scholarly journals Application of Hydroinformatic Tools for Reservoirs Discharges Rules Assessment During a Flood Event

10.29007/2r8m ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Pinho ◽  
Luís Vieira ◽  
Jose Vieira ◽  
Stênio Venâncio ◽  
Nuno Simões ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Flood Event ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Hydrodynamic Models ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Flooded Areas

Hydrological and hydrodynamic models are valuable tools for understanding complex river hydrodynamics behavior during flood events. These tools have been applied to develop a detailed study of the flood event occurred between 9 and 11 January 2016 in the river Mondego basin, causing severe floods at Coimbra city (Portugal). The study included the characterization of the operational discharge schemes of three upstream dams with direct influence on flow rates in the river basin, and the runoff flows from contributing catchments. A detailed analysis on hydrodynamic water levels at the flooded areas influenced by the operation of a downstream dam and the local river morphodynamics was performed. Hydroinformatic tools were applied in different scenarios allowing the characterization and identification of the key factors responsible for the flood event and contributing to emphasize the need to comply with the established rules for the discharges at the upstream dams during flood events.

scholarly journals Assessing causes and associated water levels for an urban flood using hydroinformatic tools

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. S. Pinho ◽  
L. Vieira ◽  
J. M. P. Vieira ◽  
S. Venâncio ◽  
N. E. Simões ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Flow ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Flood Event ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Hydrodynamic Models ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
River Stretch ◽  
Two Factors

Abstract Flood events are dependent on meteorological conditions but also depend on several other factors that are case specific, with relevance for reservoir operation. Hydrological and hydrodynamic models are valuable tools for understanding complex river hydrodynamics during flood events. These tools have been applied to improve understanding of the causes for an urban flood event that occurred between 9 and 11 January 2016 in the Mondego river basin, at Coimbra city (Portugal). Seven different factors that can, independently, influence the river flow at the study site were identified: three of them can be associated with the operational discharge schemes of the three upstream dams; two factors with the runoff flows from uncontrolled contributing sub-basins; another one related to discharge measurement uncertainty at a downstream dam; and finally, the seventh studied factor was sedimentation occurring in the main channel of the flooded river stretch. Hydroinformatic tools were applied in different scenarios allowing the characterization and identification of each one of the identified key factors responsible for the flood event. A proposal for a flood early warning system is presented based on the knowledge resulting from the studied flood event.

Considerations on the influence of extreme events on the phosphorus transport from river catchments to the sea

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 193-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zessner ◽  
C. Postolache ◽  
A. Clement ◽  
A. Kovacs ◽  
P. Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Events ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Flood Event ◽  
Phosphorus Transport ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Extreme Flood ◽  
Flooded Areas ◽  
Total P

In this paper, results from rivers of different sizes in Romania, Hungary and Austria are presented. The paper shows the dynamics of extreme events and their contribution to the total P and suspended solids transported in these rivers. Special attention is paid to the influence of the size of the catchment and the event probability on the relative contribution of a single event to the total loads transported in the river. Further, the development of phosphorus loads along the Danube River at a flood event is shown. From the results it can be concluded that there is no immediate influence of high flow and flood events in upstream parts of the Basin on the transport of phosphorus from the catchment to the receiving Sea. Particle-bound phosphorus is mobilised from the catchment (through erosion) and the river bottom to a high extent at high flow events and transported at peak discharges to downstream, where retention by sedimentation of particles takes place. On the one hand this retention is a transport to flooded areas. In this case it can be considered as more or less long term retention. On the other hand sedimentation takes place in the riverbed, in case the tractive effort of the river is reduced. In this second case the P-pool in the sediments of the sedimentation area will be increased. If anaerobic conditions in the sediment appear, part of the phosphorus will be transformed to soluble ortho-phosphate and will continuously contribute to the phosphorus transport to the receiving sea. Part of the P-retained in the river sediment will be mobilised by resuspension at the next biggest high flow event. Altogether, these alternating processes of suspension, transport, export to flooded areas or sedimentation in the river bed with partly solution and partly resuspension at the next event decrease the share of the phosphorus transport during high flow events on the total loads transported in the more downstream parts of a catchments as compared to the more upstream parts. In the year of occurrence of an extreme flood event the P-transport of this year is dominated by the flood event. As an average over many years the contribution of high flow events to the total P-transport still may be between 7 and 20% in smaller catchments (around 1,000 km2). In a big catchment (e.g. river Danube) much smaller contributions of flood events on the total P-transport can be expected as an average over many years.

