scholarly journals Evaluation of household's knowledge, attitude, practice on water processing, and diarrhea prevalence in a community

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 00003
Author(s):  
Sofia Sofia ◽  
Herlina Dimiati ◽  
Nungki Sukma Putri
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
Diarrhea Prevalence

Diarrhea is an endemic disease in Indonesia and potentially becoming an outbreak. This study aims to describe the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and practice of heads of households on water processing and prevalence of diarrhea. A cross-sectional survey was applied to 93 heads of households using simple random sampling technique located in Lampulo village, Kuta Alam sub-district, Banda Aceh, Aceh Province in December 2016. Knowledge, attitudes, and practice on water processing and diarrhea prevalence were assessed using questionnaires. Chi-square test was used to analyze a relationship between water source and prevalence of diarrhea. To see a relationship between knowledge, attitude, and practice of heads of households and diarrhea prevalence used Spearman's coefficient correlation (CI = 95 %; α = 0.05). Results showed that water source and prevalence of diarrhea had no statistical relationship (p = 1.000). From 93 households, 32 (34.4 %) were ever experienced diarrhea and they were used piped water 30 (32.26 %) and well water 2 (2.15 %) as their sources of drinking water. Relationship of knowledge and diarrhea prevalence has low positive correlation (r = 0.219, p = 0.035); attitude and diarrhea prevalence has weak positive correlation (r = 0.326, p = 0.01), practice and diarrhea prevalence has weak negative correlation (r = –0.256, p = 0.013). Knowledge, attitudes, and practice on water processing of the heads of households were correlated to the prevalence of diarrhea.&nbsp;<br>

scholarly journals Examining Education Students’ Preference for Reading Medium, Resource and Time

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Lok Raj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Print Medium ◽  
Bachelor Of Education ◽  
Chi Square Test

The chief purpose of this research article is to examine the Bachelor of Education students’ preferred reading medium, resource and time for their academic purpose. It is based on the cross sectional survey carried out at Makawanpur Multiple Campus, Nepal across the boy and girl students in 2020. The simple random sampling technique, especially lottery method was applied to select 126 students from the population of 185 students. The researcher used a questionnaire regarding the students’ preference and reasons for reading medium, resource and time. The percent statistics show that 70.6% students preferred the print medium and 29.4% students preferred the print medium. The students who preferred teachers’ hand-outs, text books, guide books and solution books were 42.2%, 19.8%, 19.0% and 19.0% respectively. The students who preferred morning time, day time and evening time were 61.1%, 23.8% and 15.1% respectively. The chi-square test of independence between sex and preferred reading medium [ χ2 (1) = 2.391, critical value = 3.841 and p (.122) > .05]; between sex and preferred reading resource [ χ2 (3) = 2.595, critical value = 7.815 and p (.458) > .05]; and between sex and preferred reading time [ χ2 (2) = .620, critical value = 5.991 and p (.733) > .05] show that there was no statistically significant association between sex and preferred reading medium, resource and time.

scholarly journals Setting – based prevalence and correlates of central obesity: findings from a cross-sectional study among formal sector employees in Dodoma City, Central Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam John Munyogwa ◽  
Kaloli Sayi Ntalima ◽  
Secilia Ng’weshemi Kapalata
Keyword(s):  
Central Obesity ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Background Obesity at the workplace has been associated with symptoms of lower self-esteem, increased individual and employer healthcare costs, increased absenteeism and presenteeism and reduced productivity. Therefore, this study was designed to study the prevalence and correlates of central obesity among formal sector employees in Dodoma City. Methods Study design was a cross-sectional survey conducted from March to June, 2019. Participants were employees from formal sector employment defined as those paid regular monthly wage and with either a secured permanent or temporary contract. Simple random sampling was used to select four out of fifteen large buildings hosting various establishments. Respondents were obtained conveniently and interviewed face to face. Central obesity was defined as a waist circumference greater than 102 cm for males and greater than 88 cm for females. Chi-square test was conducted to assess the differences among the groups. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were fitted to identify the correlates of central obesity. Results A total of 392 respondents (98% response rate) agreed and participated in the study. The overall prevalence of central obesity was found to be 41.8% (164/392). The prevalence of central obesity was significantly higher among females (67.4% p < 0.001), respondents aged ≥51 years (60%, p = < 0.001), administrators (55.1% p = < 0.05), respondents with salary of > 1,000,000 Tanzanian Shilling (TSh.) per month (54.4%, p = < 0.05), respondents who eat homemade meals at the workplace (64.2%, p = < 0.05) and respondents with hypertension (62.5%, p = < 0.05). Correlates of central obesity were found to be female sex (AOR = 9.53; 95% CI: 5.49, 16.78), increased age, eating homemade meals at the workplace (AOR = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.04, 4.19) and hypertension (AOR = 3.15; 95% CI: 1.41, 6.91). Conclusions The present study revealed high prevalence of central obesity among formal sector employees in Dodoma City. Scholars and stakeholders are urged to generate more evidences and design appropriate interventions to curb the situation.

