scholarly journals Pressure Sensors Positioning for Leakages Detection under Uncertain Demands

10.29007/4cg3 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Puleo ◽  
Gabriele Freni ◽  
Goffredo La Loggia
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Uncertainty ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Sampling Design ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Redundant Information ◽  
Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Identifiability Analysis ◽  
Hydraulic Simulation ◽  
Crucial Step

The pressure sensors positioning is a crucial step for leakages detection. The optimal positioning of monitoring sensors, or simply sampling design, has been previously addressed with respect to several purposes. The proposed methodology aims to select the pressure monitoring nodes for leakages detection by coupling the water distribution network hydraulic simulation model with the identifiability analysis. The nodes selection is done among those which are more sensitive with respect to different leakages positions and uncorrelated from each other to avoid redundant information. The parameter uncertainty effect on the results is also investigated. The method is applied to the benchmark network Apulian.

scholarly journals Improved Hydraulic Simulation of Valve Layout Effects on Post-Earthquake Restoration of a Water Distribution Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3492
Author(s):  
Jeongwook Choi ◽  
Doosun Kang
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Hydraulic Analysis ◽  
Hydraulic Simulation ◽  
Restoration Process ◽  
Restoration Strategies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pressure Driven Analysis

To restore water pipes damaged by earthquakes, it is common to block the water flow by closing the associated shut-off valves. In this process, water supply suspension in the area connected to the isolated pipes is inevitable, which decreases the serviceability of the water distribution network (WDN). In this study, we identified the impact of valve layout (i.e., number and location) on system serviceability during a seismic damage restoration process. By conducting a pressure-driven-analysis (PDA) using EPANET 3.0, a more realistic hydraulic analysis could be carried out under the seismically damaged condition. Furthermore, by considering the valve-controlled segment in the hydraulic simulation, a more realistic water suspension area was determined, and efficient seismic damage restoration strategies were identified. The developed model was implemented on a WDN to demonstrate the effect of valve layout on the post-earthquake restoration process. Finally, effective restoration strategies were suggested for the application network.

scholarly journals Sensor placement for leak detection and location in water distribution networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 795-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sarrate ◽  
J. Blesa ◽  
F. Nejjari ◽  
J. Quevedo
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Leak Detection ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Sensor Configuration ◽  
Leak Detection And Location

The performance of a leak detection and location algorithm depends on the set of measurements that are available in the network. This work presents an optimization strategy that maximizes the leak diagnosability performance of the network. The goal is to characterize and determine a sensor configuration that guarantees a maximum degree of diagnosability while the sensor configuration cost satisfies a budgetary constraint. To efficiently handle the complexity of the distribution network an efficient branch and bound search strategy based on a structural model is used. However, in order to reduce even more the size and the complexity of the problem the present work proposes to combine this methodology with clustering techniques. The strategy developed in this work is successfully applied to determine the optimal set of pressure sensors that should be installed in a District Metered Area in the Barcelona water distribution network.

scholarly journals Generating Scenarios of Cross-Correlated Demands for Modelling Water Distribution Networks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Magini ◽  
Maria Antonietta Boniforti ◽  
Roberto Guercio
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Latin Hypercube Sampling ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Hydraulic Simulation ◽  
Whole Number ◽  
Entire Network

A numerical approach for generating a limited number of water demand scenarios and estimating their occurrence probabilities in a Water Distribution Network (WDN) is proposed. This approach makes use of the demand scaling laws in order to consider the natural variability and spatial correlation of nodal consumptions. The scaling laws are employed to determine the statistics of nodal consumption as a function of the number of users and the main statistical features of the unitary user's demand. Besides, consumption at each node is considered to follow a Gamma probability distribution. A high number of groups of cross-correlated demands, i.e., scenarios, for the entire network were generated using Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) and the numerical procedure proposed by Iman and Conover. The Kantorovich distance is used to reduce the number of scenarios and estimate their corresponding probabilities, while keeping the statistical information on nodal consumptions. By hydraulic simulation, the whole number of generated demand scenarios was used to obtain a corresponding number of pressure scenarios on which the same reduction procedure was applied. The probabilities of the reduced scenarios of pressure were compared with the corresponding probabilities of demand.