Flash-flood hazard hydro-geomorphic characterization and mapping: analysis of the 2019 and 1994 Francolí river flood effects.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Llanos Valera-Prieto ◽  
Sergi Cortés ◽  
Glòria Furdada ◽  
Marta González ◽  
Jordi Pinyol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Flood Event ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Active Band ◽  
Flooded Areas

<p>On October 22, 2019, intense rains took place in Catalonia (292,6 mm in 24 hours at Prades), associated with a meteorological isolated depression at high atmospheric level (DANA in Spanish language). These rains caused a sudden discharge increase and a major flash-flood in the Francolí river (Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain). As a result, the river swept along a large quantity of vegetation, crops and infrastructures, such as bridges, roads, and houses. Unfortunately, the flood caused a considerable economic damage (exceeding 100 million euros), and a loss of six human lives. This area was also affected by the 1994 flood, which produced 10 fatalities and losses worth 17,000 million euros.</p><p>The Francolí river watershed has an area of 853 km<sup>2</sup> and a length of 59 km. The study area stretches for ~20 km along the upper basin, without regulatory infrastructures. It covers the localities of Vimbodí, L´Espluga de Francolí, Montblanc and Vilaverd, with a population of 12,463 people. Downstream Vilaverd, the river crosses the strait of La Riba at the west of the Prades mountains. The Francolí River has low water levels much of the year and a strong seasonal regime. It presents high sediment mobility and large transportation capacity.</p><p>Orthophotographs, LiDAR and field work data, including GNSS-RTK data of river sections, are fundamental for this hydro-geomorphic analysis. It is performed mostly through classical and stereo-anaglyph photo-interpretation and comparison of the 2019 (post-flood event), 2016 (pre-flood event), 1995 (after the 1994 flood) and 1945-56 orthophotographs (provided by the Geological and Cartographic Institute of Catalonia). The main effects considered are: a) channel migration, cuts or changes in the sinuosity of meanders; b) significant bank erosion; c) pull up and dragging of vegetation; d) channel widening and braiding; e) development of secondary active channels during the flood; f) significant erosive and sedimentary morphologies; g) extension of the flooded areas through ephemeral evidence. From the geomorphological effects of the 2019 and 1994 floods, the Active Band is determined and mapped. This characterization highlights that the Francolí river is, geomorphologically, very active. In consequence, when defining flood hazard zones, hydraulic modelling would not be able to capture the complexity of this system and would produce biased results.</p><p>Once the Active Band is determined and with the estimation of peak flows in crucial localities, the Preferential Flow Zone (PFZ) can be defined. PFZ is the envelope of the areas where the flow concentrates during major floods or, also, the most frequently flooded areas in minor floods. This zoning allows us to discriminate areas with high and low flow energies, and to identify the margins most prone to erosion. Accordingly, varying levels of flood hazard can be mapped, and flood areas classified.</p><p>This combined analysis of indicators allows us to characterize the flood hazard more precisely in the studied stretch. The method can serve to better understand and predict the flash-floods associated hydro-geomorphic hazards in these kind of geomorphologically active rivers.</p><p>The authors thank the financial support from PROMONTEC project (CGL2017-84720-R AEI/FEDER, UE), Spanish MINEICO.</p>

scholarly journals Flood Impact Assessment on Road Network and Healthcare Access at the example of Jakarta, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Isabell G. Klipper ◽  
Alexander Zipf ◽  
Sven Lautenbach
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Flood Event ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
The Road ◽  
The City ◽  
Flooded Areas

Abstract. Climate change leads to an increasing number of flood events that poses threats to a large share of the global population. In addition to direct effects, flooding leads to indirect effect due to damages of the road infrastructure that might limit accessibility of health sites. For disaster preparedness it is important to know how flood events impact accessibility in that respect. We analyzed this at the example of the capital of Indonesia, Jakarta based on the flood event of 2013. The analysis was based on information about the road network and health sites from OpenStreetMap. We assessed impacts of the flood event by comparing centrality indicators of the road network as well as by an accessibility analysis of health sites before and during the event. The flooded areas were home to 2.75 million inhabitants and hosted 79 clinics and hospitals. The flood split the road network into several subgraphs. The city center maintained its importance for time-efficient routing as well as for easily accessible healthcare but might be prone to traffic congestion after such an event. Indirect effects via interrupted road traffic through flooded areas affected around 1.5 million inhabitants and led to an increase of travel time to the nearest hospital by five minutes based on normal traffic conditions.

