scholarly journals Extraction of Residue Oil from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Using Organic Solvent

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3&4) ◽  
pp. 385-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Ahmad ◽  
K. Sithamparam ◽  
M. M. D. Zulkali ◽  
S. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Export Earning ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Mixing Speed ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Palm oil industry in Malaysia has grown to become an important agriculture based industry and it is accounted for about 52% of the world palm oil output, which generated RM 13 billions export earning for the country.  With increased cultivation and production of palm oil in the region, the disposal of the processed waste will become a major problem if it is not being treated properly.  Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is extremely polluting with its high organic content. Oil and grease content in POME is 4,000 mg/L which is relatively high compared to the allowable limit by the Malaysian Department of Environment of only 50 mg/L.  This paper describes the research results in removing oil and grease content for the POME using solvent extraction method.  Six different organic solvents; n-hexane, n-heptane, benzene, petroleum ether, pentane and petroleum benzene were used.  For every solvent the effect of solvent ratio, mixing time, mixing speed and pH were analyzed to determine the optimum condition for maximum extraction of oil.  Results showed that n-hexane give the best performance in extracting oil from POME with solvent to POME ratio of 6:10.  It was estimated about 0.54 grams of oil and grease per liter of POME can be extracted at optimum conditions; mixing speed of 200 rpm, 20 minutes mixing time and at pH 9.

scholarly journals Comparison of Performance of an Intermittent Aeration Membrane Bioreactor and a Conventional Activated–sludge System in the Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Annop ◽  
P. Sridang ◽  
P. Chevakidagarn ◽  
K. Nopthavorn
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen Control ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

The main objective was to compare the performances and the removal efficiencies of two biological treatment systems, a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) and a simultaneous activated sludge (AS), for treating Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). Two lab scale units of SMBR and AS with a working volume of 24 L were operated under favorable biological conditions and minimized membrane fouling intensity. To achieve both carbonaceous and nitrogen removal, the cyclic air intermittent and dissolved oxygen control were performed into SMBR and AS with the influent flow rate about 16 L/d respectively. In terms of organic removal and membrane performance, the SMBR showed good removal efficiency to treat high strength wastewater with organic loading variation of POME. The average removal rates of TCOD, BOD, Turbidity, Color, Oil and Grease, NH3–N, TKN were 69±2, 76±2, 100±1, 37±21, 92±6, 67±4 and 75±10% respectively. Results pointed out the benefit of membranes retained totally the active compositions of biomass in each stage of development. The AS showed the limitation of sedimentation phase for sludge and oil separation. The characteristics of sludge in SMBR showed healthy floc formations and good settling after 240 h. The concentrations of COD and BOD in permeate were around 870±53 and 37±13 mg/L.

Optimization of Pre-treatment Method in Shikimic Acid Extraction from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-133
Author(s):  
Vimothy Daniel Montolalu ◽  
Evita H. Legowo ◽  
Hery Sutanto,
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Shikimic Acid ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Sedimentation Method ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Pre Treatment

The global pandemic spread of influenza like bird flu and swine flu are forcing abigger production of anti-influenza drug called Oseltamivir phosphate. The drug is made by synthesizing a compound named shikimic acid. Although the demand of the drug increases, the source of shikimic acid material is limited. Meanwhile, palm oil mill effluent (POME), a waste generated from palm oil industry is provenly rich in phytonutrients. This research aims to improve the shikimic extraction process from palm oil mill effluent by pre-treating the POME. Three pre-treatments were done on the POME which are solvent-extraction method, sedimentation method, and combination of solvent-extraction and sedimentation method. Sedimentation used the centrifugal principle and solvent-extraction used n-hexane as the solvent. Extraction of shikimic acid from pre-treated POME was done using ethyl acetate as the solvent. Detection of shikimic acid was done using TLC method and FT-IR instrument, while HPLC was used to measure the amount of shikimic acid extracted. Yield of shikimic acid obtained after solvent-extraction pre-treatment (0.0795%) was better than the sedimentation pre-treatment (0.015%). Also, the solvent-extraction pre-treatment was more efficient (87.51%) than sedimentation pre-treatment (68.15%) in removing oil and grease. However, the best result was produced from the combination of both pre-treatments.

scholarly journals The performance of a pilot-scale anaerobic hybrid bioreactor on palm oil mill effluent treatment

