scholarly journals Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Plant protection products and their residues (PPR) related to the choice of endpoints to assess the long term risk to mammals

EFSA Journal ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products

scholarly journals PROTECTION OF PLANTS AS A FACTOR OF INFLUENCE ON THE QUALITY OF GRAIN OF WHEAT

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Kekalo ◽  
V. V. Nemchenko ◽  
A. S. Philippov ◽  
N. Yu. Zargaryan ◽  
T. A. Kozlova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
Positive Effect

The article analyzes data on the effect of fungicidal and herbicidal preparations on grain quality and productivity of spring wheat. Timely and high-quality use of plant protection products from harmful organisms can improve not only the productivity of spring wheat, but often the quality of grain. In the years of mass spread of aerogenic infections, the use of fungicides in wheat crops can increase the protein content of the grain, as the leaves are longer and more productive photosynthesize. Under these conditions, the increase of the content of gluten on the use of systemic multi-component fungicide in the phase of the flag leaf was 3 %, in case of moderate development of disease was 2.4 %. The yield of flour increased by 5-7 %, and in some years there was an improvement in baking evaluation from satisfactory on the control variant to good on the variant with using a system fungicide. Correlation dependence of disease development and gluten content in grain was characterized as very strong and very strong inverse (r=0.88-0.98). In years with the strong development of leaf spots and the defeat of straw linear rust requires double use of fungicides to preserve the crop and grain quality. Long-term tests of post-emergence herbicides have shown that the use of these drugs in the framework of the regulations of their use did not worsen the quality of spring wheat grain, but also a significant stable positive effect on this indicator was not observed.

scholarly journals Importance of the generic segment of thye plant protection products – the case of the Polish market

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Stajszczak ◽  
Edward Majewski
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Average Price ◽  
Strategic Groups ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Generic Products ◽  
Jel Code

Authors present results of the analysis of developments in the plant protection products industry, with a focus on its generic part. Authors concentrate on long-term changes of prices, volumes and values of generic pesticides launched into the market. There were two strategic groups of producers identified: research and development (R&D) and generic. The analyses conducted prove that there is a relationship between the amount of generic products on the market and their prices. It is also clear that the number of competitors significantly influences the speed and range of price erosion. Used as examples generic plant protection products were placed on the market with an average price 15% lower comparing to branded pesticides. JEL code: M31

scholarly journals Degradation and leaching of bentazone, terbuthylazine and S-metolachlor and some of their metabolites: A long-term lysimeter experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Schuhmann ◽  
Gernot Klammler ◽  
Stefan Weiss ◽  
Oliver Gans ◽  
Johann Fank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Fate And Transport ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Lysimeter Experiment ◽  
Good Agricultural Practice ◽  
Higher Doses

The degradation and leaching of bentazone, terbuthylazine and S-metolachlor and their metabolites N-methyl-bentazone, desethyl-terbuthylazine, 2-hydroxy-terbuthylazine, metolachlor ethane sulfonic acid (ESA) and metolachlor oxanilic acid (OA) were investigated using the plant protection products Artett (bentazone/terbuthylazine), Gardo Gold (S-metolachlor/terbuthylazine) and Dual Gold (S-metolachlor) applied to a weighable, monolithic, high precision lysimeter with a loamy, sandy soil. Artett and Gardo Gold were applied at higher doses than recommended according to good agricultural practice. In leachate, S-metolachlor was detected at concentrations of up to 0.15 µg/L, whereas metolachlor-ESA and metolachlor-OA were present at higher concentrations of up to 37 µg/L and 8.4 µg/L, respectively. In a second terbuthylazine application, concentrations of desethyl-terbuthylazine of up to 0.1 µg/L were detected. In soil, bentazone degraded faster than terbuthylazine and S-metolachlor, whereas the metabolization of terbuthylazine after the second application resulted in an enhanced formation of desethyl-terbuthylazine and a highly increased hydroxylation of terbuthylazine. The importance of analysing both parent compounds and metabolites on a long-term scale was demonstrated to better understand the environmental fate and transport.

scholarly journals Influence of vegetation treatment with growth stimulants and protection agents on seed productivity of meadow fescue Nadezhda

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 (11) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
M TORMOZIN ◽  
A. Belyaev ◽  
E. Tiholaz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Reliable Increase

