scholarly journals An Empirical Evaluation of Visual Metaphors in the Animation of Roles of Variables

10.28945/489 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 087-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuija Stützle ◽  
Jorma Sajaniemi
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Visual Metaphors

scholarly journals An Empirical Evaluation of Visual Metaphors in the Animation of Roles of Variables

10.28945/2886 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuija Stutzle ◽  
Jorma Sajaniemi
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Introductory Programming ◽  
Visual Metaphors ◽  
Role Based ◽  
The Individual

Roles of variables, which describe stereotypic usages of variables, can be exploited to facilitate teaching introductory programming. This paper describes the evaluation of visual metaphors for roles used in a role-based program animator. The evaluation is based on several criteria: properties of the images, metaphor recognition and grading, and effects on learning. The study demonstrates that as a whole the role metaphors facilitate learning. The results also identify ideas for further elaboration of the individual metaphors. Furthermore, the study suggests that the evaluation of animated metaphors may require special measures.

Semi-empirical evaluation of Sr-Ar difference potentials

1986 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1149-1154
Author(s):  
Le Quang Rang ◽  
D. Voslamber
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Difference Potentials ◽  
Semi Empirical

Computationally Augmented Retrosynthesis: Total Synthesis of Paspaline A and Emindole PB

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Newhouse ◽  
Daria E. Kim ◽  
Joshua E. Zweig
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Total Synthesis ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Quantum Chemical ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Synthetic Strategy ◽  
Catalyzed Reactions ◽  
Enzyme Catalyzed Reactions

The diverse molecular architectures of terpene natural products are assembled by exquisite enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Successful recapitulation of these transformations using chemical synthesis is hard to predict from first principles and therefore challenging to execute. A means of evaluating the feasibility of such chemical reactions would greatly enable the development of concise syntheses of complex small molecules. Herein, we report the computational analysis of the energetic favorability of a key bio-inspired transformation, which we use to inform our synthetic strategy. This approach was applied to synthesize two constituents of the historically challenging indole diterpenoid class, resulting in a concise route to (–)-paspaline A in 9 steps from commercially available materials and the first pathway to and structural confirmation of emindole PB in 13 steps. This work highlights how traditional retrosynthetic design can be augmented with quantum chemical calculations to reveal energetically feasible synthetic disconnections, minimizing time-consuming and expensive empirical evaluation.

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