scholarly journals Pressure Regulation vs. Water Aging in Water Distribution Networks

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menelaos Patelis ◽  
Vasilis Kanakoudis ◽  
Anastasia Kravvari
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
High Water ◽  
Pressure Regulation ◽  
Water Age ◽  
Hydraulic Simulation ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Winter Time ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, the effects of pressure regulation in a water distribution network (WDN) are being examined. Quality is hammered the most when pressure is reduced in a WDN and this occurs due to the increase in the age of water flowing inside the network pipes (water age is actually the total time the water remains inside the pipes before reaching the customer’s tap). Kos town WDN is used as the case study network. Kos town is the capital of the homonymous Greek island, among the most famous and popular of the Greek islands. The specific WDN is quite typical but very interesting, as it is extended along the seafront. The network’s hydraulic simulation model was developed through the WaterCad V8i software. As Kos experiences too high-water demand peaks and lows during summer and winter time, respectively, its WDN has already been thoroughly studied, in order to regulate the pressure and reduce its annual water loss rates. Nevertheless, these scenarios have never been examined regarding the impact on water quality. In the current study, the division of the WDN in District Metered Areas (DMAs) and the use of a Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV) in the entering node of each DMA are being evaluated in terms of water age. Additionally, a swift optimization process takes place to produce different DMAs’ borders, based on the criteria of minimum nodal water age, instead of optimal pressure. Different scenarios were tested on the calibrated and validated hydraulic model of Kos town WDN.

scholarly journals Experimental and numerical effects of flow hydraulics and pipe geometry on leakage behavior of laboratory water network distribution systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamer Nabil ◽  
Fahad Alhaddad ◽  
Mohamed Dawood ◽  
Osama Sharaf
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Leakage Flow ◽  
Network System ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Laboratory Water

Abstract. As the leakage behavior of water distribution network is considered life-threatening and critical issue, so the behavior of water distribution network system is investigated experimentally and numerically under the effect of different positions and flow rates of leakage outlets taking into consideretion the flowhydraulics and pipe geametry. A laboratory model of the real studied water distribution network is constructed. The laboratory water distribution network is horizontal and has 16 loops with total length 30 m and different diameters. The leakage position in the laboratory water distribution network is altered between main, sub-main and branch pipelines with different flow rates. The characteristics of the ideal laboratory water distribution network with no-leakage are studied first. The studied laboratory water distribution network system parameters are solved theoretically using Hardy-Cross method with seven iterations. The studied water distribution network system was simulated using computational fluid dynamics technique Ansys Fluent 18.2. The aim is to modify the ancient water distribution network by sensing the pressure values using dispersed pressure sensors. Also, from the pressure map of the laboratory water distribution network, the leakage position if exist can be localized. Depending on the sensed pressure, the control circuit programmed to close the corresponding solenoid valves. The leakage flow rates are 0.1, 0.25 and 0.4 L/s and changed between the main and sub-main pipes. The maximum pressure drop around 500 pa at the node directly preceding the leakage point at leakage flow rate 0.4 L/s. The performance of the used solenoid valve is simulated using Matlab-Simulink technique. The simulation results show the response to step down control signal is over damped with steady state error 2 % and settling time 0.6 s.

scholarly journals Study of Physical Water Loss in Water Distribution Network using Step Test Method and Pressure Calibration

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-103
Author(s):  
Erizaldy Azwar ◽  
Diki Surya Irawan ◽  
Muhammad Naufal
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Monitoring Point ◽  
Pressure Calibration