scholarly journals Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Perilaku Penyalahgunaan Napza di Kelas IIA Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Jambi

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Nel Efni
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Broken Home

The causes of drug abuse are complex due to the interaction of various factors, including individual factors such great curiosity to try and unknowingly or think long about the consequences later in life, environmental factors such as family problems or a broken home or social environment / community one even all members become abusers drug. This research is a quantitative research using Cross sectional design. The population in this study is the victim of drug abuse which amounted to 545 people and a total sample of 40 respondents using simple random sampling technique and the data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate by using the chi-square test. There is The relationship of knowledge and family support to the behavior of drug abuse in class IIA prison  Jambi. Expected to be used as inputs in the preparation of the program increased knowledge about the dangers of drugs.

scholarly journals Hubungan Persepsi dengan Perilaku Ibu Membawa Balita ke Posyandu

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Palupi Kusuma ◽  
Sheizi Prista Sari ◽  
Ikeu Nurhidayah
Keyword(s):  
Health Belief Model ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
The Relationship

Posyandu merupakan pusat pemantauan tumbuh kembang balita berbasis masyarakat, namun masih banyak ibu yang tidak membawa anak berkunjung teratur ke posyandu. Di Kabupaten Bandung, Posyandu Desa Cimekar memiliki angka kunjungan balita yang terendah yaitu 70,3% pada Bulan Oktober– Desember 2013. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara persepsi ibu dengan perilaku membawa balita ke posyandu dengan pendekatan teori Health Belief Model. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 94 ibu balita yang diambil dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling di 10 Posyandu Desa Cimekar. Analisis menggunakan chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 52,12% memiliki persepsi positif tentang posyandu dan 59,57% responden memiliki perilaku rutin membawa balita ke posyandu. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara persepsi dengan perilaku ibu membawa balita ke posyandu (nilai p=0,000; α=0,05). Simpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa persepsi ibu tentang posyandu belum merata dengan baik. Hasil penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar puskesmas memberikan pembinaan terhadap para ibu balita bukan hanya penyuluhan, namun diberikan pengarahan dan bimbingan tentang pentingnya membawa balita ke posyandu. Kata kunci: Balita, Health Belief Model, perilaku, persepsi, posyandu The Relationship between Mother’s Perception and Behavior on Attending Posyandu Abstract Community health post as well known as posyandu provide as center to monitor growth in children under five years old. Data showed that the number of mother’s attendance behavior to Posyandu in Cimekar’s Village was very low, only 70.5% from October to December 2013. The aimed of this study was to identify the relationship between mother’s perception and parents behavior on taking their children to posyandu based on Health Belief Model Theory. The method of this study was descriptive with cross sectional study. Simple random sampling was used as sampling technique with 97 mothers who has child under five years old among 10 Posyandu in Cimekar was taken in this study. Data was analyzed by chi-square. The result of this study showed that there was significant relationship between mother’s perception and mother’s behavior to attend Posyandu (p=0.000; α=0.05). Data showed that 52.25% respondents had a positive perception about posyandu and 59.5% respondents had positive behavior to take their child to posyandu. The recommendation for Puskesmas is to give further information and motivation to mother to attend posyandu frequently.Key words: Behavior, child under five years old, Health Belief Model, perception, posyandu.

scholarly journals THE CORRELATION BETWEEN TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY AND DEHYDRATION IN FISH-TASTING WORKERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Nensi Kristin Ningsih
Keyword(s):  
Physical Condition ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Environmental Sanitation ◽  
Smoked Fish ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Worker Characteristics ◽  
Coconut Shells

Dehydration is a condition when body loses or lacks liquid or water. Dehydration can occur due to an internal factor such as person’s characteristics, and external factors such as the physical condition of environment, and environmental sanitation. An example of a person having the risk of dehydration is smoked fish workers because they are exposed to heat form burning dry coconut shells. The purpose of this study was to discover the correlation between worker characteristics, the physical condition of environment as well as environmental sanitation, and dehydration level. This study used cross sectional design with 19 respondents, and samples were taken using simple random sampling technique. The study took place at RW 02 Kelurahan Kenjeran, Kecamatan Bulak, Surabaya starting from February 2018 until finished. Data were analyzed using cross tabulation, and statistic tests which were chi square and Kolmogorov smirnov with 95% confidence level. Data were collected by measurement, interview, observation, and examination. The results showed that there was correlation between the physical condition of environment which included temperature (p=0,003<0,05) and humidity (p=0,001<0,05). The conclusion of this study was that the physical condition of environment including temperature and humidity had an important role to the dehydration level of the smoked fish workers.

