scholarly journals Verification, Testing, and Runtime Monitoring of Automotive Exhaust Emissions

10.29007/6zxt ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Hermanns ◽  
Sebastian Biewer ◽  
Pedro R. D'Argenio ◽  
Maximilian A. Köhl
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Embedded Software ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Runtime Monitoring ◽  
Control Software ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Black Box Testing ◽  
Diesel Emission ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Formal Techniques

Emission cleaning in modern cars is controlled by embedded software. In this context, the diesel emission scandal has made it apparent that the automotive industry is susceptible to fraudulent behaviour, implemented and effectuated by that control software. Mass effects make the individual controllers altogether have statistically significant adverse effects on people’s health. This paper surveys recent work on the use of rigorous formal techniques to attack this problem. It starts off with an introduction into the dimension and facets of the problem from a software technology perspective. It then details approaches to use (i) model checking for the white-box analysis of the embedded software, (ii) model- based black-box testing to detect fraudulent behaviour under standardized conditions, and (iii) synthesis of runtime monitors for real driving emissions of cars in-the-wild. All these efforts aim at finding ways to eventually ban the problem of doped software, that is, of software that surreptitiously alters its behaviour in certain circumstances – against the interest of the owner or of society.

scholarly journals A Case Study of Black-Box Testing for Embedded Software using Test Automation Tool

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changhyun Baek ◽  
Joongsoon Jang ◽  
Gihyun Jung ◽  
Kyunghee Choi ◽  
Seungkyu Park
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Software ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Test Automation ◽  
Black Box Testing

Pengujian pada Aplikasi Penggajian Pegawai dengan menggunakan Metode Blackbox

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Vadlan Febrian ◽  
Muhamad Rizki Ramadhan ◽  
Muhammad Faisal ◽  
Aries Saifudin
Keyword(s):  
Data Entry ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Application Form ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Test Function ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Black Box Testing ◽  
Sample Testing ◽  
Testing Techniques ◽  
Program Error

In this employee payroll application, if there is an error program there will be a loss for employees and the company. Losses for employees, if this application program error occurs then the salary reduction will experience delays due to the difficulty in the process of calculating employee salaries and employees will be late in receiving salaries. Losses for the company, if there is an error program in this application, the company will suffer losses if the employee wants a salary reduction quickly but the company cannot calculate quickly and accurately. In solving this problem, the authors use the black box testing method. Black box testing method is a test that sees the results of execution through test data and ensures the function of the software. Black box testing method has several testing techniques, namely Sample Testing, Boundary Value Analysis, Equivalence Partitions and others. From the testing techniques that have been mentioned, we use the Equivalence Partitions testing technique. Equivalence Partitions are tests that refer to data entry on the employee payroll application form, input will be tested and then put together based on the test function, both valid and invalid values. The expected results of this test are a payroll system for employees who are computerized, have standard rules in the process of developing the program so that it is easy to develop and maintain, and can minimize errors in processing salary calculations for employees.

Pengujian Sistem Informasi Inventory Pada Perusahaan Distributor Farmasi Menggunakan Metode Black Box Testing

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Lila Setiyani
Keyword(s):  
Black Box ◽  
End User ◽  
Purchase Order ◽  
Black Box Testing ◽  
Unified Process

Pengelolaan dan pengontrolan produk sangat dibutuhkan oleh perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang distribusi farmasi, karena perusahaan distribusi farmasi membutuhkan perencanaan dan pengendalian persediaan dalam hal ini produk farmasi terkait dengan tanggal expired dan batch. Pada tahap analisis kebutuhan sistem terdapat beberapa prosedur yang terkait dengan inventory perusahaan distributor produk farmasi diantaranya adalah pengelolaan qoutation, sales order purchase order, penerimaan barang, retur barang, surat jalan, invoice, pembayaran, barang rusak dan pemusnahan barang. Sistem inventory untuk perusahaan distributor produk farmasi telah berhasil dibangun menggunakan metode Agile Unified Process dengan empat tahapan yaitu inception, elaboration, construction, dan transition. Pada tahapan transition dilakukan pengujian sistem inventory dengan menggunakan metode black box testing. Pengujian menggunakan black box testing ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui error yang terjadi ketika sistem digunakan oleh end user dengan pengujian data normal dan data tidak normal

scholarly journals Group size and aquatic vegetation modulates male preferences for female shoals in wild zebrafish, Danio rerio

