scholarly journals Analysis of the expression of maize genes encoding chromatin-modifying proteins

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Volokhina ◽  
Yu. S. Gusev ◽  
Ye. M. Moiseeva ◽  
O. V. Gutorova ◽  
M. I. Chumakov
Keyword(s):  
Before And After ◽  
Genes Encoding

The expression of maize genes encoding chromatin-modifying proteins was studied in embryo sacs from maize parthenogenetic AT-3 line before and after pollination.

Low-Dose Treatment with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine Combinations Selects for Drug-Resistant Plasmodium falciparum Strains

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 2205-2208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen F. J. Kun ◽  
Leopold G. Lehman ◽  
Bertrand Lell ◽  
Ruprecht Schmidt-Ott ◽  
Peter G. Kremsner
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Dhfr Gene ◽  
Dihydropteroate Synthase ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Dhps Gene ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT A total of 252 children were enrolled in a drug trial to assess the effect of minimal doses of sulfadoxine (Sdx) and pyrimethamine (Pyr). Parasite samples isolated from these patients were analyzed before and after treatment to investigate the level of drug-resistant strains. The parasite genes encoding dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) were assayed for point mutations that are associated with resistance against drugs. Before treatment, Pyrr genotypes of the DHFR gene were found in 42% of all samples, 8% of the patients harbored a mixed parasite population and 50% had a sensitive DHFR genotype. In terms of the DHPS gene, we found mutations in 45% of the parasites. Twenty-four percent had a Ser436 mutation, and 26% had a Gly437mutation. Recrudescent parasites were highly enriched for both Pyrr and Sdxr strains after treatment (P < 0.001 and P = 0.029, respectively).

scholarly journals The Human Gut Microbiome as a Transporter of Antibiotic Resistance Genes between Continents

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 6551-6560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Bengtsson-Palme ◽  
Martin Angelin ◽  
Mikael Huss ◽  
Sanela Kjellqvist ◽  
Erik Kristiansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Exchange Programs ◽  
Indian Peninsula ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACTPrevious studies of antibiotic resistance dissemination by travel have, by targeting only a select number of cultivable bacterial species, omitted most of the human microbiome. Here, we used explorative shotgun metagenomic sequencing to address the abundance of >300 antibiotic resistance genes in fecal specimens from 35 Swedish students taken before and after exchange programs on the Indian peninsula or in Central Africa. All specimens were additionally cultured for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing enterobacteria, and the isolates obtained were genome sequenced. The overall taxonomic diversity and composition of the gut microbiome remained stable before and after travel, but there was an increasing abundance ofProteobacteriain 25/35 students. The relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes increased, most prominently for genes encoding resistance to sulfonamide (2.6-fold increase), trimethoprim (7.7-fold), and beta-lactams (2.6-fold). Importantly, the increase observed occurred without any antibiotic intake. Of 18 students visiting the Indian peninsula, 12 acquired ESBL-producingEscherichia coli, while none returning from Africa were positive. Despite deep sequencing efforts, the sensitivity of metagenomics was not sufficient to detect acquisition of the low-abundant genes responsible for the observed ESBL phenotype. In conclusion, metagenomic sequencing of the intestinal microbiome of Swedish students returning from exchange programs in Central Africa or the Indian peninsula showed increased abundance of genes encoding resistance to widely used antibiotics.

scholarly journals Positive Regulation of Macromolecule Metabolic Process Belongs to the Main Mechanisms Crucial for Porcine Oocytes Maturation

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiesława Kranc ◽  
Piotr Celichowski ◽  
Joanna Budna ◽  
Ronza Khozmi ◽  
Artur Bryja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Maturation ◽  
Metabolic Process ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Positive Regulation ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Compound Process ◽  
Maturational Stage

SummaryThe mammalian oocytes maturation is the compound process that involves morphological and molecular changes. These modifications include storage of macromolecules, which are crucial for proteins biosynthesis during periimplantation stages of embryo development. This study was aimed to investigate the genes expression profile encoding macromolecules important for regulation of proper porcine oocytes maturation.The porcine oocytes were collected from large ovarian follicles and analyzed both before and after in vitro maturation (IVM). Additionally, to check the developmental competence status, brilliant crezyl blue test (BCB) was performed. The obtained cDNA was used for biotin labeling and fragmentation by AffymetrixGeneChip® WT Terminal Labeling and Hybridization (Affymetrix). The preliminary analysis of the scanned chips was performed using AffymetrixGeneAtlasTM Operating Software. The created CEL files were imported into downstream data analysis software.In results, we found expression of 419 different genes, 379 genes were down-regulated and 40 genes were up-regulated in relation to the oocyte transcriptome before in vitro procedure. We observed up-regulation of all genes involved in “positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process” before IVM as compared to transcriptional profile analyzed after IVM.In conclusion, we suggested that genes encoding proteins involved in macromolecule metabolism are important for achieving of porcine oocytes maturational stage. Moreover, the “activity of macromolecules metabolism” is much more increased in immature oocytes.