scholarly journals Hubungan antara Perilaku Sanitasi Lingkungan dengan Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tarus

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Rusmini Marslan Arsyad ◽  
Engelina Nabuasa ◽  
Enjelita M. Ndoen
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Environmental Sanitation ◽  
Study Approach

DHF is one of the widespread  infectious diseases in Indonesia, with an increased infected number of sufferers. DHF case is closely related to environmental sanitation, wich causes the availability of breeding places for the Aedes aegypti mosquito vectors. The study was to determine the relationship between environmental sanitation behavior and the case of DHF in the working area of the Tarus Community Health Center in 2020. The study design was descriptive-analytical with a cross-sectional study approach. The sample was_99 respondents taken by simple random sampling technique. Data was collected from interviews and analyzed using the Chi-square test. The results showed that the varuabels of  knowledge (p = 0.000), attitudes (p = 0.021), and actions to environmental sanitation (p = 0.000) were related to the DHF case. The Tarus Community Health Center should increase outreach activities and family empowerment efforts related to the prevention and control of DHF.

scholarly journals Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Gejala Neurotoksik Akibat Paparan Pestisida Pada Petani Sayuran Di Kenagarian Alahan Panjang Kabupaten Solok

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aria Gusti
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vegetable Farmers ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Judul : Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Gejala Neurotoksik Akibat Paparan Pestisida Pada Petani Sayuran Di Kenagarian Alahan Panjang Kabupaten SolokLatar belakang: Sekitar 60% petani penyempro sayur di Kanagarian Alahan Panjang mempunyai riwayat gejala neurotoksik.. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan gejala gangguan syaraf pada petani penyemprot yang menggunakan pestisida di Kanagarian Alahan Panjang Kabupaten Solok.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Subyek penelitian sebanyak 75 responden. Penarikan sampel dilakukan secara random. Variabel yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini meliputi jenis pestisida, komposisi pestisida, pemakaian alat pelindung diri, dan gejala neurotoksik. Instrument penelitian menggunakan kuesioner Q18 versi Jerman. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-square pada taraf signifikasi 5%.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 62,7% petani penyemprot sayuran pernah mengalami gejala neurotoksik. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan ada hubungan signifikan antara jumlah dan komposisi pestisida yang digunakan dengan gangguan neurotoksik pada petani sayuran (p-value <0,05). Sedang kebiasaan pemakaian alat pelindung diri tidak berpengaruh terhadap kejadian gangguan neorotoksin.  Simpulan: Jumlah dan komposisis pestisida berhubungan dengan gangguan neurotoksik pada petani sayuran di Kanagarian Alahan Kabupaten Solok. Petani sayur disarankan untuk memperhatian komposis pestidian dan tidak menggunakan secara berlebihan dalam menyemprot sayuran. AbstractTitle: Factors related with neurotoxic symptoms on pesticides exposed vegetable farmer in Kanagarian Alahan Panjang, Solok DistrictBackground: Around 60% of vegetable farmer sprayer in Kenagarian Alahan Panjang have experienced of the neurotoxic symptoms. The purpose of this study was to determine factors associated with neurotoxic symptoms on vegetable farmer sprayer with pesticide in Kenagarian Alahan Panjang Solok District in 2016. Method: Type of this research was quantitative using cross-sectional design. The sample were 75 respondents. Sampling using simple random sampling technique. Processing data using univariate and bivariate analysis with chi-square test. Results: The result of this research showed (62,7%) vegetable farmer sprayer have experienced of the neurotoxic symptoms. Bivariate analysis showed there were significant relationship (p<0,05) between pesticide composition and amount of pesticide with neurotoxic symptoms. There was no significant relationship between use of personal protective equipment with neurotoxic symptoms. Conclusion: The number and compostion of pesticides were factors which had associated significantly with neurotoxic symptoms. It was suggested to vegetable farmers to change organofosfat pesticide which was not dangerous to health like faction of pyrethroids. Vegetable farmers were suggested to use appliance protector of X’self completely when activity of mixing and application of pesticide.