MALAT1 as a Versatile Regulator of Cancer: Overview of the updates from Predatory role as Competitive Endogenous RNA to Mechanistic In-sights

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammad Ahmad Farooqi ◽  
Evangelia Legaki ◽  
Maria Gazouli ◽  
Silvia Rinaldi ◽  
Rossana Berardi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Individualized Medicine ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Oncogenic Signaling ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Oncogenic Signaling Pathways ◽  
Competitive Endogenous Rna

: Central dogma of molecular biology has remained cornerstone of classical molecular biology but serendipitous discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in nematodes paradigmatically shifted our current understanding of the intricate mech-anisms which occur during transitions from transcription to translation. Discovery of miRNA captured tremendous attention and appreciation and we had witnessed an explosion in the field of non-coding RNAs. Ground-breaking discoveries in the field of non-coding RNAs have helped in better characterization of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs). There is an ever-increasing list of miRNA targets which are regulated by MALAT1 to stimulate or repress expression of tar-get genes. However, in this review our main focus is to summarize mechanistic insights related to MALAT1-mediated regu-lation of oncogenic signaling pathways. We have discussed how MALAT1 modulated TGF/SMAD and Hippo pathways in various cancers. We have also comprehensively summarized how JAK/STAT and Wnt/β-catenin pathways stimulated MALAT1 expression and consequentially how MALAT1 potentiated these signaling cascades to promote cancer. MALAT1 research has undergone substantial broadening however, there is still a need to identify additional mechanisms. MALAT1 is involved in multi-layered regulation of multiple transduction cascades and detailed analysis of different pathways will be helpful in getting a step closer to individualized medicine.

scholarly journals Development of Fragility Curves for Piping and Slope Stability of River Levees

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 738
Author(s):  
Nicola Rossi ◽  
Mario Bačić ◽  
Meho Saša Kovačević ◽  
Lovorka Librić
Keyword(s):  
Slope Stability ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Flood Event ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Design Code ◽  
A Site ◽  
Insight Into

The design code Eurocode 7 relies on semi-probabilistic calculation procedures, through utilization of the soil parameters obtained by in situ and laboratory tests, or by the means of transformation models. To reach a prescribed safety margin, the inherent soil parameter variability is accounted for through the application of partial factors to either soil parameters directly or to the resistance. However, considering several sources of geotechnical uncertainty, including the inherent soil variability, measurement error and transformation uncertainty, full probabilistic analyses should be implemented to directly consider the site-specific variability. This paper presents the procedure of developing fragility curves for levee slope stability and piping as failure mechanisms that lead to larger breaches, where a direct influence of the flood event intensity on the probability of failure is calculated. A range of fragility curve sets is presented, considering the variability of levee material properties and varying durations of the flood event, thus providing crucial insight into the vulnerability of the levee exposed to rising water levels. The procedure is applied to the River Drava levee, a site which has shown a continuous trend of increased water levels in recent years.

scholarly journals Biofilm Formation in Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni: Structure and Development

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 546
Author(s):  
Pilar Sabuquillo ◽  
Jaime Cubero
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

Xanthomonasarboricola pv. pruni (Xap) causes bacterial spot of stone fruit and almond, an important plant disease with a high economic impact. Biofilm formation is one of the mechanisms that microbial communities use to adapt to environmental changes and to survive and colonize plants. Herein, biofilm formation by Xap was analyzed on abiotic and biotic surfaces using different microscopy techniques which allowed characterization of the different biofilm stages compared to the planktonic condition. All Xap strains assayed were able to form real biofilms creating organized structures comprised by viable cells. Xap in biofilms differentiated from free-living bacteria forming complex matrix-encased multicellular structures which become surrounded by a network of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Moreover, nutrient content of the environment and bacterial growth have been shown as key factors for biofilm formation and its development. Besides, this is the first work where different cell structures involved in bacterial attachment and aggregation have been identified during Xap biofilm progression. Our findings provide insights regarding different aspects of the biofilm formation of Xap which improve our understanding of the bacterial infection process occurred in Prunus spp and that may help in future disease control approaches.

