scholarly journals A New Approach in High Precision Bone Surgery: Semi-Automatic Alignment of an Application-Specific Instrument Guide Adjusted by a Smart Screwdriver

10.29007/bp2d ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Theisgen ◽  
Sabine Jeromin ◽  
Manuel Vossel ◽  
Sylvain Billet ◽  
Klaus Radermacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Chain ◽  
Lateral Direction ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Surgical Workflow ◽  
Bone Surgery ◽  
Handheld Device ◽  
Automatic Alignment ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Application Specific

Robotic surgical systems reduce the cognitive workload of the surgeon by assisting in guidance and operational tasks. As a result, higher precision and a decreased surgery time are achieved, while human errors are minimised. However, most of robotic systems are expensive, bulky and limited to specific applications.In this paper a novel semi-automatic robotic system is evaluated that offers the high accuracies of robotic surgery while remaining small, universally applicable and easy to use. The system is composed of a universally applicable handheld device, called Smart Screwdriver (SSD) and an application specific kinematic chain serving as a tool guide. The guide mechanism is equipped with motion screws. By inserting the SSD into a screw head, the screw is identified automatically and the required number of revolutions is executed to achieve the desired pose of the tool guide.The usability of the system was evaluated according to IEC 60601-1-6 using pedicle screw implementation as an example. The achieved positioning accuracies of the drill sleeve were comparable to those of SpineAssist from Mazor Robotics Ltd., Caesarea (IL) with -0.54 ± 0.93 mm (max: 2.08 mm) in medial/lateral-direction and 0.17 ± 0.51 mm (max: 1.39 mm) in cranial/caudal-direction in the pedicle isthmus. Additionally, the system is cost-efficient, safe, easy to integrate in the surgical workflow and universally applicable to applications in which a static position in one or more DOF is to be adjusted.

An approach to mechanism topology identification with consideration of design processes progression

1997 ◽  
Vol 211 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
W J Zhang ◽  
A J Klein Breteler
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Design ◽  
Kinematic Chain ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Design Processes ◽  
Topology Identification ◽  
Abstraction Levels

This paper deals with mechanism (including kinematic chain) identification with respect to topology. It is argued in the paper that the meaning of mechanism topology should have certain different abstraction levels in terms of different mechanism design tasks or processes. As such, four abstraction levels of mechanism topology are proposed and described. A new approach to mechanism topology identification with consideration of all these proposed levels is presented and described. One of the main features of this new approach is to extend the existing incident degree code approach. Examples are given to exhibit its effectiveness, compared with some existing methods.

scholarly journals A new approach to the identification of high-potential materials for cost-efficient membrane-based post-combustion CO2capture

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 1225-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Roussanaly ◽  
Rahul Anantharaman ◽  
Karl Lindqvist ◽  
Brede Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Cement Plant ◽  
Significant Cost ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Cost Reductions ◽  
Cost Efficient

Identification of polymeric materials with a high potential to achieve significant cost-reductions for membrane-based CO2capture from a cement plant.

Innovation Synthesis of Basic Configurationof Epicyclic Gear Trains with Three-Degrees of Freedom

2011 ◽  
Vol 199-200 ◽  
pp. 358-364
Author(s):  
Heng Bin Ren ◽  
Mao Lin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Kinematic Chain ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Epicyclic Gear ◽  
Gear Trains ◽  
Train System ◽  
Three Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Basic Configuration

Epicyclical gear trains with three-degrees of freedom have found its wide application as the development of new technique. Currently, nearly all domestic researches on epicyclical gear trains with three or more degrees of freedom are aimed at the practical application, and scare works systematically investigate basic configuration and synthesis of the train system. An innovation synthesis method is proposed based on the compound joint kinematic chain and the substitution of low pair with high pair for epicyclical gear trains with three-degrees of freedom, and the possible independent basic configurations of epicyclical gear trains with three-degrees of freedom are obtained by applying the proposed method and the utilization of the method is also discussed. The method provides not only a new approach for innovation synthesis of epicyclical gear trains but also a few basic configurations of epicyclical gear trains with three-degrees of freedom for practice design.

scholarly journals A Cost-Efficient Autonomous Air Defense System for National Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Fazle Rabby Khan ◽  
Md. Muhabullah ◽  
Roksana Islam ◽  
Mohammad Monirujjaman Khan ◽  
Mehedi Masud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
National Security ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Air Defense ◽  
Detection Stage ◽  
Average Loss ◽  
Cost Efficient

In a country, air defense systems are designed to reduce threats efficiently. An air defense system is a fundamental part of any country because it provides national security. This study presents an autonomous air defense system (AADS) development that will automatically detect aerial threats (e.g., drones) and target them without any human intervention. The AADS is implemented using radar, camera, and laser gun. The radar system dynamically emits microwaves and detects moving objects around it. It triggers the camera system if it senses the frequency of any aerial threat. The camera receives the radar’s signal and detects using a neural network algorithm whether it is a threat or not. Neural network algorithms are used for the detection and classification of objects. The laser gun locks its target if the live video feed classifies an object as a more than 75% threat. In the detection stage, an average loss of 0.184961 was achieved using YOLOv3 and 0.155 using the Faster-RCNN. This system will ensure that no human errors are made while detecting threats in a region and improve national safety.

