scholarly journals Measuring Productivity and Efficiency of Seaports in India using DEA technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeronimo Guilherme Remigio MONTEIRO
Keyword(s):  
Design Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Bayesian Techniques ◽  
Functional Specification ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Performance Point ◽  
Port System

Aim: In this paper we are looking at the seaports (in India called ‘major ports’) from the context of its trade and India’s strategic importance in trade world after the initiation of economic reforms in 1991. It empirically estimates the levels of productivity and efficiency of seaports in India. This paper applies DEA technique to assess productivity and efficiency of seaports in India. Design/Research methods: DEA technique is extensively used in the literature of economics to provide measures of firms’ technical efficiency. These measures rank the firms by looking at their apparent performances over a period of time. DEA is a frontier model which is non-parametric since no functional specification or form is required to be mentioned. Conclusions/Findings: The DEA results as discussed and reported in the paper have shown how Indian ports are performing over the years. This investigation alone is not sufficient to develop a benchmark in the port system of India. Rather it will do well to have a closer look at the Indian ports from the physical and financial performance point of view. This study made use of data envelopment analysis (DEA) to generate what we call an efficiency benchmarks and assessment of the Indian ports sector. With this modest attempt to investigate the port sector of India several issues are in the open one can further analyze and come to desired conclusions. Originality/value of the paper: The main role of a port is to transfer goods between two transport modes. As far as Indian ports are concerned, there are few studies with regard to productivity and efficiency of the port sector. Since, there is an attempt in recent years to overhaul the infrastructure sectors of the Indian economy and especially seaports. There is a need to look at issues in port sector as well. Productivity and efficiency concerns should be the main aspect of the benchmarking of the performance of today’s Indian ports. Limitations of the research: Second stage DEA, distance function approach, Bayesian techniques, Carlo Monte techniques, can be alternatively used.  

scholarly journals A Study of Form and Content of Private Speech Used by Iranian EFL Learners

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 874
Author(s):  
Ehsan Alijanian ◽  
Saeed Ketabi ◽  
Ahmad Moinzadeh
Keyword(s):  
English Language Learners ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Private Speech ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
The Mind

From the sociocultural point of view, the investigation of private speech is important in seeing how the mind works. Yet, not much is known about the form and content of private speech. A group of English language learners were required to talk about some topics of their reading courses. Their voices were recorded and the private speech used by them were identified. It was found that the main role of the loud and silent forms of the private speech in the data is to help learners manage the interaction. Private speech is embedded within the speech context and it needs to be explained in the context in which it happens.

scholarly journals Neurophysiological conception of pain in craniomandibular disfunction

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 478-482
Author(s):  
Sasa Stankovic ◽  
Mirjana Boskovic ◽  
Zorica Ajdukovic ◽  
Ljiljana Kesic ◽  
Ljiljana Aleksov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Masticatory Muscles ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Craniomandibular Dysfunction ◽  
Emotional Factors ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Temporomandibular Joints ◽  
Neurophysiological Data

Introduction. Ethiopathogenesis of dysfunction and pain in temporomandibular joints has been the subject of passionate discussions between supporters of purely mechanical conception and the ones who are supporters of psyhosomatic conception. The aim of the study: Relying on neurophysiological data, the authors are trying to reveal the main role of reticular mesencephalical formation in mechanisms which provoke craniomandibular dysfunctions and confront the influence of emotional factors from neocortex and painful stimuli from oral structures. Discussion. From dynamical point of view, not only the morphological aspects of teeth and arcades, but also sensitive-sensorial mechanisms connected to masticatory muscles, periodontal structures and oral structures, should be considered. The ideal bite and perfect morphology of tooth arcades are not enough for reconstitution of correct occlusion, if there are no neuromuscular system, temporomandibular joint, and especially central nervous system. Conclusion. The presence of pain is just one of the craniomandibular dysfunction symptoms, but if it is added to the other clinical signs and emotional or affect - provoking factor, it will provoke dysfunctional syndrome.

scholarly journals DISCUSSION AS AN APPROACH TO DEVELOPING COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
S. HORBUNOVA ◽  
Yu. DZEKUN ◽  
V. ISCHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Problem Situations ◽  
Active Approach ◽  
Language Classes ◽  
Approach To Teaching

The article considers discussion as an active approach to teaching foreign languages and the development of communicative competencies, given the use of a communicative approach to learning. The phenomenon of discussion, stages of its organization, presence of discussion tasks in educational materials are analyzed. The possibility of using discussion in foreign language classes as an interactive form of learning is considered. It was found that the main task of the discussion is to involve different points of view in the active discussion of problems in a foreign language, which, in turn, stimulates the cognitive interest of students. The main role of the teacher in ensuring the effectiveness of the discussion in the classroom is determined. The results of research on the efficacy of discussion show that the correct use of this method will increase the effectiveness of foreign language classes. Wide application of the method of discussion in solving problem situations promotes the development of logical, independent and critical thinking of students, allows them to acquire important personal and social activities skills to express and defend their point of view and at the same time listen to other people's opinions.

