scholarly journals An Analysis of Research Productivity in Saudi Arabia and Iran

10.28945/4404 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 197-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younus Ahmed Mushtaq Ahmed ◽  
Nurazzura Mohamad Diah
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Qualitative Thematic Analysis ◽  
Growth Of Knowledge

Aim/Purpose: Education is vital as it is a major investment in human capital. Tertiary education, in particular, contributes to the growth of knowledge and advances skills, which helps in the development of a country. This paper aims to look at the research and technological output at the tertiary level in Saudi Arabia and Iran. Background: Saudi Arabia and Iran have an aspiration for leadership in the Islamic world and have been fighting for regional domination. Providing an overview of their tertiary education in these countries could be used to understand where the countries stand in their social and economic aspirations, especially when their economies move from oil to knowledge-based. Methodology: To achieve the objective of the study, qualitative thematic analysis was done on secondary data extracted from the official websites of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), the World Bank and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Contribution: The data suggest that Iran has a higher research output and development at the tertiary level than Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia needs to focus on its research output to achieve its social and economic aspiration to move to a knowledge economy. Findings: The findings reveal that while Iran has a much larger tertiary system than Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia spends a higher percentage of its GDP on education (5.14%) than Iran (2.92%) and has a higher student-instructor ratio (19.85%) than Iran (15.26%). Despite less investment in education, Iran has published more articles (38,299) and filed more patents (14,279) than Saudi Arabia, which has fewer published articles (15,509) and patents filed (2406).

scholarly journals FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KONSUMSI GAS DI INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Rohim Rohim ◽  
Mike Triani
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
A Value ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Gas Consumption

The purpose of this research is to determine (1) the effect of income on gas consumption in Indonesia (2) the effect of population on gas consumption in Indonesia (3) the effect of industrial growth on gas consumption in Indonesia. This type of research is descriptive and associative. The data used in this research is secondary data from Indonesia in the form of time series data from 1970 to 2019 and this data was obtained from official institutions of the World Bank and BP Statistic World. The data were processed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that the income had a negative and significant effect on gas consumption with a probability value of 0.0005 <0.05, the population had a positive and significant effect on gas consumption with a value of prob t-count of 0.0010 <0.05 and industrial growth had a positive and significant effect on gas consumption.  The significant to gas consumption in Indonesia with a value of prob t-count value of 0.5219 <0.05 and suggestions for further researchers to be able to analyze other factors that affecting gas consumption in Indonesia.  Because from the gas sectors, there are still many factors that affected gas consumption until the research results will be better

The IMF, its mandate and influence in prevention of financial sector abuse

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 987-1011
Author(s):  
Norman Mugarura
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Secondary Data Sources ◽  
Work Done ◽  
The Imf

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to articulate the mandate of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) not least in promoting a sound legal regulatory environment for markets to operate globally and its inherent challenges. While acknowledging the plausible work done by the IMF in supporting countries to achieve their macro-economic stability, the paper articulates some of its shortcomings as a global institution. It is evident that the post-war climate in which the World Bank and IMF were created has drastically changed – which presupposes that these institutions now need to reposition themselves to reflect on contemporary global challenges accordingly. The author has argued in the past that a robust regulatory system should be devised taking into account the dynamic challenges in the market environment but also to prevent them from happening again. Design/methodology/approach The paper has utilized empirical evidence to evaluate the mandate of the IMF in addressing its dynamic challenges such as the global financial and debt crises in Europe and the USA and prevention of financial sector abuse globally. The IMF is one of the Bretton Woods Institutions charged with the oversight responsibility to enforce policies and enable countries to manage their macro-economic challenges efficiently. Findings The findings demonstrate that the IMF is as relevant and important as it was when it was created in 1945. However, there is a need for intrinsic and structural changes within this institution to continue discharging its mandate in a changed global regulatory landscape. The IMF is still crucial in fostering a fundamental stabilization function to fragile global economies in areas of financial and technical assistance, and developing requisite legal and supervisory infrastructure within fledging member countries. Research limitations/implications The paper was written by analysis of both theoretical and empirical data largely based on secondary data sources. It would have been better to first present the findings in an international conference to solicit wide views and internalize them accordingly. Practical implications While acknowledging the plausible work done by the IMF and its counterpart the World Bank in facilitating global financial markets regulation and prevention of financial sector abuse, as oversight institutions, they need to constantly review their mandate to respond robustly to their dynamic challenges such as the global and debt crises and financial sector abuse. Oversight institutions need to constantly review and adapt their mandate accordingly, if they are to discharge their varied responsibilities efficiently. They cannot stand still in the face of challenges because they will be superseded and kept at a back foot. Social implications Markets and states are embedded in each other, and the way they are regulated is of a significant importance to varied stakeholders and people. Originality/value This paper is one of its kind, is unique in its character and evaluates embedded issues using empirical evidence in a way not done in its context before. Secondary data sources have been evaluated to achieve a thoughtful analysis of the objectives of the paper.