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Ghoshal ◽  
Anuradha Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Aquatic Flora ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Individual

AbstractShoaling decisions in the wild are determined by a combination of innate preferences of the individual along with the interplay of multiple ecological factors. In their natural habitat as well as in the laboratory, zebrafish is a shoaling fish. Here, we investigate the role of group size and associated vegetation in shaping shoaling preferences of wild male zebrafish. We studied the association preference of males to groups of female shoals in a multi-choice test design. We found that males made greater proportion of visits to an 8-female group compared to 2 and 4-female groups. However, males spent similar proportions of time across the three female-containing groups. When artificial vegetation was incorporated along with female number as an additional factor, we found that males prefer high and moderately vegetated patches compared to low or no-vegetation groups, irrespective of the number of females in these patches. Based on experiments using a novel multi-choice design, our results show that preference for group size can change due to interaction of two separate factors. This work is a first attempt to understand the role of aquatic flora in determining shoaling preferences in zebrafish, using an experimental paradigm consisting of a gradation in female and vegetation densities.

scholarly journals Phenotypic plasticity of labile traits in the wild

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon E. Brommer
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Quantitative Genetic Parameters

Abstract Individual-based studies allow quantification of phenotypic plasticity in behavioural, life-history and other labile traits. The study of phenotypic plasticity in the wild can shed new light on the ultimate objectives (1) whether plasticity itself can evolve or is constrained by its genetic architecture, and (2) whether plasticity is associated to other traits, including fitness (selection). I describe the main statistical approach for how repeated records of individuals and a description of the environment (E) allow quantification of variation in plasticity across individuals (IxE) and genotypes (GxE) in wild populations. Based on a literature review of life-history and behavioural studies on plasticity in the wild, I discuss the present state of the two objectives listed above. Few studies have quantified GxE of labile traits in wild populations, and it is likely that power to detect statistically significant GxE is lacking. Apart from the issue of whether it is heritable, plasticity tends to correlate with average trait expression (not fully supported by the few genetic estimates available) and may thus be evolutionary constrained in this way. Individual-specific estimates of plasticity tend to be related to other traits of the individual (including fitness), but these analyses may be anti-conservative because they predominantly concern stats-on-stats. Despite the increased interest in plasticity in wild populations, the putative lack of power to detect GxE in such populations hinders achieving general insights. I discuss possible steps to invigorate the field by moving away from simply testing for presence of GxE to analyses that ‘scale up’ to population level processes and by the development of new behavioural theory to identify quantitative genetic parameters which can be estimated.

scholarly journals Property and Organization Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Bencherki ◽  
Alaric Bourgoin
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Crack Open ◽  
Legal Definition ◽  
The Many ◽  
Property Changes ◽  
The Individual

Property is pervasive, and yet we organization scholars rarely discuss it. When we do, we think of it as a black-boxed concept to explain other phenomena, rather than studying it in its own right. This may be because organization scholars tend to limit their understanding of property to its legal definition, and emphasize control and exclusion as its defining criteria. This essay wishes to crack open the black box of property and explore the many ways in which possessive relations are established. They are achieved through work, take place as we make sense of signs, are invoked into existence in our speech acts, and travel along sociomaterial networks. Through a fictionalized account of a photographic exhibition, we show that property overflows its usual legal-economic definition. Building on the case of the photographic exhibit, we show that recognizing the diversity of property changes our rapport with organization studies as a field, by unifying its approaches to the individual-vs.-collective dilemma. We conclude by noting that if theories can make a difference, then whoever controls the assignment of property – including academics who ascribe properties to their objects of study – decides not only who has or who owns what, but also who or what that person or thing can be.