An Efficient Algorithm for Measurement and Comparison of Large-Scale Hull Pieces in the Line-Heating Process

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Jong Gye Shin ◽  
Jong-Moo Lee ◽  
Jong-Ho Nam
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Efficient Algorithm ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Control Software ◽  
Comparison System ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
New Approach

When a curved plate is subject to deformation during the forming operation in the shipbuilding process, the deformed shape is repeatedly measured and compared to the designed shape. Because there are a number of large curved plates of different sizes and shapes, efficient measuring and comparison processes are essential to examine the quality of deformed plates rapidly and accurately, and consequently to enhance productivity in the whole manufacturing process. Currently, deformed plates are measured and examined using traditional templates. This practice is not only time-consuming but prone to human errors. Therefore, a new approach to streamlining the measurement and comparison processes needs to be proposed. In this paper, an efficient algorithm for the measurement and comparison of curved plates is introduced. A full-scale measurement machine with its control software is constructed, and an algorithm for the comparison system is implemented. The integrated algorithm is verified with many curved pieces of different sizes and shapes.

A New Approach to the Classic Structure for Robotic Arc Welding Systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 429-434
Author(s):  
Nicolae Joni
Keyword(s):  
Arc Welding ◽  
Kinematic Chain ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Element ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Robotic Arc Welding ◽  
Welding System ◽  
Kinematic Point ◽  
Original Concept

Starting from the analysis of the modern robotic arc welding system from the kinematic point of view, the paper presents an original concept of the systems structure. Instead a combination of two open chains, as it is generally seen, the author proposes one single closed kinematic chain. The main element of this chain is the electric arc employed for welding, virtually seen as a vector which connects the two open chains, the robot and the part manipulator. This new approach could possibly change and simplify the way arc welding robots are programmed today.

Multi-Purpose Model of SOFC Hybrid Systems

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Ghigliazza ◽  
Alberto Traverso ◽  
Mario L. Ferrari ◽  
John Wingate
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Control System Design ◽  
New Approach ◽  
System A ◽  
And Control ◽  
Direct Use ◽  
Application Specific

The Multi-Purpose Model represents a new methodology for developing model based tools for control system design and verification. The Multi-Purpose Model, as described in this paper, simulates a SOFC hybrid system — a challenging and innovative application of dynamic modelling and control. Real-time modelling is a recognised approach to monitor advanced systems and to improve control capabilities. Applications of Real-Time (RT) models are commonly used in the automotive and aerospace fields. Starting from existing TRANSEO components and models, a new approach to fit hybrid system application has been developed. Original C-based models have been translated into embedded Matlab functions for direct use within Matlab-Simulink. The resulting models have then been used to autogenerate c-code with the Real-Time Workshop. The C-code has then been compiled to produce application specific executables.

scholarly journals Policy Learning With Observational Data

Econometrica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Athey ◽  
Stefan Wager
Keyword(s):  
Observational Data ◽  
Functional Form ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Efficient Estimation ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Robust Estimator ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Doubly Robust ◽  
Application Specific

In many areas, practitioners seek to use observational data to learn a treatment assignment policy that satisfies application‐specific constraints, such as budget, fairness, simplicity, or other functional form constraints. For example, policies may be restricted to take the form of decision trees based on a limited set of easily observable individual characteristics. We propose a new approach to this problem motivated by the theory of semiparametrically efficient estimation. Our method can be used to optimize either binary treatments or infinitesimal nudges to continuous treatments, and can leverage observational data where causal effects are identified using a variety of strategies, including selection on observables and instrumental variables. Given a doubly robust estimator of the causal effect of assigning everyone to treatment, we develop an algorithm for choosing whom to treat, and establish strong guarantees for the asymptotic utilitarian regret of the resulting policy.

scholarly journals Overview on the digitized production of welded steel structures

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuomas Skriko ◽  
Antti Ahola ◽  
Timo Björk
Keyword(s):  
High Strength Steels ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Robotic Welding ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Ultra High Strength Steels ◽  
Cost Efficient

Abstract This paper presents a concept and practical topics involved in digitized production. The term “production” denotes the design, fabrication, and service life of a product, which in this case elaborates on welded steel structures. This includes the required information for guiding all the process stages of the chosen material back to its re-melting, following the material flow in a fully digitized form. This concept enables an increase in production quality at a higher level while minimizing the risk of human errors. Automation of the short-run production of steel structures for demanding applications is also a key goal, together with securing a cost-efficient process. Typically, such structures are fabricated from high- or ultra-high-strength steels. Though challenging, reaching these aims seems to be realistic by applying advanced fatigue design methods, using high-quality robotic welding and receiving information about the real loading of the structure.

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