scholarly journals Status of Knowledge Based Economy in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: An Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 268-277
Author(s):  
Omar Salem Bashehab
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
The Status ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
The Government

This paper highlights on the emerging issues that compelled Saudi Arabia in transforming its economy to a knowledge-based one. It discusses the pillars of a knowledge-based economy i.e. the institutional model; education; research and development (R&D); and information and communication technology (ICT) adopted by the World Bank Institute framework to analyze the status of a knowledge-based economy in Saudi Arabia. The primary objective of this article is to understand the status of the knowledgebased economy in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Secondary data was collected for writing the paper. The nine developmental plans of Saudi Arabia (Ministry of Economy and Planning), Ministry of Education reports, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology reports, and Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (SAMA) reports are some of the important sources of data. The government of Saudi Arabia has laid the foundation for transforming its economy to a knowledge-based one but more is required especially in the field of human resource development and innovation to expedite the easiness of the transforming process.

scholarly journals Blue food demand across geographic and temporal scales

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosamond L. Naylor ◽  
Avinash Kishore ◽  
U. Rashid Sumaila ◽  
Ibrahim Issifu ◽  
Blaire P. Hunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Food Demand ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Animal Source Foods ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Geographic Patterns ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Aquaculture Production

AbstractNumerous studies have focused on the need to expand production of ‘blue foods’, defined as aquatic foods captured or cultivated in marine and freshwater systems, to meet rising population- and income-driven demand. Here we analyze the roles of economic, demographic, and geographic factors and preferences in shaping blue food demand, using secondary data from FAO and The World Bank, parameters from published models, and case studies at national to sub-national scales. Our results show a weak cross-sectional relationship between per capita income and consumption globally when using an aggregate fish metric. Disaggregation by fish species group reveals distinct geographic patterns; for example, high consumption of freshwater fish in China and pelagic fish in Ghana and Peru where these fish are widely available, affordable, and traditionally eaten. We project a near doubling of global fish demand by mid-century assuming continued growth in aquaculture production and constant real prices for fish. Our study concludes that nutritional and environmental consequences of rising demand will depend on substitution among fish groups and other animal source foods in national diets.

The Global Development Learning Network (GDLN) and Tertiary Education in Africa: Opportunities and Predicaments of Centralized Knowledge Broadcasting Programs on the World Scale

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 231-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
N'Dri Assié-Lumumba
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Global Development ◽  
Learning Network ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Education Delivery ◽  
National Borders

AbstractIn the context of the increasing use of ICTs as a medium for higher education delivery across national borders, the World Bank established the Global Development Learning Network (GDLN). GDLN's official mission was to facilitate rapid and simultaneous dissemination of knowledge to audiences in various socio-geographic spaces and the expansion of the opportunity for tertiary education in developing countries. Using the case of Centre d'Education à Distance de Côte d'Ivoire, one of the GDLN national institutional affiliates in Africa, this study illustrates the agendas of liberalization and globalization through ICTs in spite of the potential for local educational gains.

scholarly journals Remittances from Saudi Arabia: A Community Phenomenon

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (4II) ◽  
pp. 245-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asha Gul ◽  
Mahreen Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Strong Growth ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

Remittances are increasingly becoming an essential source of foreign exchange in developing countries, in some cases, even more than official development assistance. Recent estimates from the World Bank indicate that global remittances are expected to exceed $590 billion, with almost 75 percent of these remittances flowing to the developing countries. Pakistan became the fifth largest remittance-recipient nation in the developing world in 2011,1 registering a strong growth of 25.8 percent, relative to a 10.1 percent growth in remittances to South Asia. According to an IMF research paper, workers’ remittances contribute almost 4 percent to the country’s GDP, and are equivalent to almost 22 percent of annual exports of goods and services.2 Remittances to Pakistan have shown a strong rising trend; from being less than $2 billion dollars in 1997 to reaching almost $10 billion in 2010. In fact, the total remittances sent home by overseas Pakistani workers have more than quadrupled in the last eight years to more than $13.186 billion,3 the highest-ever amount received in a year by the country in the last fiscal year, which ended in June 2012. Interestingly, the almost 1.5 million Pakistani expatriates residing in Saudi Arabia send more remittances to Pakistan than from expatriates working and residing in other countries

scholarly journals Early Intervention Proposal Assisting Special Needs Children and Empowering Families