scholarly journals Single and double hit events in genes encoding for immune targets before and after T cell engaging antibody therapy in MM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marietta Sabine Truger ◽  
Johannes Duell ◽  
Xiang Zhou ◽  
Larissa Heimeshoff ◽  
Anna Ruckdeschel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Antibody Therapy ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Antibody Drug Conjugate ◽  
Therapy Targets ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Homozygous Deletions

T-cell engaging immunotherapies exert unprecedented single-agent activity in Multiple Myeloma (MM), thereby putting a yet unexplored selective pressure on the clonal architecture. In this study, we report on homozygous BCMA (TNFRSF17) gene deletion after BCMA targeting T-cell redirecting bispecific antibody therapy in a heavily pretreated MM patient. Loss of BCMA protein expression persisted over subsequent relapses, with no response to anti-BCMA antibody drug conjugate (ADC) treatment. In light of the multiple alternative targets that currently emerge in addition to BCMA, we extended our analyses to delineate a more complete picture of genetic alterations that may impact immuno-therapy targets in MM. We performed WGS and RNAseq in 100 MM patients (50 NDMM and 50 RRMM) and identified a significant proportion of patients with aberrations in genes encoding for immunotherapy targets, and GPRC5D ranked first with 15% heterozygous deletions, followed by CD38 (10%), SDC1 (5%) and TNFRSF17 (4%). Notably, these heterozygous deletions did not lower the expression levels of respective genes, but may represent a 'first hit' that drives the acquisition of homozygous deletions and, subsequent antigen-loss relapse upon targeted immunotherapy. In summary, we show pre-existing vulnerability in genes encoding for immuno-targets prior to and homozygous deletions after T-cell engaging immunotherapy.

scholarly journals Gene expression profiles of Spo11−/− mouse testes with spermatocytes arrested in meiotic prophase I

Reproduction ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya A Smirnova ◽  
Peter J Romanienko ◽  
Pavel P Khil ◽  
R Daniel Camerini-Otero
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Protein Components

Spo11, a meiosis-specific protein, introduces double-strand breaks on chromosomal DNA and initiates meiotic recombination in a wide variety of organisms. Mouse null Spo11 spermatocytes fail to synapse chromosomes and progress beyond the zygotene stage of meiosis. We analyzed gene expression profiles in Spo11−/ −adult and juvenile wild-type testis to describe genes expressed before and after the meiotic arrest resulting from the knocking out of Spo11. These genes were characterized using the Gene Ontology data base. To focus on genes involved in meiosis, we performed comparative gene expression analysis of Spo11−/ −and wild-type testes from 15-day mice, when spermatocytes have just entered pachytene. We found that the knockout of Spo11 causes dramatic changes in the level of expression of genes that participate in meiotic recombination (Hop2, Brca2, Mnd1, FancG) and in the meiotic checkpoint (cyclin B2, Cks2), but does not affect genes encoding protein components of the synaptonemal complex. Finally, we discovered unknown genes that are affected by the disruption of the Spo11 gene and therefore may be specifically involved in meiosis and spermatogenesis.

Butyrate modulating effects on pro-inflammatory pathways in human intestinal epithelial cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 841-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Elce ◽  
F. Amato ◽  
F. Zarrilli ◽  
A. Calignano ◽  
R. Troncone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Histone Deacetylation ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Inflammatory Pathways ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Genes Encoding

Butyrate acts as energy source for intestinal epithelial cells and as key mediator of several immune processes, modulating gene expression mainly through histone deacetylation inhibition. Thanks to these effects, butyrate has been proposed for the treatment of many intestinal diseases. Aim of this study was to investigate the effect of butyrate on the expression of a large series of target genes encoding proteins involved in pro-inflammatory pathways. We performed quantitative real-time-PCR analysis of the expression of 86 genes encoding proteins bearing to pro-inflammatory pathways, before and after butyrate exposure, in primary epithelial cells derived from human small intestine and colon. Butyrate significantly down-regulated the expression of genes involved in inflammatory response, among which nuclear factor kappa beta, interferon-gamma, Toll like 2 receptor and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Further confirmations of these data, including studies at protein level, would support the use of butyrate as effective therapeutic strategy in intestinal inflammatory disorders.

Stress-related genomic responses during the course of heat acclimation and its association with ischemic-reperfusion cross-tolerance

2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 1496-1507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Horowitz ◽  
Luba Eli-Berchoer ◽  
Ilan Wapinski ◽  
Nir Friedman ◽  
Einat Kodesh
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Gene Activation ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Heat Acclimation ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Cross Tolerance ◽  
Ischemic Reperfusion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
H 41