scholarly journals Potato Riots in the Trans-Urals Region as a Reflection of the Traditional Consciousness of the Russian Peasantry

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
I. S. Menshchikov ◽  
◽  
T. G. Pavlutskikh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Local Authorities

The article deals with the phenomenon of potato riots in the Trans-Urals region in the 1840s. Peasant unrest that engulfed the regions inhabited by state peasants cannot be understood simply as a manifestation of anti-feudal protests. Among the reasons for the revolts, rumors, discontent with local authorities, and irrational fears can also be named. The authors propose to consider these events from the point of view of the thinking of the Russian peasantry, in connection with the peculiarities of traditional culture. This approach gives a better understanding of the genesis of events, the suddenness of riots, and inexplicable cruelty in relation to fellow villagers and the clergy from a rational standpoint. Using specific examples, the authors analyze the role of rumors in the emergence of riots, the inability of the bureaucracy to understand the peculiarities of the consciousness of Siberian peasants, and the reasons for the peasants' hatred towards the rural authorities. Besides, attention is paid to the role of the rural clergy in the events. Based on a complex of historical sources, the authors try not only to reconstruct the course of events, but also to reveal the same and repeating lines of performances which occurred at different times and in different places. The riots of 1842 and 1843 took place at the same time (early spring), the rebels demanded that the authorities and the clergy show them documents on “selling them under a master”, and the refusal to demonstrate non-existent papers entailed torture and murder of clerks, country administration, and priests. Revolts were cruelly suppressed. The authors conclude that the main role in the emergence of potato riots was played by the peculiarities of the traditional type of thinking of the peasants and by the complex system of relations and contradictions in the Trans-Ural region. The unrest showed the reluctance and inability of the Russian bureaucracy to explain the essence and purpose of the innovations to the peasants.

scholarly journals Žinių kultūros ugdymas – strateginė akademinių bibliotekų valdymo kryptis

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Janina Pupelienė
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Academic Libraries ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Knowledge Culture ◽  
Management Literature

Akademinës bibliotekos, aktyviai dalyvaujanèios universitetiniø þiniø kûrimo ir ypaè sklaidos procesuose, yra stipriai veikiamos palyginti uþdaros akademinës aplinkos su jai bûdinga institucine autonomija ir vertybëmis, daþnai prieðingomis efektyvaus dalijimosi þiniomis kultûrai. Akademinës bibliotekos turi ieðkoti bûdø, kaip tapti atviromis, nauja darbo kultûra pasiþyminèiomis organizacijomis, kurti veiklos strategijas, kuriø ágyvendinimo sëkmæ daþnai lemia organizacijos vidinë kultûra. Dalijimosi þiniomis kultûra straipsnyje nagrinëjama kaip organizacijos bendros kultûros dalis. Aptariami galimi organizaciniai ir techniniai dalijimosi þiniomis metodai, ypaè pabrëþiant pasitikëjimo ir tarpusavio supratimo aplinkos kûrimà. Pagrindinis straipsnio tikslas – atlikti þiniø kultûros ugdymo organizacijose moksliniø publikacijø analizæ, tuo atkreipti Lietuvos bibliotekø vadovø dëmesá á ðià aktualià valdymo problemà ir paskatinti juos ugdyti savo vadovaujamose organizacijose tokià kultûrà. Atliekant tyrimà naudotasi mokslinës literatûros analizës metodu*. Development of knowledge culture – a strategic direction for the management of academic librariesJanina Pupelienė SummaryOver the last decade there is a continuing discussion on various aspects of modern organization in the management literature. The constant development of the individual’s skills and knowledge is being recognised as an important element of organization’s capacity to realise changes. Knowledge sharing is being treated as critical to organizations that use their knowledge as an asset to achieve competitive advantage. Academic libraries, being traditionally defined as information and knowledge related organizations, are being influenced by this discussion as well. These libraries have to develop a new strategy to correspond to this new working environment. From the point of management, Lithuanian academic libraries could be described as traditional and not very conductive to the knowledge sharing culture. In the article, this assumption is illustrated by some findings revealed by students of the Faculty of Communication of Vilnius University. From the author’s point of view, it is useful for the managers of Lithuanian academic libraries to be acquainted with the theoretical and practical ideas of the development of knowledge culture in organizations. The main purpose of this article is to review some latest publications on the development of knowledge culture and knowledge sharing in organizations. Sharing knowledge culture in most reviewed publications is regarded as part of the overall organizational culture. The main role of the individuals in the process of creation of organizational knowledge is stressed by most authors cited in the article. Organizations cannot create knowledge without individuals, so they have to support creative individuals and to provide the context for knowledge generation. There is a great variety of factors influencing the creation and development of knowledge culture mentioned in the knowledge management literature. The tenfactor model proposed by Oliver Stan and Kondal Reddy Kandadi, based on their empirical analysis, is introduced. These factors are leadership, evangelization, infrastructure, physical attributes, reward systems, communities of practice, business process, recruitment, time allocation, organizational structure. The great role of the leadership in the development of knowledge culture is recognized. On the basis of theoretical analysis some conclusions are made.