Water distribution networks that are unoptimally operated can cause various problems so that water flows are not evenly distributed to consumers. One of the causes is the high water loss level due to leaks in the distribution pipeline system, as one of the water operators in Jakarta, Indonesia, PT. XYZ has tremendous efforts to improve the water supply system. One of them is to reduce physical water losses. The estimated percentage of physical water losses of water distribution networks in Green Garden District, West Jakarta, in April 2018 has amounted to 30%. It is still above the tolerance standard for the national water loss rate in Indonesia's Water Utilities, around 20%. It is necessary to reduce water loss to overcome this problem. After performing a step test program in the Green Garden District, it was found that there was a water loss of 84 lps in July 2018, which increased to 103.16 l/sin in May 2019 or showed an increase of 23%. Then, a pressure calibration was undertaken by placing six pressure monitoring points on the district in May 2019 using hydraulic simulation from WaterGEMS V.10. This calibration obtained the highest pressure Gap at pressure monitoring point #5 of 2.5 mH2O and the lowest pressure monitoring point #1 of 1.03 mH2O. Subsequently, leak detection measures were conducted to reduce physical water loss from January to May 2019,  PT. XYZ water distribution network uses two leak detection methods, visible and invisible leak detections, which had successfully reduced its net night flows (NNFs). The leak repairs obtained 77 leak points, which consisted of 32 visible leaks and 45 invisible leaks. Total estimated leakage flows of 5.33 lps were obtained from the decrease in the net night flow, which indicates a decrease in physical water loss by 16% from January to March 2019.

scholarly journals Optimizing the operation of the Haifa-A water-distribution network

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elad Salomons ◽  
Alexander Goryashko ◽  
Uri Shamir ◽  
Zhengfu Rao ◽  
Stefano Alvisi
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Demand Forecasting ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Optimal Control Strategy ◽  
Hydraulic Simulation ◽  
Demand Forecasting Model ◽  
Tariff Structure

Haifa-A is the first of two case studies relating to the POWADIMA research project. It comprises about 20% of the city's water-distribution network and serves a population of some 60,000 from two sources. The hydraulic simulation model of the network has 126 pipes, 112 nodes, 9 storage tanks, 1 operating valve and 17 pumps in 5 discrete pumping stations. The complex energy tariff structure changes with hours of the day and days of the year. For a dynamically rolling operational horizon of 24 h ahead, the real-time, near-optimal control strategy is calculated by a software package that combines a genetic algorithm (GA) optimizer with an artificial neural network (ANN) predictor, the latter having replaced a conventional hydraulic simulation model to achieve the computational efficiency required for real-time use. This paper describes the Haifa-A hydraulic network, the ANN predictor, the GA optimizer and the demand- forecasting model that were used. Thereafter, it presents and analyses the results obtained for a full (simulated) year of operation in which an energy cost saving of some 25% was achieved in comparison to the corresponding cost of current practice. Conclusions are drawn regarding the achievement of aims and future prospects.

scholarly journals Use of an artificial neural network to capture the domain knowledge of a conventional hydraulic simulation model

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengfu Rao ◽  
Fernando Alvarruiz
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Hydraulic Simulation ◽  
Tank Storage

As part of the POWADIMA research project, this paper describes the technique used to predict the consequences of different control settings on the performance of the water-distribution network, in the context of real-time, near-optimal control. Since the use of a complex hydraulic simulation model is somewhat impractical for real-time operations as a result of the computational burden it imposes, the approach adopted has been to capture its domain knowledge in a far more efficient form by means of an artificial neural network (ANN). The way this is achieved is to run the hydraulic simulation model off-line, with a large number of different combinations of initial tank-storage levels, demands, pump and valve settings, to predict future tank-storage water levels, hydrostatic pressures and flow rates at critical points throughout the network. These input/output data sets are used to train an ANN, which is then verified using testing sets. Thereafter, the ANN is employed in preference to the hydraulic simulation model within the optimization process. For experimental purposes, this technique was initially applied to a small, hypothetical water-distribution network, using EPANET as the hydraulic simulation package. The application to two real networks is described in subsequent papers of this series.

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