scholarly journals Centrality Metrics for Water Distribution Networks

10.29007/7lxd ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonietta Simone ◽  
Luca Ridolfi ◽  
Daniele Laucelli ◽  
Luigi Berardi ◽  
Orazio Giustolisi
Keyword(s):  
Network Theory ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Networked Systems ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Complex Network Theory ◽  
Infrastructure Networks ◽  
Centrality Metrics

Complex Network Theory (CNT) studies theoretical and physical systems as networks, considering their features deriving from the internal connectivity between elements defined as vertex and links. In order to quantify the importance of these elements in real networked systems, researches proposed several centrality metrics.The use of CNT centrality metrics for analysis, planning and management of infrastructure networks (streets, water systems, etc.), for example in terms of reliability and vulnerability, is today a relevant issue also considering their influences in socio- economics and environmental matters. From CNT standpoint, water distribution networks (WDNs) are infrastructure networks that can be analyzed considering some peculiar features deriving from their spatial characteristics.The paper focuses on CNT centrality metrics and proposes novel hydraulic centrality metrics useful for understanding the WDNs behavior. Furthermore, the study is intended to evaluate the feasibility of coupling hydraulic and topologic centrality metrics based on links, in order to obtain information that are more useful from the hydraulic point of view. This way, centrality metrics of the CNT become a complementary tool to hydraulic modelling for WDNs analysis and management.

scholarly journals Complex Network Theory for Water Distribution Networks Analysis

10.29007/w1bk ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonietta Simone ◽  
Luca Ridolfi ◽  
Luigi Berardi ◽  
Daniele Laucelli ◽  
Orazio Giustolisi
Keyword(s):  
Complex Network ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Networked Systems ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Complex Network Theory ◽  
Connectivity Structure

Performance of networked systems greatly depends on their topologic or connectivity structure. Nowadays, the analysis of the relevant features influencing the emerging behavior of networked systems is possible because of the increasing computational power and availability of information. Complex Network Theory classifies the connectivity structures of real systems using the nodal degree, the average path length, the clustering coefficient and the probability of connection. However, networked city infrastructures, e.g. water distribution networks (WDNs), are constrained by the spatial characteristics of the environment where they are laid. Therefore, networked infrastructures are classified as spatial networks and the classification of their connectivity structure requires a modification of the classic framework. To this purpose, the paper proposes a classification of WDNs using the neighbourhood nodal degree instead of the classic degree, the network size instead of the probability of connection and the classic average path length. The research will show that the clustering coefficient is not useful to describe the behavior of these constrained systems.

Edge betweenness for water distribution networks domain analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonietta Simone ◽  
Francesco G. Ciliberti ◽  
Daniele B. Laucelli ◽  
Luigi Berardi ◽  
Orazio Giustolisi
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Shortest Paths ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Complex Network Theory ◽  
Topological Features ◽  
Hydraulic Behaviour ◽  
Centrality Metrics ◽  
Edge Betweenness

Abstract Complex network theory (CNT) studies the relevance of elements in networks using centrality metrics. From the CNT standpoint, water distribution networks (WDNs) are infrastructure networks composed by vertices, named nodes, connected to each other by edges, named pipes, that transfer water to customers following a transfer process based on shortest paths. The present paper proposes the domain analysis of several real WDNs using the edge betweenness in order to capture the hydraulic behaviour based on network structure, i.e., for understanding the role of topological features in the emergent hydraulic behaviour. The strategy is obtained by tailoring CNT studies and tools in order to (i) embed the different hydraulic roles of sources and demand nodes, (ii) move the classic concept of centrality from the nodes to the pipes, i.e., the technically relevant components for WDNs and (iii) include information related to the directional devices, because they constrain flow directions. Results show the usefulness of the novel WDN-tailored edge betweenness for the WDN domain analysis. Therefore, the metric can represent a useful tool for supporting WDNs analysis, design and management tasks.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Segment Graph of Water Distribution Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Huzsvár ◽  
Richárd Wéber ◽  
Csaba János Hős
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Complex Network Theory ◽  
Graph Properties ◽  
Quantitative Topology ◽  
The Impact

One of the basic infrastructures of every settlement is the water distribution system, which provides clean and potable water for both private houses, industrial consumers and institution establishments. The operational robustness and vulnerabilities of these networks is an essential issue, both for the quality of life and for the preservation of the environment. Even with frequent and careful maintenance, unintentional pipe bursts might occur, and during the reparation time, the damaged section must be isolated hydraulically from the main body of the water distribution network. Due to the size and complexity of these networks, it might not be trivial how to isolate the burst section, especially if one wishes to minimize the impact on the overall system. This paper presents an algorithmic method that is capable of creating isolation plans for real-life networks in a computationally efficient way, based on the graph properties of the network. Besides this segmentation plan, the topological behavior of the structural graph properties was analyzed with the help of the complex network theory to create a method for the quantitative topology based categorization of the water distribution networks.

RISKNOUGHT: Stress-testing platform for cyber-physical water distribution networks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionysios Nikolopoulos ◽  
Georgios Moraitis ◽  
Dimitrios Bouziotas ◽  
Archontia Lykou ◽  
George Karavokiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Stress Testing ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Control Logic ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Testing Platform ◽  
The Impact

<p>Emergent threats in the water sector have the form of cyber-physical attacks that target SCADA systems of water utilities. Examples of attacks include chemical/biological contamination, disruption of communications between network elements and manipulating sensor data. RISKNOUGHT is an innovative cyber-physical stress testing platform, capable of modelling water distribution networks as cyber-physical systems. The platform simulates information flow of the cyber layer’s networking and computational elements and the feedback interactions with the physical processes under control. RISKNOUGHT utilizes an EPANET-based solver with pressure-driven analysis functionality for the physical process and a customizable network model for the SCADA system representation, which is capable of implementing complex control logic schemes within a simulation. The platform enables the development of composite cyber-physical attacks on various elements of the SCADA including sensors, actuators and PLCs, assessing the impact they have on the hydraulic response of the distribution network, the quality of supplied water and the level of service to consumers. It is envisaged that this platform could help water utilities navigate the ever-changing risk landscape of the digital era and help address some of the modern challenges due to the ongoing transformation of water infrastructure into cyber-physical systems.</p>

Tailoring Centrality Metrics for Water Distribution Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 2348-2369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orazio Giustolisi ◽  
Luca Ridolfi ◽  
Antonietta Simone
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Centrality Metrics

scholarly journals Little Knowledge Isn’t Always Dangerous—Understanding Water Distribution Networks Using Centrality Metrics

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iyswarya Narayanan ◽  
Arunchandar Vasan ◽  
Venkatesh Sarangan ◽  
Jamsheeda Kadengal ◽  
Anand Sivasubramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Centrality Metrics

scholarly journals Perspectives of Water Distribution Networks with the GreenValve System

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Ferrarese ◽  
Stefano Malavasi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Remote Control ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Standard Pressure ◽  
Pressure Reducing Valve

In recent years, water utilities have made worldwide investments targeted to the implementation of an effective monitoring system and the installation of pressure-reducing valves in strategic nodes of water distribution networks. In fact, these interventions are considered fast and effective solutions to address at least two main concerns of modern water utilities: leakage reduction and energy efficiency. The present paper, on the basis of a database of working conditions of installed pressure-reducing valves, discusses the range of applicability of the GreenValve system (GVS) as an alternative solution to improving standard pressure-reducing valve capabilities. The device is able to recover energy, and it can be used to create a stand-alone monitoring node with remote control ability, optimizing the network from an energetic, functional, and hydraulic point of view.

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