scholarly journals Bireporter vector for analysis of cis-regulatory elements in plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Tyurin ◽  
K. V. Kabardaeva ◽  
A. V. Suhorukova ◽  
F. Kouchoro ◽  
V. A. Fridman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Elements

A bireporter vector for the study of translational cis-regulatory elements has been created and tested.

Hungarian small business tax and possibilities to minimize distortions from capital income taxation

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (s1) ◽  
pp. 87-105
Author(s):  
Benedek Nobilis ◽  
András Svraka
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Capital Income ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Elegant Method ◽  
Business Tax ◽  
Working Out

Governments throughout the EU and OECD countries rely on revenues raised on capital income. Albeit several arguments can be made for keeping these taxes, in their widespread form they hinder capital accumulation and significantly lower potential growth due to their savings and investment distorting nature. At the same time, the actual economic impact of tax types is largely influenced by their structure. An elegant method, which is also simple in its concept, for eliminating the economic distortions of profit taxes is cash-flow taxation which moves income taxes closer to the more growth-friendly value-added taxes. The small business tax, which was introduced in Hungary in 2013, was designed along these principles. In this paper we review the theoretical literature on cash-flow taxation and discuss the main regulatory elements of the small business tax, as well as the solutions elaborated for working out the challenges related to its implementation.

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