Acclimation to heat is a biphasic process involving a transient perturbed phase followed by a long lasting period during which acclimatory homeostasis is developed. In this investigation, we used cDNA stress microarray (Clontech Laboratory) to characterize the stress-related genomic response during the course of heat acclimation and to test the hypotheses that 1) heat acclimation influences the threshold of activation of protective molecular signaling, and 2) heat-acclimation-mediated ischemic-reperfusion (I/R) protection is coupled with reprogrammed gene expression leading to altered capacity or responsiveness of protective-signaling pathways shared by heat and I/R cytoprotective systems. Rats were acclimated at 34°C for 0, 2, and 30 days.32P-labeled RNA samples prepared from the left ventricles of rats before and after subjection to heat stress (HS; 2 h, 41°C) or after I/R insult (ischemia: 75%, 45 min; reperfusion: 30 min) were hybridized onto the array membranes. Confirmatory RT-PCR of selected genes conducted on samples taken at 0, 30, and 60 min after HS or total ischemia was used to assess the promptness of the transcriptional response. Cluster analysis of the expressed genes indicated that acclimation involves a “two-tier” defense strategy: an immediate transient response peaking at the initial acclimating phase to maintain DNA and cellular integrity, and a sustained response, correlated with slowly developed adaptive, long-lasting cytoprotective signaling networks involving genes encoding proteins that are essential for the heat-shock response, antiapoptosis, and antioxidation. Gene activation was stress specific. Faster activation and suppression of signaling pathways shared by HS and I/R stressors probably contribute to heat-acclimation I/R cross-tolerance.

scholarly journals Protein acetylation regulates xylose metabolism during adaptation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Shui Tan ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Ying-Ying Wang ◽  
Qi-En He ◽  
Zhi-Hua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Xylose Reductase ◽  
Xylose Isomerase ◽  
Xylose Utilization ◽  
Xylose Metabolism ◽  
Xylose Consumption ◽  
Synthetic Complete ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Fuels And Chemicals

Abstract Background As the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature, hemicellulose can be degraded to xylose as the feedstock for bioconversion to fuels and chemicals. To enhance xylose conversion, the engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae with xylose metabolic pathway is usually adapted with xylose as the carbon source in the laboratory. However, the mechanism under the adaptation phenomena of the engineered strain is still unclear. Results In this study, xylose-utilizing S. cerevisiae was constructed and used for the adaptation study. It was found that xylose consumption rate increased 1.24-fold in the second incubation of the yYST12 strain in synthetic complete-xylose medium compared with the first incubation. The study figured out that it was observed at the single-cell level that the stagnation time for xylose utilization was reduced after adaptation with xylose medium in the microfluidic device. Such transient memory of xylose metabolism after adaptation with xylose medium, named “xylose consumption memory”, was observed in the strains with both xylose isomerase pathway and xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase pathways. In further, the proteomic acetylation of the strains before and after adaptation was investigated, and it was revealed that H4K5 was one of the most differential acetylation sites related to xylose consumption memory of engineered S. cerevisiae. We tested 8 genes encoding acetylase or deacetylase, and it was found that the knockout of the GCN5 and HPA2 encoding acetylases enhanced the xylose consumption memory. Conclusions The behavior of xylose consumption memory in engineered S. cerevisiae can be successfully induced with xylose in the adaptation. H4K5Ac and two genes of GCN5 and HPA2 are related to xylose consumption memory of engineered S. cerevisiae during adaptation. This study provides valuable insights into the xylose adaptation of engineered S. cerevisiae.

Deformation Replication

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 280-281
Author(s):  
J. Temple Black
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Rake Face ◽  
Orthogonal Machining ◽  
Aluminum Chips ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Glass Knife ◽  
Very High

Tool materials used in ultramicrotomy are glass, developed by Latta and Hartmann (1) and diamond, introduced by Fernandez-Moran (2). While diamonds produce more good sections per knife edge than glass, they are expensive; require careful mounting and handling; and are time consuming to clean before and after usage, purchase from vendors (3-6 months waiting time), and regrind. Glass offers an easily accessible, inexpensive material ($0.04 per knife) with very high compressive strength (3) that can be employed in microtomy of metals (4) as well as biological materials. When the orthogonal machining process is being studied, glass offers additional advantages. Sections of metal or plastic can be dried down on the rake face, coated with Au-Pd, and examined directly in the SEM with no additional handling (5). Figure 1 shows aluminum chips microtomed with a 75° glass knife at a cutting speed of 1 mm/sec with a depth of cut of 1000 Å lying on the rake face of the knife.

The Clinical, Roentgenological and Morphological Effects of an Acute Exposure of Phosgene on the Lungs of Dogs

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
R. F. Bils ◽  
W. F. Diller ◽  
F. Huth
Keyword(s):  
Latent Period ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Lung Edema ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electron Microscopes

Phosgene still plays an important role as a toxic substance in the chemical industry. Thiess (1968) recently reported observations on numerous cases of phosgene poisoning. A serious difficulty in the clinical handling of phosgene poisoning cases is a relatively long latent period, up to 12 hours, with no obvious signs of severity. At about 12 hours heavy lung edema appears suddenly, however changes can be seen in routine X-rays taken after only a few hours' exposure (Diller et al., 1969). This study was undertaken to correlate these early changes seen by the roengenologist with morphological alterations in the lungs seen in the'light and electron microscopes.Forty-two adult male and female Beagle dogs were selected for these exposure experiments. Treated animals were exposed to 94.5-107-5 ppm phosgene for 10 min. in a 15 m3 chamber. Roentgenograms were made of the thorax of each animal before and after exposure, up to 24 hrs.

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