REAKTOR ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Adrianto Ahmad ◽  
Bahruddin Bahruddin ◽  
David Andrio ◽  
Amir Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Methane Gas ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Contemporarily, Indonesia and Malaysia are the largest contributors of crude palm oil (CPO) in the world by up to 40%, and 37.3%, respectively. Furthermore, its production value this year reached 19.7 million tons, where each generates 2.5 m3 of wastewater. Meanwhile, of all the provinces in Indonesia specifically, Riau is the largest supplier for exports by up to 38%, generated from 225 palm oil mills, where a total of 6.3 million tons resulting in the generation of about 15.75 million m3 of wastewater, with organic content between the range of 30,000-60,000 mg COD/l. In addition, one of the uses of this wastewater includes anaerobic processes, with the double benefit of reducing COD concentrations, subsequently applying it as fertilizer, and also in the production of methane gas, as an alternative source of energy. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to observe the effect of bioreactor volume, scale-up on the performance of anaerobic hybrid bioreactors, in the treatment of mill effluents. The technology examined in this study was the anaerobic hybrid bioreactor with the dimensions of length 22 m, width 10 m, and depth 1.5 m, and a total volume of 330 m3, which is impermeable to oxygen, and a 250 m3 effective working volume. This was built and operated at a hydraulic retention time of 1 day, in the Palm Oil Mill of Riau, and the results showed the environmental conditions to range from a pH of 7.2 to 8.0, with temperatures from 320C to 350C, acetic acid of 774 mg/l to 1,180 mg/l, and alkalinity of 2,149 mg/l up to 2,400 mg/l. Furthermore, the performance of these reactors are shown by the highest COD removal efficiency of 77.8%, and a biogas test for the propensity of being applied as an alternative energy source obtained a methane gas concentration of 54%. Keywords: anaerobic, bioreactor, biogas, wastewater, performance, palm oil mill effluent

scholarly journals Coagulation-Sedimentation-Extraction Pretreatment Methods for The Removal of Suspended Solids and Residual Oil From Palm Oil Mill Effluent (Pome)

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Latif Ahmad, Norliza Ibrahim , Suzylawati Ismail and Subhash Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Mixing Speed ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Sedimentation Time

Suspended solids and residual oil removal in a liquid are relevant to numerous research areas and industry. The suspended solid cannot be removed completely by plain settling. Large and heavy particles can settle out readily, but smaller and lighter particles settle very slowly or in some cases do not settle at all. Because of this, it requires efficient physical-chemical pretreatment methods.   Our current research is to study the pretreatment methods in the removal of suspended solids and residual oil content in POME. Preliminary analysis shows that POME contains 40,000 mg/L suspended solid and 4,000 mg/L oil and grease content that relatively very high compared to the maximum allowable limit by the Malaysian Department of Environment which are only 400 mg/L and 50 mg/L respectively. The methods chosen were coagulation-sedimentation method for suspended solids removal and solvent extraction for residual oil removal.  Jar test apparatus was used as the standard procedure for bench-scale testing and alum was used as the coagulant. Parameters studied were alum dosage, mixing time, mixing speed, sedimentation time and pH. For removal of residual oil, six different organic solvents; n-hexane, n-heptane, benzene, petroleum ether, pentane and petroleum benzene were used. For every solvent the effect of solvent ratio, mixing time, mixing speed and pH were analyzed. The results show that the optimum conditions in removal of suspended solid from POME were at pH 4.11, sedimentation time of 100 minutes and 150 rpm mixing speed with 1.5 hr mixing time. N-hexane give the best performance in extracting residual oil from POME with solvent to POME ratio of 6:10. It was estimated about 0.54 grams of oil and grease can be extracted with optimum variables at pH 4, mixing speed of 200 rpm, and 20 minutes mixing time.  Key Words: palm oil mill effluent, coagulation, suspended solid, residual oil, solvent extraction.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent in Pilot-Scale Anaerobic EGSB Reactor

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Wang ◽  
Qaisar Mahmood ◽  
Jiang-Ping Qiu ◽  
Yin-Sheng Li ◽  
Yoon-Seong Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
High Organic Content

