scholarly journals Resistance and Local Control of American Multicultural Education in the Era of Globalization

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 00011
Author(s):  
Irma Febriyanti
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Multicultural Education ◽  
School Board ◽  
Local Control ◽  
School System ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Global Movement ◽  
American Schools

This paper focuses on the process and result of creating a local control and the development of American schools in Newark, New Jersey. Being poor and insecure neighborhoods, Newark also has a 25 percent higher crime rate than the national average in the US which affects the school system, especially to the minorities. A disproportionate impact on minorities happens because of Newark’s population is 75 percent Black and Hispanic. As the ¾ part of the population, the minorities in Newark had not been able to decide their school system based on the locals’ needs. As a result, for decades, the education was mired by corruption, crumbling facilities, and low-performing students. There has been a debate about how the residents of Newark may be able to control Newark Public Schools and why they should gain control of their school board. Being able to regain control of its school board means having their rights to education granted: to adapt and experience American education equally. Controlling the school board has been central to Newark public schools since it is the only way to produce school policies. Globalization in education is not only a global movement of cultural influences, but also the framework of U.S. public schools for its multiculturalism as the country develops its public education system. Therefore, the question asked by this paper is that how education policies can be obtained.

Redesigning Urban Districts in the USA: Mayoral Accountability and the Diverse Provider Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth K. Wong
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
School Board ◽  
School System ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Teachers Union ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Urban Districts ◽  
Big City ◽  
The Usa

In response to public pressure, urban districts in the USA have initiated reforms that aim at redrawing the boundaries between the school system and other major local institutions. More specifically, this article focuses on two emerging reform strategies. We will examine an emerging model of governance that enables big-city mayors to establish authority over the school system, a significant departure from the dominant practice of district governance under an independently elected school board. Mayors in New York, Chicago, Boston and Washington DC, among others, have taken control over the school system with the authority to appoint the school board and/or the superintendent. Further, this article examines a reform strategy that allows for a closer working partnership between public schools and outside providers. This ‘diverse provider’ strategy significantly shifts power from traditionally powerful stakeholders (such as organized teachers’ union) by enabling non-profit and for-profit organizations to manage schools and other services. To illustrate the design and implementation of this type of reform, we will discuss the experience in Chicago (a mayor-led district) and Philadelphia (a district jointly governed by the governor and the mayor). In short, mayoral accountability and the diverse provider model constitute the latest reconfigurations in urban school governance in the USA.

Muslim Parents' Activism in the Multicultural Education (MCE) Curriculum

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-89
Author(s):  
Gulafshan Alavi
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Multicultural Education ◽  
School System ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Public School System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Diversity Curriculum ◽  
Perceptions Of School

The purpose of this paper is to study the role of parental involvementin the public school system and its effects on Muslim students'achievements, their perceptions of school culture, and the feeling in thecommunity-at-large about Islam. The study analyzes two neighboringcommunities of Muslims in the State of Connecticut, Stamford andNorwalk. The paper also studies the Multicultural Education(MCE)/Diversity curriculum in public schools to find effective waysfor Muslim parents to become involved in their children's education. Inthis context, an examination will be made of education issues affectingMuslim families: ways of increasing achievement scores; the roleplayed by the socio-economic status of a student and hisher schoolingexperience; the importance of the teacher; and the positive relationshipbetween the MCEDversity curriculum and the ideals of democracythat we cherish in this country.

Beyond 1968

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Conway
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
School Board ◽  
Black Community ◽  
School System ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Martin Luther ◽  
Political Mobilization ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Holiday Season ◽  
Martin Luther King

In the aftermath of the sanitation strike and the assassination of Martin Luther King, the black community in Memphis achieved an unprecedented political mobilization, especially through the NAACP’s “Black Monday” protest. This essay employs local archival collections, newspapers, and personal interviews to show that in less than two months, the NAACP was able to create a unified front within the black community that forced rapid changes in the Memphis school system. While the NAACP organized downtown marches, pickets, and Monday boycotts of public schools, black youths vandalized schools and businesses before the approaching holiday season. At its height, more than 66,000 students and 600 teachers missed school to support the protest. By the time the boycott ended, the school board agreed to appoint two black advisers, a black assistant superintendent, and a black coordinator. The Black Monday protest was successful, but it also exposed the limitations of coalitions in the Black Power era, as moderates and radicals struggled to find common ground.