scholarly journals Analysis of Antioxidant and Antiallergic Active Components Extracted From the Edible Insect Oxya yezoensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2110233
Author(s):  
Masahiro Saiki ◽  
Naomichi Takemoto ◽  
Maki Nagata ◽  
Masako Matsumoto ◽  
Yhiya Amen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization

In recent years, entomophagy has attracted increased attention, as it was recommended as a potential source of food by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. In Japan, Oxya yezoensisis one of the most widely eaten insect species, but studies of its functionality as a food are limited. In this study, we reported the optimal characterization of the total phenolic compounds in methanolic extract (OME) and different fractions of OME. Additionally, the antioxidant and antiallergic activities of the OME fractions were evaluated. The results showed that the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of OME has potential antioxidant activity, whereas the n-hexane-soluble fraction showed the strongest inhibition of β-hexosaminidase, which is one of the key factors in allergic reactions. It was concluded that phenolic compounds might contribute to the antioxidant activity while unsaturated fatty acids contribute to the antiallergy activity.

scholarly journals Using a Novel Grey DANP Model to Identify Interactions between Manufacturing and Logistics Industries in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Jiang ◽  
Yi-Chung Hu ◽  
Ghi-Feng Yen ◽  
Hang Jiang ◽  
Yu-Jing Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Multiple Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Logistics Industry ◽  
Influence Matrix ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Two Factors

As a crucial part of producer services, the logistics industry is highly dependent on the manufacturing industry. In general, the interactive development of the logistics and manufacturing industries is essential. Due to the existence of a certain degree of interdependence between any two factors, interaction between the two industries has produced a basis for measurement; identifying the key factors affecting the interaction between the manufacturing and logistics industries is a kind of decision problem in the field of multiple criteria decision making (MCDM). A hybrid MCDM method, DEMATEL-based ANP (DANP) is appropriate to solve this problem. However, DANP uses a direct influence matrix, which involves pairwise comparisons that may be more or less influenced by the respondents. Therefore, we propose a decision model, Grey DANP, which can automatically generate the direct influence matrix. Statistical data for the logistics and manufacturing industries in the China Statistical Yearbook (2006–2015) were used to identify the key factors for interaction between these two industries. The results showed that the key logistics criteria for interaction development are the total number of employees in the transport business, the volume of goods, and the total length of routes. The key manufacturing criteria for interaction development are the gross domestic product and the value added. Therefore, stakeholders should increase the number of employees in the transport industry and freight volumes. Also, the investment in infrastructure should be increased.

Characterization of an Air-PCM Energy Storage Design for Air Handling Unit Applications

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Wert ◽  
Cynthia A. Cruickshank ◽  
Dominic Groulx
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Testing Temperature ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Melting Temperatures ◽  
Air Handling Unit ◽  
Vertically Aligned

This paper will discuss the characterization of an air-PCM storage design for commercial air handling unit (AHU) applications during winter. The air-PCM storage design consists of two rows of 29 aluminum flat plate containers (0.45 m × 0.35 m × 0.01 m) filled with PCM, vertically aligned leaving an air channel between each plate of 0.011 m wide. The storage device was placed within a closed air loop which conditions the air to the desired testing temperature and velocity. The PCM selected for testing was RT44HC with a melting temperature of 44 °C. This PCM was chosen for its similar properties to other PCMs having lower melting temperatures (in the range of 5 to 18°C) that could be used in actual HVAC application implementation. The system was instrumented and calibrated with Type T thermocouples and a velocity sensor. The system was tested at various inlet temperatures (55°C to 63°C for charging and 12°C to 25°C for discharging) and flow rates. The instantaneous heat transfer rates and total energy storage were calculated for each test from the data collected. The results provide a baseline value for heat transfer rates in a simple air-PCM design, to be used for model validation.

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