Effect of Audit Expectation Gap in Nigerian Capital Market

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul N. Onulaka
Keyword(s):  
Capital Market ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Expectation Gap ◽  
The Relationship

Audit expectation gap is a phenomenon that presently attracts the attention of researchers all over the world. The basic problem is in the area of how the public perceives the role of the auditor, which in most cases centers on the prevention of fraud and irregularities. On the other hand the auditor and the auditing profession always exonerate themselves from the fact and perception of the public towards their work. However, the continued litigation against the auditor and the auditing profession has called on a rethink on the relationship of the auditor and the audit work he performs This paper is structured to briefly establish what auditing and its expectations gap is and the relationship audited financial statement has on capital market and to investigate if the identified gaps have any significant effect in the volume of transactions in the Nigerian capital market.It sought to establish the perception of the capital market operators on its existence. Respondents view was also sought on how the gap could be narrowed. Chi-square (χ2) was used to analyze the data obtained from the study. The data were obtained through questionnaire. Two hundred and ninety (290) copies of the instrument were found useful out of 350 copies distributed using purposive sampling technique. In this study, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in Lagos and Abuja stock Exchange to capture the perceptions of key users of financial statements in Nigerian capital market. The tests of hypothesis were done using Microsoft Excel 2010 version. Tests were carried out at a significant level of 5% and twelve degree of freedom. The findings of the study indicated that there is a wide expectation gap in the areas of auditors’ responsibility for fraud prevention and detection. Audit expectation gap has negative impact on the volume of transactions in Nigerian stock exchange.

scholarly journals Utilisation of a community-based health facility in a low-income urban community in Ibadan, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayodeji M. Adebayo ◽  
Michael C. Asuzu
Keyword(s):  
Health Facility ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North West

Background: Primary healthcare is established to ensure that people have access to health services through facilities located in their community. However, utilisation of health facilities in Nigeria remains low in many communities.Aim: To assess the utilisation of community-based health facility (CBHF) amongst adults in Ibadan, Nigeria.Settings: A low-income community in Ibadan North West Local Government Area of Oyo State.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a simple random sampling technique to select one adult per household in all 586 houses in the community. A semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge and utilisation of the CBHF. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and association testing using the Chi-square test at p = 0.05.Results: The mean age of the respondents was 46.5 ± 16.0 years; 46.0% were men and 81.0% married; 26% had no formal education and 38.0% had secondary-level education and above; traders constituted 52.0% of the sample; and 85.2% were of low socioeconomic standing; 90%had patronised the CBHF. The main reasons for non-utilisation were preference for general hospitals (13.8%) and self-medication (12.1%). Respondents who had secondary education and above, were in a higher socioeconomic class, who had good knowledge of the facility and were satisfied with care, utilised the CBHF three months significantly more than their counterparts prior to the study (p < 0.05). However, only satisfaction with care was found to be a significant predictor of utilisation of the CBHF.Conclusion: The utilisation of the CBHF amongst adults in the study setting is high, driven mostly by satisfaction with the care received previously. Self-medication, promoted by uncontrolled access to drugs through pharmacies and patent medicine stores, threatens this high utilisation.

scholarly journals Pattern and Extent of Street Food Consumption in Hohoe, Volta Region, Ghana: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Winnifred Ekua Baidoe ◽  
Mark Kwame Ananga ◽  
Elorm Kwame Nyinaku
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Street Food

Background. For most people in developing countries, street food is a major source of sustenance, and Ghana is no exception. Street food vending has seen tremendous growth in Ghana as a result of the insurgence of urbanisation. Despite being one of the largest sectors of national economy in terms of employment and sales of food, very little is known about street food consumption patterns in Ghana. The current study explored the patterns and extent of street food consumption in the Hohoe township. Methods. A cross-sectional design which recruited 403 subjects through a multistage sampling technique. A semistructured questionnaire was used to gather information on demographics, types of street foods, extent of street food consumption, safety concerns, and diversity of street foods patronised. Means, standard deviations, and Chi-square tests were used to determine the association between selected variables at <0.05 level of significance. Results. The top 5 foods mostly patronised by respondents are porridge foods-Koko (17.9%), rice and stew (17.4%), banku (12.6%), waakye (11.5%), and kenkey (8.7%) with porridge foods consumed almost on a daily basis. Convenience (37.2%) and affordability (17.1%) greatly influenced the choice of street foods among consumers. Occupation and the level of education are strongly correlated with the concern for safety of street foods {(X2 = 17.3094, P<0.008); (X2 = 17.1731, P<0.002)}. The dietary diversity score of most respondents was in the high tercile (77.7%) (≥6 food groups), whilst the cereals dominate the food group mostly consumed by respondents. Conclusion. The study suggests that patronising street food is very high in Hohoe municipality, irrespective of the gender, occupation, or educational level. As an “informal” sector of food business, street foods often escape formal inspection and control. They can, therefore, both be the source of food safety problems and contribute to the deterioration of environmental hygiene. This is a call on policy makers and regulators to take a critical look at the sector.

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