scholarly journals The influence of farming systems and microbial preparations on the structure of the microbocenosis of the rhizosphere of Triticum aestivum L.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Egovtseva ◽  
T. N. Melnichuk ◽  
S. F. Abdurashitov
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Traditional Farming ◽  
Wheat Rhizosphere ◽  
Rhizosphere Microbiome ◽  
No Till

The use of microbial preparations contributed to a change in the taxonomic structure of winter wheat rhizosphere microbiome was established. A more significant effect of microbial preparations was noted under no-till technology on the structure of the microbiome than with the traditional farming system.

scholarly journals The influence of microbial preparations and farming systems on the structure of the microbocenosis of the rhizosphere of Triticum aestivum L.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Egovtseva ◽  
◽  
T.N. Melnichuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
No Till ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
The Impact

Microorganisms are the most important bioindicators of the environment and ecological risk assessment. The impact of the no-till farming system in combination with microbial preparations needs to be studied and is an urgent task aimed at preserving fertility. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of pre-sowing inoculation with complex microbial preparations (CMP) and farming systems (no-till and conventional farming system) on the microbocenosis of the rhizosphere of Triticum aestivum L. in the Crimean Steppe. Microbiological analysis of the rhizosphere showed a significant increase in the number of actinobacteria (twice). The number of micromycetes, among which there are many pathogens of various plant diseases, decreased under direct sowing by 23 % as a result of inoculation and amounted to 21.5 thousand CFU/g of soil. The number of cellulose-destroying microorganisms that form soil fertility increased under the influence of microbial preparations by 23 % under conventional farming system (10.0 thousand CFU/g of soil); by 20 % under no-till (15.4 thousand CFU/g of soil). Thus, it was found that the use of microbial preparations under both farming techniques contributed to an increase in the number of microorganisms of most ecological-trophic groups that participate in the transformation of nitrogen in the rhizosphere, enhanced enzymatic processes, reduced the development of pathogenic microbiota and, consequently, contributed to improving the state of soil biocenosis.

Orientation of microbiological processes in the Triticum aestivum L. rhizosphere under conditions of seed bacterization by a complex of microbial preparations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Egovtseva ◽  
◽  
T.N. Melnichuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Wheat Rhizosphere ◽  
Microbiological Processes ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Southern Chernozem

The aim of our research was to study the effect of presowing bacterization by a complex of microbial preparations (CMP) in various farming systems on the biological activity of the Triticum aestivum L. rhizosphere of southern Chernozem in the Crimean steppe. The three-year study proved the possibility of intensification and normalization of the microbiological status of the winter wheat rhizosphere using resource-saving technologies. The most pronounced effect of the complex of microbial preparations on the microbiological processes of the winter wheat rhizosphere was revealed in adverse weather conditions.

scholarly journals Taxonomic structure of the southern chernozem under application of biological preparations and different farming systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (3) ◽  
pp. 032011
Author(s):  
T N Melnichuk ◽  
S F Abdurashytov ◽  
A Yu Egovtseva ◽  
E R Abdurashytova ◽  
E N Turin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Virgin Soil ◽  
No Till ◽  
Southern Chernozem

Abstract The study of the taxonomic structure of the southern chernozem under influence of microbial preparations and various farming systems in the conditions of the southern steppe zone has been carried out. Metagenomic analysis of the microbiome of southern chernozem showed the presence of 174 genera representatives of prokaryotes, among which 17 are dominant, representing more than 1%. Farming systems cause changes in the taxonomic structure of the microbiome in comparison with virgin soil in the steppe zone. The influence of microbial preparations of complex action on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiome of southern chernozem and increasing under no-till farming system has been established. The maximum content of water-soluble organic matter was found in virgin soil, which has higher amount of plant residues, up to 491 mg/kg of soil. Under the influence of farming systems its amount decreased in 4.2-8.5 times. The use of a complex of microbial preparations in the southern chernozem contributed to an increase in the amount of water-soluble fraction of humus depending on the farming system: 1.7 times with the conventional farming system and 3 times with no-till compared to the control without CMP.

