scholarly journals La métaphore dans le poème Océan de Victor Hugo

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 00009
Author(s):  
Bagas Anugrah Perdana ◽  
Myrna Laksman-Huntley
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Victor Hugo ◽  
Second Empire ◽  
Font Size ◽  
French Society ◽  
Poetic Structure ◽  
The Third ◽  
Romantic Poet ◽  
Napoleon Iii ◽  
Almost All

<p class="Abstract">Victor Hugo is one of the romantic poets who has experience in&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 1rem;">politics. He criticized the Second Empire and Napoleon III almost all&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">his life and his criticism became the cause of his exile. The third series&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">of La Légende des Sièclesis the last book of poetry published before the&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">death of Victor Hugo. Océan is an example of a poem in the third series&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">that presents a contradiction between small and large spaces,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">restrictions and extensions. This article will link the meaning and&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">function of the metaphor and structure of the poem used by Victor&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">Hugo in the poem Océan with his personal life and historical context.&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">This study uses qualitative methods with techniques for the study of&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">literature. Through the analysis of the metaphorical function of Camp&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">(2003) and the poetic structure of Schmitt and Viala (1982), Océan&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">reflects Hugo as an innovative romantic poet who differs from the&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">rules of classicism and he has placed the ocean and humans in the&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">poem as representatives of Napoleon III specifically and the monarchy&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">in general and French society in those days. The metaphors are used&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">to describe the nature of the French government at that time.</span></p>

Victor Hugo's Theatrical Royalties during his Exile Years

1982 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
Pierre L. Horn
Keyword(s):  
Victor Hugo ◽  
Second Empire ◽  
Napoleon Iii ◽  
History Of

It is commonly known that Victor Hugo felt only contempt and hatred for Napoleon III and his Second Empire, so readers of Hugo's History of a Crime might easily expect that the Emperor's vengeful wrath would fall on the poet. However, far from trying to destroy Hugo financially, Napoleon not only allowed the sale of numerous of his masterpieces in France (with the exception of Châtiments and other writings considered insulting to the regime) but he did not interfere with the performance of the Hugolian repertoire on the stage of Parisian theatres.

Piety and Politics in Nineteenth Century Poitiers: The Cult of St Radegund

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-81
Author(s):  
Brian Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Third Republic ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Second Empire ◽  
French Society ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pius Ix ◽  
The Middle Ages

St Radegund, a sixth-century royal ascetic who relinquished her position as the wife of a Frankish king and established a convent in Poitiers, is today a rather obscure French local saint. Yet in the nineteenth century, as a result of the tireless promotion of her cult by Édouard Pie, bishop of Poitiers from 1849 to 1880, St Radegund was widely invoked in France as ‘la sainte reine de la France’ and ‘la mère de la patrie’. Her wonder-working tomb, a popular devotional site in the Middle Ages, offered cures and Pie saw to it that the pilgrim trains to Lourdes made an obligatory prayer-stop at Poitiers. This article analyses devotion to St Radegund during the Second Empire and the Third Republic and explores some of the religious and political connotations of the cult of this royal saint. The development of the cult is particularly significant for it allows us to see, reflected on the local level, something of the larger struggle for national self-definition that was taking place in nineteenth-century French society as royalists contended with Bonapartists and republicans, clericals waged war against secularists and the ultramontanes sought to rouse their fellow countrymen in support of Pius IX.

The Return of N’Guyen Van Binh

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Geoff Read
Keyword(s):  
Third Republic ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Political Prisoner ◽  
Second Empire ◽  
Indentured Servitude ◽  
The Third ◽  
Original Sentence ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
One Year

This article explores the case of N’Guyen Van Binh, a South Vietnamese political prisoner exiled for his alleged role in “Poukhombo’s Rebellion” in Cambodia in 1866. Although Van Binh’s original sentence of exile was reduced to one year in prison he was nonetheless deported and disappeared into the maw of the colonial systems of indentured servitude and forced labor; he likely did not survive the experience. He was thus the victim of injustice and his case reveals the at best haphazard workings of the French colonial bureaucracy during the period of transition from the Second Empire to the Third Republic. While the documentary record is entirely from the perspective of the colonizers, reading between the lines we can also learn something about Van Binh himself including his fierce will to resist his colonial oppressors.