scholarly journals Multicultural education development; Phylosophy and implementation

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
M. Ainul Yaqin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Multicultural Education ◽  
Educational Philosophy ◽  
Educational Strategy ◽  
American Government ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Education Development ◽  
American Schools

The discussion over the idea of multicultural education has never been finished. Multicultural education is an educational philosophy and practical educational strategy that has been well developed in United States. It has been being developed in some countries, and so is Indonesia. The American schools have been developed and implemented the idea of multicultural education and the American government has supported them by giving multicultural values on education policies. In some Indonesian schools, it has also been tried to apply multicultural education, but there are some problems in developing and implementing it, because of the lack of experience in it and the supports from government.Pembahasan atas gagasan pendidikan multikultural tidak pernah selesai. Pendidikan multikultural adalah Filsafat Pendidikan dan Strategi Pendidikan Praktis yang telah berkembang dengan baik di Amerika Serikat. Hal ini telah dikembangkan di beberapa negara, dan begitu juga Indonesia. Sekolah-sekolah di Amerika telah dikembangkan dan diterapkan gagasan pendidikan multikultural dan pemerintah Amerika memberikan dukungan dengan menempatkan nilai-nilai multikultural pada kebijakan pendidikan mereka. Di beberapa sekolah-sekolah di Indonesia juga telah dicoba penerapan pendidikan multikultural, tetapi terdapat banyak persoalan di dalam pengembangan dan penerapannya, karena kurangnya pengalaman dalam pengembangannya dan dukungan dari pemerintah.

American Dream and Public Schools

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Hochschild ◽  
Nathan Scovronick
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Multicultural Education ◽  
Ability Grouping ◽  
American Dream ◽  
School Funding ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Ideology ◽  
Individual Success ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Apparent Conflict

Why is education policy so contentious? Do conflicts over specific issues in schooling have anything in common? Are there general principles that can help us resolve these disputes? In this book the authors find the source of many debates over schooling in the multiple goals and internal contradictions of the national ideology we call the American dream. They also propose a framework for helping Americans get past acrimonious debates in order to help all children learn. The American Dream and the Public Schools examines issues that have excited and divided Americans for years, including desegregation, school funding, testing, vouchers, bilingual education, multicultural education, and ability grouping. These seem to be separate problems, but much of the contention over them comes down to the same thing--an apparent conflict, rooted in the American dream, between policies designed to promote each student's ability to pursue success and those designed to insure the good of all students or the nation as a whole. The authors show how policies to promote individual success too often benefit only those already privileged by race or class, and too often conflict, unnecessarily, with policies that are intended to benefit everyone. The book also examines issues such as creationism and Afrocentrism, where the disputes lie between those who attack the validity of the American dream and those who believe that such a challenge has no place in the public schools. At the end of the book, the authors examine the impact of our nation's rapid racial and ethnic transformation on the pursuit of all of these goals, and they propose ways to make public education work better to help all children succeed and become the citizens we need.

scholarly journals Inuit education in Alberta and Nunavik (Canada)

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 173-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Daveluy
Keyword(s):  
School Board ◽  
Education System ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Curriculum Content ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Administrative Control ◽  
Educational Issues ◽  
Canadian Context ◽  
French And English

During the reorganisation of education in Nunavut that led to the passing of Bill 21 in 2009, reliance on curricula developed in other parts of Canada was mentioned and sometimes perceived as problematic. In this article, I describe how Inuit concerns have recently been integrated into education policies and programming developed by the Alberta government. To examine educational issues that concern Inuit students at southern schools, I have compared Alberta’s efforts and activities with those of the Kativik School Board in Nunavik (Northern Quebec) where the education system is trilingual with programs in Inuktitut, French, and English. The comparison shows how curriculum content, languages of instruction, and administrative control interrelate in the Canadian context. In particular, curricula seem to be more spiritually focused in Western Canada than in Nunavik or Nunavut.