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Special Needs ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Special Needs Children ◽  
Mental Disabilities ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Speech Motor

Statistics: A survey carried out by the World Bank in Egypt, Jordan and Yemen estimated that between 5% and 10% of children under age 18 have at least one type of disability; many of these children face health, educational, social and psychological problems [World Bank, 2004]. A community-based study carried out in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, found that speech, motor or mental disabilities were most common.

scholarly journals APAKAH AUDIT LAPORAN KEUANGAN MENGURANGI SUAP?

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-542
Author(s):  
Stevani Kurniawati Lestari Galamba ◽  
Wehelmina Theresia Patric Nggebu
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Financial Report ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Enterprise Survey ◽  
A Company

Audit financial report is the most important thing in a company. The function is to measure a financial report of a company whether it has fulfilled the standard and characteristic in arranging the financial report. The purpose of the report is to know the use of audit financial report in the company can reduce the bribery practice of government officials. Chi square test and T-test methods were used in this research. The purpose of using this research is to know the relation between variables which is the relation of audit financial report toward the bribe practice in the company. Secondary data from the world bank Indonesia enterprise survey in 2009 is used as the source of data. The results of the research showed that the company that has done the audit financial report tended to not involved in bribe practice.   Audit laporan keuangan adalah hal yang sangat penting dalam suatu perusahan dimana audit laporan keuangan berfungsi untuk menilai suatu laporan keuangan perusahaan telah memenuhi standar dan karakteristik dalam penyusunan laporan keuangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk ingin mengetahui apakah dengan adanya audit laporan keuangan dalam suatu perusahaan dapat mengurangi praktik suap di kalangan pejabat pemerintah. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini menggunakan uji chi square danuji T-test. uji  chi square dan uji  T-test bertujuan untuk mengetahui antar hubungan variabel, hubungan antar variabel dalam penelitian ini yaitu hubungan antara audit laporan keuangan terhadap tindakan suap dalam suatu perusahaan. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu data sekunder yang diperoleh dari The World Bank Indonesia Enterprise Survey yang dilakukan pada tahun 2009. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa perusahaan yang telah melakukan audit atas laporan keuangan cenderung tidak terlibat dalam tindakan suap.

Lessening procurement deviations using procurement post reviews: evidence from Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Adinyira ◽  
Kofi Agyekum ◽  
Patrick Manu ◽  
Abdul-Majeed Mahamadu ◽  
Paul Olomolaiye
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multilateral Aid ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Procurement Risk

Purpose Multilateral aid agencies generate most of their funds from taxpayers, and therefore, it is necessary to ensure that recipients or borrowers use the funds for the intended purposes. The World Bank is one of the major multilateral aid agencies that fund infrastructure projects in developing countries. Like other multilateral aid agencies, the World Bank uses oversight instruments/auditing tools to manage procurement risk on their funded projects. However, empirical insight about the effectiveness of these auditing tools is limited. This paper aims to assess the effectiveness of one of such multilateral aid agencies’ auditing tools (i.e. World Bank’s procurement post review [PPR]) in procurement risk mitigation on funded projects in a developing country context. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on secondary data obtained from the World Bank PPR reports carried out in the 2014, 2015 and 2016 financial years. Five projects with the highest loan amounts and five with the lowest loan amounts for the three-year period were selected from the 24 active World Bank projects during the time of the study. A purposive sampling technique was used to select a representative sample from a list of contracts under the 10 projects. Findings The results of the analysis showed a clear decline in the number of both major and minor deviations over the three-year period while an increase in the number of contracts with “No Deviation”. The study therefore concludes that procurement risk experienced a decline amongst the World Bank projects in Ghana where post reviews were carried out on yearly basis. Originality/value The study identifies the need for more frequent PPR and makes a case for the need to investigate whether PPR is a superior auditing tool compared to the other tools.

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