scholarly journals Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to L-glutamine and growth or maintenance of muscle mass (ID 719, 722, 3185), faster restoration of muscle glycogen stores after strenuous exercise (ID 434, 699, 701, 723, 1569), skeletal mu

EFSA Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Scientific Opinion ◽  
Glycogen Stores

Diet and Training in the Week Before Competition

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. S56-S63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bente Kiens
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Dietary Regimen ◽  
Carbohydrate Loading ◽  
Exercise Muscle ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Glycogen Stores

For many years athletes have used carbohydrate loading to enhance endurance performance. This practice has been based on findings demonstrating that 1) exercise induced depletion of the muscle glycogen stores followed by the intake of a carbohydrate rich diet, resulted in muscle glycogen stores above normal values and 2) that the pre-exercise muscle glycogen content was the main determinant of the capacity to perform strenuous exercise to exhaustion. Lately it has been speculated whether a period of a high fat diet, followed by carbohydrate loading to restore or increase muscle glycogen levels above normal, would be of further advantage for exercise performance. From the discussed data it emerges, however, that varying periods offat adaptation followed by a carbohydrate rich diet prior to exercise is of no benefit for exercise performance. Despite an increased fat oxidation and a concomitant decrease in carbohydrate oxidation during submaximal exercise, no benefit in a subsequent time trial appeared. Data suggest that this dietary regimen impairs the ability to utilise carbohydrates.

scholarly journals Caffeine Health Claims on Sports Supplement Labeling. Analytical Assessment According to EFSA Scientific Opinion and International Evidence and Criteria

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 2095
Author(s):  
Pedro Estevan Navarro ◽  
Isabel Sospedra ◽  
Alejandro Perales ◽  
Cristina González-Díaz ◽  
Rubén Jiménez-Alfageme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
European Food Safety Authority ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Scientific Opinion ◽  
Term Performance

Caffeine is a food supplement widely consumed by athletes, but it has not been established. So far, the veracity of their labeling in terms of the dosage and cause/effect relationship aimed at the consumer. The aim is to analyze the health claims and the dosage presented on the labeling of caffeine supplements and to evaluate if they follow the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and international criteria. A descriptive cross-sectional study of a sample of caffeine supplements was carried out. The search was done through the Amazon and Google Shopping web portals. In order to assess the adequacy of the health claims, the guidelines of reference established by European Food Safety Authority were compared to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, International Olympic Committee, and Australian Institute of Sport guidelines; in addition, recent systematic reviews were addressed. A review of labels of 42 caffeine supplements showed that, in less than 3% of the products were the health claims supported by the recommendations and by the labeled quantity of caffeine. The claims that fully complied the recommendations were, “improves or increases endurance performance”, “improves strength performance”, or “improves short-term performance”. In most cases, the recommended dosage was 200 mg/day for these products, which is the minimum for the caffeine effects to be declared. The rest of the health claims were not adequate or need to be modified. Most of the health claims identified indicated an unproven cause and effect, which constitutes consumer fraud, and so must be modified or eliminated.

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