Foliar disease development in no-till winter wheat: Influence of agronomic practices on powdery mildew development

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 965-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Tompkins ◽  
D. B. Fowler ◽  
A. T. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
No Till ◽  
N Fertility

Agronomic practices must be modified to maximize winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield in different environments. Changes in crop management may modify the microclimate within the crop canopy thereby influencing the development of foliar pathogens. This study was initiated to determine the effect of cultivar, nitrogen (N) fertility, seed rate (SR) and row spacing (RS) on the severity of powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC f.sp. tritici E. Marchal) on the upper leaves of no-till winter wheat grown in the Saskatchewan Parkland region. Average powdery mildew (PM) severity was greater on the upper leaves of the semi-dwarf cultivar Norwin than on the tall cultivar Norstar and increased under conditions of high N fertility. The use of 36 cm RS and 140 kg ha−1 SR compared to 9 cm RS and 35 kg ha−1 SR also resulted in increased PM severity. In general, wide RS enhanced spore dispersal and disease progress up the plant while high SR created a more favourable crop canopy microclimate for PM development once the pathogen was established on a leaf.Key words: Wheat (winter). Triticum aestivum L., no-till, powdery mildew, Erysiphe graminis, row spacing, seed rate, nitrogen fertilizer

In Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.), No-Till Improves Photosynthetic Nitrogen and Water-Use Efficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Hazzar Habbib ◽  
Bertrand Hirel ◽  
Fabien Spicher ◽  
Frédéric Dubois ◽  
Thierry Tétu
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
No Till ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Tolerance to Mulch

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2047
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Ryan ◽  
Sandra Wayman ◽  
Christopher J. Pelzer ◽  
Caitlin A. Peterson ◽  
Uriel D. Menalled ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
No Till

Mulch from cover crops can effectively suppress weeds in organic corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) as part of cover crop-based rotational no-till systems, but little is known about the feasibility of using mulch to suppress weeds in organic winter small grain crops. A field experiment was conducted in central NY, USA, to quantify winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedling emergence, weed and crop biomass production, and wheat grain yield across a gradient of mulch biomass. Winter wheat seedling density showed an asymptotic relationship with mulch biomass, with no effect at low rates and a gradual decrease from moderate to high rates of mulch. Selective suppression of weed biomass but not wheat biomass was observed, and wheat grain yield was not reduced at the highest level of mulch (9000 kg ha−1). Results indicate that organic winter wheat can be no-till planted in systems that use mulch for weed suppression. Future research should explore wheat tolerance to mulch under different conditions, and the potential of no-till planting wheat directly into rolled-crimped cover crops.

scholarly journals Weed management in no-till winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M.G. Calado ◽  
Gottlieb Basch ◽  
Mário de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
No Till

DIFFERENTIAL FERTILIZER N IMMOBILIZATION IN TWO TILLAGE SYSTEMS INFLUENCES GRAIN N CONCENTRATION

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. CAREFOOT ◽  
C. W. LINDWALL ◽  
M. NYBORG
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Immobilization ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
No Till ◽  
N Concentration

Differential N immobilization between conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) systems has been suggested as a possible mechanism for differences in crop response to N. To examine this effect, immobilization of N fertilizer was compared in NT and CT cereal production systems at two sites in southern Alberta (Lethbridge and Vauxhall) from 1983 to 1985. Fertilizer N, labelled with 15N, was applied at rates ranging from 25 to 50 kg N ha−1 to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'Norstar'), barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Galt'), or spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'Chester') in various rotations. Nitrogen immobilization was subsequently quantified by 15N analysis of crop tissues and soil N fractions. The amount of N immobilized was strongly influenced by climatic variables. In 1984, characterized by drought in the spring but significant precipitation during June, mean N immobilization losses for winter wheat and barley in the CT treatments averaged much less than those in NT treatments (20 vs. 34% of N applied). Conversely, in 1985, which was characterized by a wet spring and a very dry summer, N immobilization losses were comparable in the two barley tillage treatments (mean = 29% of N applied). Lack of precipitation early in the season appears to restrict immobilization less in CT than in NT treatments because of greater fertilizer-residue contact in the latter. Despite the trends in immobilized N, grain yields were often higher in the NT than in the CT treatments, indicating that yield differences were likely related to the availability of moisture rather than to N fertility. Restricted N availability resulting from immobilization losses, however, reduced grain N concentration in NT relative to CT treatments. Key words: No-till, conventional till, N immobilization, N response, residual N

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