The Making of a Cause Lawyer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Meierhenrich
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Social Democracy ◽  
Early Years ◽  
World War ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nazi Era

This chapter provides the biographical and historical context necessary for understanding Fraenkel and his time. The analysis is organized into three sections: his early years, the Weimar Years, and the Nazi years. In the first section, I trace Fraenkel’s upbringing in a secular household influenced by the so-called Jewish Enlightenment, or Haskalah; explore the origins of his life-long predilection for social democracy; and recount the intellectual effects of his military service in World War I. In the second section, I reconstruct Fraenkel’s education and socialization as a young lawyer and interpret Fraenkel’s most important Weimar-era writings. I explicate the roles they played in preparing the ground for the writing of The Dual State. In the third section, finally, I commence my analysis of Fraenkel’s Nazi-era thought and conduct up until his escape to freedom in 1938.

Women’s Liberation and the Agrarian Question: Insights from Peasant Movements in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-40
Author(s):  
Archana Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Social Transformation ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Class Consciousness ◽  
Land Reforms ◽  
Agrarian Question ◽  
The Third ◽  
Peasant Movements ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The Relationship

This article explores some questions arising from recent debates on patriarchy and capitalism. The focus is on the role of women in communist-led peasant movements in India and the implications of such struggles on the project of women’s emancipation. The first section lays out a framework for discussing the interface between class consciousness and the anti-patriarchal project, whereby patriarchy is located within the structural contradictions arising out of the contestations within the process of accumulation. The second section documents the historical context, focusing on the relationship between land reforms and social transformation in semi-feudal and early capitalist contexts, and analyzes the extent to which communist-led struggles are anti-patriarchal in character. The third section turns to the participation of women in the contemporary struggles of both agricultural workers and peasant movements and underlines the new emerging dialectics between women’s and peasant organizations under a neoliberal state and with deepening agrarian distress.

Unresolved Questions of German Medicine and Medical History in the Past and Present

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Kater
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Weimar Republic ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Second Empire ◽  
Sociology Of Medicine ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Victim Status ◽  
The Third Reich

While in recent years a great deal has been written to clarify Germany's medical past, the picture is not yet complete in several important respects. In the realm of the sociology of medicine, for example, we still do not know enough about physicianpatient relationships from, say, the founding of the Second Empire to the present. On the assumption, based on the meager evidence available, that this relationship had an authoritarian structure from the physician on downward, did it have anything to do with the shape of German medicine in the Weimar Republic and, later, the Third Reich? Another relative unknown is the role of Jews in the development of medicine as a profession in Germany. Surely volumes could be written on the significant influence Jews have exerted on medicine in its post-Wilhelmian stages, as well as the irreversible victim status Jewish doctors were forced to assume after Hitler's ascension to power

Clochards, Commercials, Cohabitation, Continuity, and Change, a Summary of Colloquia Held at the Institute of French Studies, New York University, Autumn 1986

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (x) ◽  
pp. 341-352
Author(s):  
Melissa Clegg
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Professor Emeritus ◽  
Second Empire ◽  
New York University ◽  
Fifth Republic ◽  
French Studies ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Napoleon Iii ◽  
The University

Since the founding of the Fifth Republic Paris has been rebuilt to an extent only the reconstructions of the Second Empire under Napoleon III could match. The story of its rebuilding—told by David Pinkney, Professor Emeritus of History at the University of Washington—could serve as a fable with a moral about the whole of French cultural and political life for the last twenty-five years. De Gaulle began the transformation of Paris by deregulating the building industry. The threats of that policy to the historical character of the city eventually provoked, under Giscard d’Estaing and Mitterrand, a return to the centrist practices of a state accustomed to regulation.

scholarly journals THE LOCATION OF THE XANTHATE GROUPS IN PARTLY SUBSTITUTED CELLULOSE XANTHATES

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1522-1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Swan ◽  
C. B. Purves
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Lead Tetraacetate ◽  
Degree Of Substitution ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Primary Position ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
The Third ◽  
Almost All

Cellulose sodium xanthates of degree of substitution (D.S.) 0.4 to 0.66 were methylated to xanthate S-methyl esters which were then acetylated completely, the final xanthate D.S. remaining close to the original value. Dexanthation with aqueous chlorine dioxide near pH 4.5 and −5° removed almost all of the S-methyl xanthate groups, but the loss of a few acetyl groups from, and the retention of 1 to 2% of sulphur in, the resulting cellulose acetate could not be avoided. The original xanthate groups were presumably represented in this acetate as unsubstituted hydroxyl groups, and these were located by standard methods involving tosylation–iodination, tritylation, and oxidations with lead tetraacetate. Xanthate groups appeared to occupy the third and sixth, but not the second, position in the cellulose, and 53 to 61% of the substituent was in the sixth or primary position; one sample of viscose was "ripened" before the cellulose sodium xanthate was isolated, and the value was 81%. The results were of a preliminary nature, because severe technical difficulties reduced their reliability.

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