Green Schools: Strengthening Our Economy by Investing in Our Children

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-257
Author(s):  
John M. Weekes
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Teacher Turnover ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Design ◽  
Percent Reduction ◽  
Green Schools ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Schools ◽  
Student Absenteeism

An architect looks at the history of school design and construction in the United States, which by 2008 had approximately 97,000 public schools holding 54.3 million students and five million teachers. About 73 percent of the schools were built prior to 1969. A study has shown that Green Schools can produce a 30–50 percent reduction in energy use, 35 percent reduction in carbon dioxide, a 40 percent reduction in water use, and cut 70 percent in solid waste. Further, student absenteeism and teacher turnover were reduced and productivity increased three percent. If all American schools were Green, the country would save nearly $1 trillion in the next 10 years.

Continuity and Change: Special Education Policy Development in Toronto Public Schools, 1945 to the Present

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
Jason Ellis ◽  
Paul Axelrod
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
School Board ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Special Education Policy

Background/Context It is frequently assumed that changes in special education policies since 1945 have come mostly from “landmark research” or actions of a few “pioneers.” We argue in this article that there have been many different sources of change, including legislation, court rulings, activism, and even shifts in socially and historically constructed categories of ability. In contrast to the contention that there has been “a gradual but steady progression towards the present inclusive education,” we argue that remarkable continuity has characterized certain elements of policy as well. The article identifies general trends in special education policy development historically that can help to inform the most current thinking about policy change in special and inclusive education. Purpose How has special education policy developed historically? What factors have been involved? How can historical research help education researchers, policy makers, school personnel, and others to deepen their understanding of the development of policy? The Toronto public school system is examined. The developmental trajectory of special education policy in Canada's largest urban school board generally resembles the development of policy in other large American and Canadian cities. The period from 1945 to the present was selected because the shifting character of special education policy across this broadsweep of time is not well understood. Research Design This qualitative study employs historical analysis. It draws on archival documents, school board and provincial government records, and pertinent secondary sources. Conclusions/Recommendations There are a few identifiable general trends in special education policy development historically. Prior to 1970, local school officials were empowered to make many changes in special education policy; since 1970, this ability has been eroded in favor of centralized policy making, with parents and others possessing some ability to influence policy change. Today, policy makers must balance different contextual factors and stakeholder interests that have developed over time, not least of all the interests of teachers who have been important partners to policy implementation. The degree of “policy talk” about inclusion, and about a social model of disability, has exceeded the degree to which either has actually been implemented. Rather, a continuum of services model that hybridizes segregated and inclusive settings continues today to characterize special education policies, as it has since the 1970s. Money matters in special education policy, especially when it is tied to specific policy options and can therefore influence local policy decisions, but also depending on whether the power to raise and disburse funds is held locally or centrally.

Social Innovation in Public Schools

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela Silva ◽  
Karmel Nardi Silva ◽  
Karen Schmidt Lotthammer ◽  
Simone Bilessimo ◽  
Juarez Bento Silva
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
School System ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Digital Inclusion ◽  
Public Network ◽  
The Public ◽  
Remote Experimentation ◽  
Positive Results

The project “Promoting Digital Inclusion in Public Schools Through Integration of Innovative Low-Cost Technologies in the Teaching of STEM Subjects” has been carried out by the Remote Experimentation Laboratory (RExLab), Federal University of Santa Catarina, since 2008. This project has trained 363 teachers from 6 schools, since it is an initiative of technology integration in the basic education of the Brazilian public-school system. The present study focuses on the benefits of the project in relation to the teachers involved in its scope. The positive results acquired by the project over the years demonstrate that the integration of technologies in education by teachers in the public network is a practice to be encouraged.

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