scholarly journals Effect of Magnet Shapes on Metal Contamination Removal

10.29007/9pvg ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Ohnishi ◽  
Takashi Okamoto ◽  
Keiichi Watanuki
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Metal Particles ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Metal Detectors ◽  
Manufacturing Yield ◽  
Small Metal Particles

Foreign metal removal is a key process in the quality control of food and pharmaceutical industries. Previously, foreign metal removal involved the use of metal detectors. However, in recent years, magnet separators have been used to capture small metal particles and to improve the manufacturing yield when installed with previous metal detectors. Currently, most foreign metal material is austenitic stainless steel because product process equipment are manufactured using the same in order to make them corrosion proof. SUS304 and SUS316L are used commonly. Small metal particles adhere to the equipment by sliding and other processes thus contaminating the equipment. Austenitic stainless steels are not magnetized; however, weak magnetization is observed through martensite transformation during sliding and collisions. However, it is not easy to remove small stainless steel particles in production processes that involve powder flow. In this study, we investigated the removal rate of small stainless steel particles by three magnets of different shapes under the same conditions.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Drilling Small Hole on Duplex Stainless Steel (SS 2205) Using EDM

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rajaram ◽  
G. Rajkumar ◽  
R. Balasundaram ◽  
D. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Input Parameter ◽  
Operating Parameter ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Spark Gap ◽  
Machinability Index

Abstract This work investigates drilling of small holes of 3 mm in diameter on duplex stainless steel. Its machinability index is very low (0.66) when compared to other steels; hence, electrical discharge machining is used. The input parameters are current, spark gap, and dielectric pressure. Each input parameter is considered for three levels. Therefore, the total number of experiments is 3 × 3 × 3 = 27. To reduce the number of runs, Taguchi L9 orthogonal array is used, which have the advantage of maximum and minimum trial runs in its design. The output response is metal removal rate (MRR). To find the best operating parameter, the regression model generated using ANOVA is given as input for MATLAB genetic algorithm (GA). The experimental results indicated that models are significant. The test result indicated that the contribution of the current on the MRR is 42.42%, dielectric pressure is 35.36%, and spark gap is 1.93%. From GA, it is observed that among these three factors, lower value of current and dielectric pressure produced the maximum MRR. The SS 2205 has wide variety of applications, such as high pressure components and control valves, which have large number of components attached to it. Hence, performing micro holes on such high hardness alloy is useful.

Comparison of Process Parameters on Mild Steel and SS304 Through Statistical Analysis of Optimization Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 888-893
Author(s):  
Vinit Kumar ◽  
Mazhar Hussain ◽  
Rajnish Singh ◽  
Shashank Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Stainless Steel 304

The present study concentrated on the variation of process parameters on metal removal rate (MRR) used in turning of widely used material (stainless steel 304 and Mild steel). Turning is essential and robust process of material removal in the form of chips. The Turning process involved lots of process parameters as tool geometry, feed rate, rotational speed of job and rigidity of machine tools etc. In the present work study was done on the following cutting parameters as cutting speed (85,150 and 250 rpm), feed rate (0.13, 0.28 and 0.15, 0.09 mm/sec), depth of cut (0.4, 0.7 and 1 mm). The three label orthogonal array for process parameters were selected for metal removal rate analysis. The carbide tipped cutting tool was selected as cutting tool of positive rake angle. The analysis of process parameters was done through Minitab 17 software. The orthogonal array was selected 3*3; by the use of signal to noise (S/N) ratio is to minimise the variation due to uncontrolled parameters with the help of Taguchi method. Total nine experiments were performing on stainless steel and other set of nine experiments were perform on the mild steel. The experimental results reveals that moderate cutting speed 150 rpm, 0.09 mm/sec feed rate and 1 mm depth of cut yield good results for stainless steel 304 grade and mild steel.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Drilling Small Hole on Duplex Stainless Steel (SS2205) Using EDM

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-294
Author(s):  
S. Rajaram ◽  
G. RajKumar ◽  
R. Balasundaram ◽  
D. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machine ◽  
Operating Parameter ◽  
Metal Removal Rate ◽  
Spark Gap ◽  
Electric Pressure

AbstractThis work investigates drilling of small holes of Ø 3 mm on duplex Stainless Steel. Its machinability index is very low (0.66) as compared to other steels, hence Electrical Discharge Machine is used. The input parameters are Current, Spark Gap & Di electric Pressure. Each input parameter is considered for 3 levels. Therefore total number of experiments is 3×3×3 – 27. To reduce the number of runs, Taguchi L9 orthogonal array is used, which is having advantage of maximum and minimum trial runs in its design. The output response is metal removal rate. To find the best operating parameter, the regression model of ANOVA is given to input of MAT Lab-Genetic Algorithm. The experimental results indicated that models are significant. The test result indicated that the contributions of current is 42.42%, Di electric pressure is 35.36% and Spark gap is 1.93% on metal removal rate. From Genetic Algorithm it is observed among three levels of factors, lower value of current and Di electric pressure produced maximum metal removal rate. The SS 2205 has wide variety of applications such as high pressure components, control valves etc., which are having large number of components to it. Hence performing micro holes on such high hardness alloy is useful.