Large volumes of untreated palm oil mill effluent (POME) pose threat to aquatic environment due to the presence of very high organic content. The present investigation involved two pilot-scale anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors, continuously operated for 1 year to treat POME. Setting HRT at 9.8 d, the anaerobic EGSB reactors reduced COD from 71179 mg/L to 12341 mg/L and recycled half of sludge by a dissolved air flotation (DAF). The average effluent COD was 3587 mg/L with the consistent COD removal efficiency of 94.89%. Adding cationic polymer (PAM) dose of 30 mg/L to DAF unit and recycling its half of sludge caused granulation of anaerobic sludge. Bacilli and small coccid bacteria were the dominant microbial species of the reactor. The reactor produced 27.65 m3of biogas per m3of POME which was utilized for electricity generation.

A study of palm oil mill effluent treatment using a pond system

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Chin ◽  
S. W. Lee ◽  
H. H. Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Pond System ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) contains a high concentration of organic matter. COD concentration is in the range of 45,000 to 65,000 mg/l, 5-day BOD 18,000 to 48,000 mg/l and oil and grease greater than 2,000 mg/l. The COD:N:P ratio is around 750:7.3:1. The nutrient content is low for aerobic treatment processes but sufficient for anaerobic treatment processes. This paper evaluates the treatment efficiency of a pond system consisting of 8 ponds in series treating 600 cu m/day of POME. The pond system has been in operation since the mid 1980's. Effluent COD was 1,725 mg/l, BOD 610 mg/l, ammonia-N 115 mg/l, nitrate nitrogen 5 mg/l, TKN 200 mg/l and phosphate 60 mg/l. The effluent was not able to meet the discharge standard of 50 mg/l BOD.

Removal of Residual Oil from Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Solvent Extraction Method

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bassim H. Hameed ◽  
Abdul Latif Ahmad ◽  
Ai Hoon Ng.
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Mixing Rate ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Pencemaran akibat dari minyak buangan yang terkandung dalam air sisa merupakan salah satu masalah persekitaran yang amat serius. Disebabkan oleh perkembangan industri kelapa sawit yang amat pesat di Malaysia, suatu isipadu air sisa dari kilang kelapa sawit (POME) yang banyak juga dihasilkan pada masa yang sama. Pengekstrakkan minyak buangan dari POME telah dijalankan menggunakan proses pengektrakan pelarut. Dalam kajian ini, kesan masa pengektrakan, nisbah pelarut/suapan dan kadar pencampuran pengektrakan menggunakan beberapa jenis pelarut telah dijalankan. N–pentana, n–hexana dan n–heptana telah digunakan sebagai pelarut. Peratus minyak yang diekstrakkan pada keadaan–keadaan optimum ujikaji menggunakan n–pentana, n–hexana dan n–heptana diperolehi masing–masing sebanyak 58, 63 dan 65 peratus. Pengekstrakan berbagai peringkat juga telah dijalankan. Lebih dari 97% minyak buangan yang terkandung dalam POME telah berjaya diekstrakkan pada peringkat keempat pengekstrakkan menggunakan pelarut–pelarut tersebut. Kata kunci: Pengekstrakkan; kadar pencampuran; masa pencampuran; pelarut; POME Pollution from residual oil content in the wastewater is one of the serious environmental problems. Due to the rapid development of the palm oil industry in Malaysia, a large volume of palm oil mill effluent (POME) has been produced at the same time. Removal of residual oil from POME was carried out using solvent extraction process. The effect of different solvents, extraction time, solvent/feed ratio and mixing rate on extraction efficiency were investigated throughout this work. N– pentane, n–hexane and n–heptane were used as solvents. The percent of oil extracted at the optimum conditions of 10 min extraction time, 1:1 solvent: feed ratio, 200 rpm using n–pentane, n–hexane and n–heptane were found to be 58, 63 and 65, respectively for a single stage extraction. Multistage extraction has shown that the % of oil extracted increased significantly to more than 97% of the residual oil in the POME. Key words: Extraction; mixing rate; mixing time; solvent; POME

scholarly journals Fouling assessment of tertiary palm oil mill effluent (POME) membrane treatment for water reclamation

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Syahmi Hafizi Ghani ◽  
Teow Yeit Haan ◽  
Ang Wei Lun ◽  
Abdul Wahab Mohammad ◽  
Rahmat Ngteni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Boiler Feed Water