The Efficiency of Mandatory Pension Funds: Case of Croatia

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-94
Author(s):  
Bojana Olgić Draženović ◽  
Sabina Hodžić ◽  
Dario Maradin
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Capital Markets ◽  
Institutional Investors ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Data Envelopment

Abstract The aim of this paper is to examine performance of pension funds in Croatia, or more precisely, to measure the technical efficiency of mandatory pension funds. The main role of the pension funds is to collect and invest the money contributed by the employer or the employee during working years until retirement. Therefore, development of pension funds as institutional investors is especially important for capital markets as well as for the whole economy. By applying the methodology of data envelopment analysis on a sample of 12 DMUs, i.e. four mandatory pension funds divided into three categories (A, B or C) for 2015-2018 period, we provide further evidence on their efficiency level. The results have shown very small differences among relative inefficient pension funds.

Role of spectrin in membrane fusion and in shape change of human erythrocyte ghost

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
Hideo Hayashi ◽  
Yoshikazu Hirai ◽  
John T. Penniston
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Human Erythrocyte ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Slight Modification ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Bank Blood ◽  
Human Erythrocyte Ghost

Spectrin is a membrane associated protein most of which properties have been tentatively elucidated. A main role of the protein has been assumed to give a supporting structure to inside of the membrane. As reported previously, however, the isolated spectrin molecule underwent self assemble to form such as fibrous, meshwork, dispersed or aggregated arrangements depending upon the buffer suspended and was suggested to play an active role in the membrane conformational changes. In this study, the role of spectrin and actin was examined in terms of the molecular arrangements on the erythrocyte membrane surface with correlation to the functional states of the ghosts.Human erythrocyte ghosts were prepared from either freshly drawn or stocked bank blood by the method of Dodge et al with a slight modification as described before. Anti-spectrin antibody was raised against rabbit by injection of purified spectrin and partially purified.

Elucidation of block boundaries as the dissolution channels in hydrated cement

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 484-485
Author(s):  
N.V. Belov ◽  
U.I. Papiashwili ◽  
B.E. Yudovich
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Benzoyl Peroxide ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hardened Cement ◽  
Hydrated Cement ◽  
Hardened Cement Paste

It has been almost universally adopted that dissolution of solids proceeds with development of uniform, continuous frontiers of reaction.However this point of view is doubtful / 1 /. E.g. we have proved the active role of the block (grain) boundaries in the main phases of cement, these boundaries being the areas of hydrate phases' nucleation / 2 /. It has brought to the supposition that the dissolution frontier of cement particles in water is discrete. It seems also probable that the dissolution proceeds through the channels, which serve both for the liquid phase movement and for the drainage of the incongruant solution products. These channels can be appeared along the block boundaries.In order to demonsrate it, we have offered the method of phase-contrast impregnation of the hardened cement paste with the solution of methyl metacrylahe and benzoyl peroxide. The viscosity of this solution is equal to that of water.

Mesophyll conductance: the leaf corridors for photosynthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Gago ◽  
Danilo M. Daloso ◽  
Marc Carriquí ◽  
Miquel Nadal ◽  
Melanie Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Mesophyll Conductance ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Change Framework ◽  
Chloroplast Stroma

Besides stomata, the photosynthetic CO2 pathway also involves the transport of CO2 from the sub-stomatal air spaces inside to the carboxylation sites in the chloroplast stroma, where Rubisco is located. This pathway is far to be a simple and direct way, formed by series of consecutive barriers that the CO2 should cross to be finally assimilated in photosynthesis, known as the mesophyll conductance (gm). Therefore, the gm reflects the pathway through different air, water and biophysical barriers within the leaf tissues and cell structures. Currently, it is known that gm can impose the same level of limitation (or even higher depending of the conditions) to photosynthesis than the wider known stomata or biochemistry. In this mini-review, we are focused on each of the gm determinants to summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms driving gm from anatomical to metabolic and biochemical perspectives. Special attention deserve the latest studies demonstrating the importance of the molecular mechanisms driving anatomical traits as cell wall and the chloroplast surface exposed to the mesophyll airspaces (Sc/S) that significantly constrain gm. However, even considering these recent discoveries, still is poorly understood the mechanisms about signaling pathways linking the environment a/biotic stressors with gm responses. Thus, considering the main role of gm as a major driver of the CO2 availability at the carboxylation sites, future studies into these aspects will help us to understand photosynthesis responses in a global change framework.

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