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan untuk Menentukan Penerima Bantuan Beasiswa dengan Metode AHP dan TOPSIS

Sainteks ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Rima Dwi Mainingsih ◽  
Muhammad Hamka
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Ideal Solution ◽  
Order Preference ◽  
Black Box Testing ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Salah satu program LAZISMU Banyumas adalah beasiswa. Beasiswa merupakan pemberian bantuan keuangan yang diberikan kepada perorangan yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas SDM atau Sumber Daya Manusia melalui pendidikan. Permasalahan di LAZISMU, sistem bantuan beasiswa masih bersifat manual maka diperlukan suatu sistem pendukung keputusan (SPK) untuk memperhitungkan segala kriteria yang mendukung pengambilan keputusan guna membantu, mempercepat dan mempermudah proses pengambilan keputusan. Metode yang digunakan pada sistem pendukung keputusan adalah metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) dan metode TOPSIS. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) yang digunakan untuk memperbaiki nilai bobot dari kriteria. Nilai bobot yang dihasilkan dari metode AHP selanjutnya digunakan untuk menentukan proses peranking calon penerima bantuan beasiswa menggunakan metode Technique For Order Preference By Similarity To Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Metode AHP dan TOPSIS digunakan untuk meningkatkan hasil rekomendasi calon penerima bantuan beasiswa. Hasil klasifikasi kemudian dievaluasi menggunakan Black Box Testing untuk mengetahui apakah fungsi, masukan dan keluaran dari perangkat lunak sesuai dengan spesifikasi yang dibutuhkan. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa sistem aplikasi telah berjalan sesuai dengan tujuan yang diharapkan, karena tidak ditemukan adanya kesalahan pada interface serta sistem yang dirancang dan dibangun mampu mengatasi kelemahan-kelemahan yang terdapat pada sistem yang lama dan memberikan hasil rekomendasi calon penerima bantuan beasiswa.Kata-kata Kunci: sistem pendukung keputusan, penerima beasiswa, AHP, TOPSIS, black box testing

scholarly journals Purwarupa Sistem Pakar Dengan Metode Forward Chaining Dan Certainty Factor Untuk Mendeteksi Penyakit Kanker Payudara

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 247-259
Author(s):  
Eka Widyawati ◽  
Ari Fadli ◽  
Muhammad Syaiful Aliim
Keyword(s):  
Software Design ◽  
Usability Testing ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Requirement Analysis ◽  
Unit Testing ◽  
Certainty Factor ◽  
System Testing ◽  
Forward Chaining ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
Black Box Testing

Sistem pakar adalah sebuah sistem yang berusaha mengadopsi pengetahuan manusia ke komputer, agar komputer dapat menyelesaikan suatu permasalahan seperti yang biasanya dilakukan oleh para ahli. Kanker merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh pertumbuhan sel yang tidak normal dan tidak terkendali serta menekan sel-sel yang normal. Sejumlah sel dalam payudara tumbuh dan berkembang dengan tidak terkendali inilah yang disebut dengan kanker payudara. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mencoba untuk membangun sebuah aplikasi agar dapat mengetahui gejala awal dari penyakit kanker payudara. Aplikasi ini berbasis website dengan menggunakan metode waterfall yang merupakan suatu metode dalam pengembangan perangkat lunak dengan melalui 5 tahapan yaitu, requirement analysis and definition, system and software design, implementation and unit testing, integration and system testing, dan operation and maintenance. Website ini diimplementasikan dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dan basis data MySQL. Pengambilan hasil kesimpulan untuk hasil diagnosa didasarkan pada hasil penelusuran secara forward chaining dan perhitungan secara certainty factor. Pengujian sistem pakar dilakukan dengan menggunakan black-box testing dan usability testing. Pengujian dengan metode black-box terhadap fungsionalitas dari setiap bagian aplikasi sistem pakar, didapatkan hasil yang sudah sesuai dengan tujuan yang diharapkan. Sedangkan pengujian dengan metode usability testing terhadap 50 responden yang menggunakan aplikasi sistem pakar, didapatkan hasil penerimaan yang baik memenuhi kelima aspek usability testing yaitu learnability, efficiency, memorability, errors, dan satisfaction dengan nilai persentase sebesar 85%.

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