Abstract. The article provides information about the yield, development of leaf-stem diseases, as well as the biological effectiveness of drugs on meadow fescue crops. The purpose of research is to study the influence of protective agents and growth stimulants that provide the most complete realization of the potential of seed productivity of meadow fescue. After applying protection products, crop structure for 2018–2019 Treatment of plants for vegetation in the phase of entering the tube – the beginning of earing, the following drugs were used: “Fitolavin” – 1.5 l/ha; “Lariksin” – 50 g/ha; “Kolosal’ Pro” – 0.5 l/ha; “Strekar” – 1.5 l/ha; “Fitolavin” – 1.5 l/ha + “Kolosal’ Pro” – 0.5 l/ha. Research methodology and methods. The experience consists of 18 plots. The total area of one plot is 42 m2, the accounting area of one plot is 28 m2. Plots are placed – blockwise, repetitions are rendomized, the repetition is 3-fold. Observations and studies were conducted according to the generally accepted methodology. Meteorological conditions in 2018–2019 significantly varied from the long-term average. The hydrothermal coefficient (GTC) for the growing season in 2018 was 1.4; in 2019, it was 1.77, which is higher than the long – term average (1.57). Results. The development of the disease on average for all tiers of leaves for two years (2018–2019) in the control was 23.7 %, the prevalence – 67.5 %. In the variants with fungicides and biologics, the development and prevalence of leaf-stem diseases ranged from 9.4 to 17.4 % and from 32.4 to 56.5 %, respectively. The use of plant protection products led to a decrease in the development of diseases by 1.4–2.5 times (by 6.3–14.3 %), and the prevalence – by 1.2–2.1 times (by 11.0–35.1 %).The biological effectiveness of plant protection products ranged from 26.6 to 60.3 %. The applied preparations on average for two years of research provided a reliable increase in seed yield from 0.11 to 0.26 t/ha (from 32 to 76 %). Scientific novelty. The increase in seed productivity according to two-year data (2018–2019) was obtained due to a significant increase in all components of the yield structure.

scholarly journals Degradation of pentachlorophenol by high temperature hydrolysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Monika Janas ◽  
Alicja Zawadzka
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Widespread Distribution ◽  
Biological Methods

The long-term use of plant protection products in agriculture, including pentachlorophenol (PCP), has contributed to their widespread distribution in the natural environment. So far, no cheap and effective techniques for removing chlorophenols by physicochemical or biological methods have been developed. Therefore, alternative methods of neutralizing them are currently being sought. The aim of the study was to investigate the possibility of pentachlorophenol decomposition by high temperature thermohydrolysis. The decomposition process was carried out at a constant pressure of 25 MPa, in the temperature range of 20°C to 500°C and at various volumetric flows of PCP through the reactor. Detailed analysis of the results showed that the process and degree of pentachlorophenol reduction depended on residence time in the reactor and the process temperature. The obtained results indicate that thermohydrolysis in supercritical water is not an effective method to neutralize pentachlorophenol. The high costs of conducting this process together with an average degree of PCP conversion (the conversion of pentachlorophenol at the lowest volumetric flow rate through the reactor reached about 45%) cause that thermohydrolysis at high temperature is not a costeffective method of neutralizing pentachlorophenol.

Estimation of the frequency and severity of plant protection products residues in peaches after a long-term implementation of integrated crop management

2008 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. S175-S176
Author(s):  
Theoharis Danis ◽  
Ioannis Tsakiris ◽  
Despoina Karagiozoglou ◽  
Manolis Hourdakis ◽  
Aristidis Tsatsakis
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Integrated Crop Management

scholarly journals Study of the destructive activity of microorganisms isolated from soil contaminated by pesticides

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 05007
Author(s):  
Azhar Malik ◽  
Gulzhamal Abdieva ◽  
Perizat Ualieva ◽  
Nuraly Akimbekov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
High Level ◽  
Organic Pesticides

Chemical pollution of natural and agricultural habitats is a growing global problem and a serious threat to the sustainability and health of people. Among various chemical ecotoxicants of anthropogenic origin, organochlorine pesticides are among the most stable and dangerous for the environment and humans. Pesticides are chemical plant protection products, the intensive and not always justified the use of which has led to the fact that recently they are also considered among the most dangerous pollutants. One of the serious environmental problems is the pollution of natural objects with organic pesticides with high toxicity and persistence. Toxic substances can enter the environment and pose a threat to all living organisms, including the microbial population of the soil. Microorganisms isolated from ecosystems exposed to long-term treatment with pesticides can quickly decompose these compounds. The problem related to the decomposition of pesticide residues in the soil is an important environmental issue. Microorganisms are able to most effectively decompose xenobiotic substances foreign to the biosphere. The ability of microorganisms to decompose pesticides is associated with biochemical reactions and a high level of their adaptation. In this study, the microbial diversity of the soil in the territories adjacent to the pesticide burial sites was studied.

scholarly journals Spatial Differentiation of Physical and Chemical Soil Parameters under Integrated, Organic, and Biodynamic Viticulture

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1361
Author(s):  
Maximilian Hendgen ◽  
Johanna Döring ◽  
Verena Stöhrer ◽  
Fabian Schulze ◽  
Ruth Lehnart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Increased Risk

Vineyard soils show an increased risk of degradation due to being intensively cultivated. The preservation of soil integrity and fertility is a key concept of organic and biodynamic farming. However, both systems are also subject to criticism due to their higher amount of plant protection products used and their increased traffic intensity compared to integrated viticulture, both detrimental to soil quality. The aim of this study was therefore to assess long-term effects of these three management systems on chemical and physical soil quality parameters. For this purpose, topsoil samples were taken in a long-term field trial vineyard at different positions and examined for bulk density, available water capacity (AWC), soil organic carbon (SOC), N, pH, and for total and bioavailable copper (Cu) concentrations. Biodynamic plots had a lower bulk density and higher SOC concentration than the integrated ones, which is probably due to the species-rich cover crop mixture used in the inter-row. However, organic and biodynamic farming showed an accumulation of copper in the under-vine area and in the tractor track, which is problematic for soil fertility in the long-term. Therefore, alternatives for copper in plant protection are necessary to ensure sustainable soil quality through organic and biodynamic viticulture.

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