Abstract In order to minimize the adverse impacts of palm oil mill effluent (POME) towards the environment and to cope with the stress associated with water scarcity, membrane technology has been employed to reclaim water from POME. This study investigated the performance and fouling propensity of membranes in treating tertiary POME with the aim to recycle and reuse the reclaimed water as boiler feed water. Three types of membranes (NF270, BW30, and XLE) were used and their performances were evaluated based on the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, turbidity, total dissolved solids, phosphorus, and conductivity. All parameters were significantly reduced through XLE and BW30 membrane filtration processes in which the permeate was complied with the boiler feed water standard, except NF270 membrane where the COD value exceeded the allowable limit. High permeation drag of NF270 and rougher surface of XLE membranes resulted in the accumulation of foulant on the membrane surfaces which eventually reduced the permeate flux, whereas BW30 membrane was encountered for lower fouling propensity due to its low permeation rate. Hence, BW30 was deemed as the best candidate for water reclamation due to its low fouling propensity and because the production of permeate complied with boiler feed water standard.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Produksi Biogas dari Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) dengan Fluidisasi Media Zeolit Termodifikasi pada Sistem Batch

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firda Mahira Alfiata Chusna ◽  
Melly Mellyanawaty ◽  
Estin Nofiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

The production of crude palm oil (CPO) in Indonesia tends to increase over time. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is the wastewater generated from the palm oil mill process with high organic content. POME is a potential source for anaerobic digestion due to its high organic content. The challenge of POME treatment using an anaerobic process is to enhance biogas production with high soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) removal efficiency. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of selected trace elements addition onto zeolite as immobilization media to the anaerobic digestion of POME in a fluidized batch system. Natural zeolite was used as the medium to immobilize microorganisms in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR). This study used three trace elements impregnated to natural zeolites, i.e. Ni2+, Zn2+, Mg2+. The result shows that Ni2+ and Zn2+ improve the methanogenesis process, prevent the accumulation of VFA as an intermediate product and increase the methane (biogas) production. Meanwhile, Mg2+ only reduced sCOD significantly but it did not affect methane production. Fluidization enhanced the performance of the POME anaerobic digestion process. The fluidization provide a positive effect to enhance biogas production and sCOD removal. The efficiency of sCOD removal in the entire reactors were 80.82%; 81.77%; 75.89% for AFBR-Ni; AFBR-Zn and AFBR-control respectively. The total volume of methane produced by the three AFBR were 163,04; 136,42; 62,79 (in ml CH4 / g sCOD) for AFBR-Ni; AFBR-Zn and AFBR-control, respectively. A B S T R A KProduksi crude palm oil (CPO) di Indonesia cenderung meningkat seiring bertambahnya waktu. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) adalah air limbah yang dihasilkan dari proses penggilingan kelapa sawit dengan kandungan organik yang tinggi. Tantangan dalam mengolah POME menggunakan proses peruraian anaerobik adalah untuk meningkatkan produksi biogas dengan efisiensi penurunan soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) yang tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan trace element terseleksi pada media imobilisasi zeolit terhadap proses peruraian anaerobik limbah POME dengan sistem batch terfluidisasi. Zeolit alam berperan sebagai media imobilisasi mikroorganisme dalam anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR). Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga trace element yang diimpregnasikan pada zeolit alam yaitu Ni2+, Zn2+, Mg2+. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ni2+ dan Zn2+ sebagai trace element dapat meningkatkan proses metanogenesis dan mencegah akumulasi VFA sebagai produk antara serta meningkatkan produksi gas metana (biogas). Mg2+ sebagai trace element menurunkan sCOD dengan cukup signifikan namun tidak diimbangi dengan banyaknya metana yang dihasilkan. Fluidisasi meningkatkan performa dari proses peruraian anaerobik POME. Proses fluidisasi memberi pengaruh positif dalam meningkatkan produksi biogas dan soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) removal. Nilai sCOD removal yaitu 80,82%; 81,77%; 75,89% berturut-turut untuk AFBR-Ni; AFBR-Zn dan AFBR-kontrol. Total volume metana yang dihasilkan oleh ketiga AFBR yaitu 163,04; 136,42; 62,79 (dalam ml CH4 / g sCOD) berturut-turut untuk AFBR-Ni; AFBR-Zn dan AFBR-kontrol.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document