Electron Microscopy of the Shape of Small Metal Particles

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 300-301
Author(s):  
M. Jose Yacaman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Metal Particle ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Metal Particles ◽  
Bragg Condition ◽  
Crystal Particle ◽  
Small Metal Particle ◽  
Small Metal Particles

In the Study of small metal particles the shape is a very Important parameter. Using electron microscopy Ino and Owaga(l) have studied the shape of twinned particles of gold. In that work electron diffraction and contrast (dark field) experiments were used to produce models of a crystal particle. In this work we report a method which can give direct information about the shape of an small metal particle in the amstrong- size range with high resolution. The diffraction pattern of a sample containing small metal particles contains in general several systematic and non- systematic reflections and a two-beam condition can not be used in practice. However a N-beam condition produces a reduced extinction distance. On the other hand if a beam is out of the bragg condition the effective extinction distance is even more reduced.

Investigation of cluster layers of small netal particles by TEM, SEM, EELS and by photoacoustic spectroscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
H. Seiler ◽  
U. Haas ◽  
K.H. Körtje
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Material ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Metal Particles ◽  
Silver Particles ◽  
Low Loss ◽  
Plasmon Excitation ◽  
First Results ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Small Metal Particles

The physical properties of small metal particles reveal an intermediate position between atomic and bulk material. Especially Ag has shown pronounced size effects. We compared silver layers evaporated in high vacuum with cluster layers of small silver particles, evaporated in N2 at a pressure of about 102 Pa. The investigations were performed by electron optical methods (TEM, SEM, EELS) and by Photoacoustic (PA) Spectroscopy (gas-microphone detection).The observation of cluster layers with TEM and high resolution SEM show small silver particles with diameters of about 50 nm (Fig. 1 and Figure 2, respectively). The electron diffraction patterns of homogeneous Ag layers and of cluster layers are similar, whereas the low loss EELS spectra due to plasmon excitation are quite different. Fig. 3 and Figure 4 show first results of EELS spectra of a cluster layer of small silver particles on carbon foil and of a homogeneous Ag layer, respectively.

Coherent electron nanodiffraction from clean silver nano particles in a UHV STEM

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1058-1059
Author(s):  
J. Liu ◽  
M. Pan ◽  
G. E. Spinnler
Keyword(s):  
Supported Catalysts ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Metal Particles ◽  
Shape Structure ◽  
Dynamical Simulations ◽  
Small Metal Particles ◽  
Extract Information

Small metal particles have peculiar chemical and physical properties as compared to bulk materials. They are especially important in catalysis since metal particles are common constituents of supported catalysts. The structural characterization of small particles is of primary importance for the understanding of structure-catalytic activity relationships. The shape and size of metal particles larger than approximately 5 nm in diameter can be determined by several imaging techniques. It is difficult, however, to deduce the shape of smaller metal particles. Coherent electron nanodiffraction (CEND) patterns from nano particles contain information about the particle size, shape, structure and defects etc. As part of an on-going program of STEM characterization of supported catalysts we report some preliminary results of CEND study of Ag nano particles, deposited in situ in a UHV STEM instrument, and compare the experimental results with full dynamical simulations in order to extract information about the shape of Ag nano particles.

Performance Analysis on Eco-friendly Machining of Ti6Al4V using Powder Mixed with Different Dielectrics in WEDM

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 8128-8139
Author(s):  
S. Chakraborty ◽  
S. Mitra ◽  
D. Bose
Keyword(s):  
Metal Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Dielectric Fluids ◽  
High Emission ◽  
Pulse On Time ◽  
Pulse Off Time ◽  
Wedm Process

The recent scenario of modern manufacturing is tremendously improved in the sense of precision machining and abstaining from environmental pollution and hazard issues. In the present work, Ti6Al4V is machined through wire EDM (WEDM) process with powder mixed dielectric and analyzed the influence of input parameters and inherent hazard issues. WEDM has different parameters such as peak current, pulse on time, pulse off time, gap voltage, wire speed, wire tension and so on, as well as dielectrics with powder mixed. These are playing an essential role in WEDM performances to improve the process efficiency by developing the surface texture, microhardness, and metal removal rate. Even though the parameter’s influencing, the study of environmental effect in the WEDM process is very essential during the machining process due to the high emission of toxic vapour by the high discharge energy. In the present study, three different dielectric fluids were used, including deionised water, kerosene, and surfactant added deionised water and analysed the data by taking one factor at a time (OFAT) approach. From this study, it is established that dielectric types and powder significantly improve performances with proper set of machining parameters and find out the risk factor associated with the PMWEDM process.

ALZ 316

Alloy Digest ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Heat Treating

Abstract ALZ 316 is an austenitic stainless steel with good formability, corrosion resistance, toughness, and mechanical properties. It is the basic grade of the stainless steels, containing 2 to 3% molybdenum. After the 304 series, the molybdenum-containing stainless steels are the most widely used austenitic stainless steels. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SS-756. Producer or source: ALZ nv.

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