 1.5–2% body mass deficit). At each thermal state, mean cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAvmean; transcranial Doppler), partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide ([Formula: see text]), heart rate (HR) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP; photoplethysmography) were measured continuously during LBNP (0, −15, −30, and −45 mmHg). Four subjects became intolerant before +2.0°C Tc, unrelated to hydration status. Without LBNP, decreases in [Formula: see text] accounted fully for reductions in MCAvmeanacross all Tc. With LBNP at heat tolerance (+1.5 or +2.0°C), [Formula: see text] accounted for 69 ± 25% of the change in MCAvmean. The HYPO condition did not affect MCAvmeanor any cardiovascular variables during combined LBNP and passive heat stress (all P > 0.13). These findings indicate that hypocapnia accounted fully for the reduction in MCAvmeanwhen passively heat stressed in the absence of LBNP and for two- thirds of the reduction when at heat tolerance combined with LBNP. Furthermore, when elevations in Tcare matched, mild hypohydration does not influence cerebrovascular or cardiovascular responses to LBNP, even when stressed by a combination of hyperthermia and LBNP.

scholarly journals The Relation between Heat strain and hydration status among

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Bolghanabadi ◽  
Mehdi Pour ◽  
Ali Akbar Mohamadi ◽  
Mahdi Tizro ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Strain ◽  
Hydration Status

Where’s the fat? Freeze-fracture analysis of ingredient interactions in food systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 48-49
Author(s):  
Jean Fincher
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Fat Reduction ◽  
Important Trend ◽  
Conventional Foods ◽  
Whipped Cream

An important trend in the food industry today is reduction in the amount of fat in manufactured foods. Often fat reduction is accomplished by replacing part of the natural fat with carbohydrates which serve to bind water and increase viscosity. It is in understanding the roles of these two major components of food, fats and carbohydrates, that freeze-fracture is so important. It is well known that conventional fixation procedures are inadequate for many food products, in particular, foods with carbohydrates as a predominant structural feature. For some food science applications the advantages of freeze-fracture preparation procedures include not only the avoidance of chemical fixatives, but also the opportunity to control the temperature of the sample just prior to rapid freezing.In conventional foods freeze-fracture has been used most successfully in analysis of milk and milk products. Milk gels depend on interactions between lipid droplets and proteins. Whipped emulsions, either whipped cream or ice cream, involve complex interactions between lipid, protein, air cell surfaces, and added emulsifiers.

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