Widerfahrnisse. Dimensionen der Passivität und der Anonymität im Handlungsgeschehen

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Andermann
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Transcendental Subjectivity ◽  
The Status

The discussion over the befallenness (Widerfahrnis) of experience illustrates how the philosophical tradition has substantially assumed an active and conscious subject. The constitutive meaning of the pre-egoistic and passive, anonymous dimensions of perception and agency become apparent through what befalls us, what we are suffering from, through befallenness, accidentalness and events beyond our control. This article deals with the status of the sovereign subject through a critical discussion of the principles of intentionality and the constitution of world in transcendental subjectivity, showing the development of phenomenology, above all between Husserl and Merleau-Ponty, as emphasising passivity and anonymity.

Reading Ngũgĩ Reading Conrad

2018 ◽  
pp. 55-80
Author(s):  
Mark Wollaeger
Keyword(s):  
Joseph Conrad ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Ngugi Wa Thiong'o ◽  
Postcolonial Criticism ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Center Periphery

This chapter considers points of intersection between Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o and Joseph Conrad. By Ngũgĩ’s own account, his rewriting of Conrad’s Under Western Eyes (1911) as A Grain of Wheat (1967) triggered a crisis of audience that ultimately led him to abandon English for his native Gikuyu. To further complicate the question of influence, Wollaeger also examines the relationship between two works of nonfiction: Conrad’s A Personal Record (1912) and Ngũgĩ’s Decolonizing the Mind (1986). At the heart of Ngũgĩ’s attempt to fashion premodern tribalism into a utopian space are two problems that still animate critical discussion. What is the status of the local and the indigenous? Does attention to influence reinstate a center-periphery model in postcolonial criticism? This chapter shows the extent to which Conrad and Ngũgĩ both anticipate and generate theoretical models later used to articulate modernism and postcolonialism as fields of inquiry.

Ideologies of Gender on Television in India

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya C. Mcmillin
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Female Leadership ◽  
Prime Time ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
National Network ◽  
Content Analyses ◽  
The Status

Content analyses of Indian television programmes on the national network Doordarshan in the 1980s have shown that prime-time shows cast women as docile homemakers and as objects of male desire. This paper uses a critical postcolonial theoretical framework and narrative analysis method to detect ideologies of gender from programmes randomly selected from a month's menu of the transnational, national and regional television networks in the country. A broad conclusion is that Indian television in the late 1990s perpetuates, across channels, the 1980s' stereotypical images of women, images that have their roots in Vedic, colonial, and nationalist literature. The status quo is explained through a critical discussion of the framing of 'woman' in colonial and postcolonial nation-building efforts. The paper also points to the emerging genre of hybrid programming, where the greater incidence of female veejays and talk show hosts paves the way for the expression of female leadership and desire, and leads to more positive television portrayals of women in the 21st century.

Institutional work amidst the financial crisis: emerging positions of elite actors

Organization ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhaib Riaz ◽  
Sean Buchanan ◽  
Hari Bapuji
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Institutional Work ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

We draw on the institutional work literature to analyse the rhetoric in mainstream media spawned by the global financial crisis. We identify the emerging positions (status quo, neutral and change) of actors on major themes (policy, practices, recovery and regulation) related to the crisis and the rhetorical processes used (appeals to expert authority, finding someone to blame, use of scenarios, and avoidance of critical discussion) to communicate these positions. We find that academics lead the charge for change in policy, relying mostly on rhetorical processes that involve the use of past scenarios and blame, but also often avoid critical discussion through over-generalization. In contrast, banks focus on changes in practices, mostly using future scenarios, finding specific others to blame, and also appealing to expert authority. The US Federal Reserve takes the lead on maintaining the status quo on regulation-related issues, largely through using various scenarios and appeals to expert authority. We also find a large number of neutral positions and interpret this as tacit support for existing institutions. We conclude by charting out a broader research agenda for further investigation of the actors-institutions interplay, particularly within the context of the financial crisis.

scholarly journals Modele świadectwa: "prze-pisywanie literatury Holokaustu"

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 250-256
Author(s):  
Joanna Nazimek
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Holocaust Literature ◽  
Testimonial Literature ◽  
Primo Levi ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Status

Models of testimony: “re-writing the Holocaust literature”AbstractThe article is a critical discussion of Pawel Wolski’s treatise titled Tadeusz Borowski – PrimoLevi. Prze-pisywanie literatury Holocaustu (Warsaw 2013). It is setting out selected aspects oftraversing of the researcher from Szczecin by considering the status of testimony literature.Also there is an emphasis put on the phenomenon of profiling using forms of utterancesin Holocaust discourse. The article shows two distinct strategies (analyzed by Wolski) ofautomodeling of writers’ own utterances: “towards” (Tadeusz Borowski) and “accordingto” (Primo Levi) preferred model of testimony shaped under the influence of contemporarypublic debate.Keywords: Tadeusz Borowski, Primo Levi, testimonial literature, Holocaust discourse

scholarly journals Institute of Philosophy: Traditions and Innovations

2021 ◽  
Vol - (4) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Yermolenko ◽  
Serhii Yosypenko
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Social Discourse ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Soviet Marxism ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The Status ◽  
New Research ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article is devoted to the historical and philosophical analysis of the unique and paradigmatic role of the H.S. Skovoroda Institute of Philosophy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in the philosophical life of Ukraine for 75 years since its foundation. The authors outline its role in the process of institutionalizing philosophy in Ukraine from the time of the domination of the dogmas of Soviet Marxism to the introduction of current research traditions in modern Ukrainian philosophy. The continuity and peculiarities of the change of generations of researchers in the field of philosophy and the involvement of Ukrainian philosophical thought in the world intellectual discourse are studied. The article's authors reveal the gradual formation of the Kyiv philosophical tradition, the role of the Institute's leadership in the style and nature of scientific research of certain periods. Particular attention is paid to the institutionalization of new research areas at the Institute, such as political philosophy, philosophy of language and speech, which belong to the leading paradigm of modern philosophy. Attention is paid to the cooperation of the Institute with domestic scientific and educational institutions, its international relations. The status of the leading professional publications, which became significant both in Soviet times and during independence, is highlighted. Finally, the article notes the role and tasks of the Institute in modern social discourse, focuses on the values, the preservation of which is taken care of by representatives of the Institute.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas McDermid
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Thomas Reid ◽  
The Status

This book traces the career of Scottish common sense realism through four developmental stages: its humble beginnings in the writings of Henry Home, Lord Kames (1696–1782), its definitive formulation by Thomas Reid (1710–96), its elevation to the status of academic orthodoxy by Dugald Stewart (1753–1828) and Sir William Hamilton (1788–1856), and—finally—its dramatic repudiation and overcoming by the idealist and rationalist James Frederick Ferrier (1808–64). The book has four overarching aims: (1) to show that Kames, Reid, Stewart, Hamilton, and Ferrier are members of a rich and underappreciated philosophical tradition; (2) to explain how each of them approaches the problems of perception, realism, and scepticism; (3) to re-contextualize some of the achievements of Reid; and (4) to win a wider audience for the neglected work of Ferrier, a thinker of rare daring and originality.

Action

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Hornsby ◽  
Naomi Goulder
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Philosophical Study ◽  
Causal Order ◽  
Virtuous Agent ◽  
Bodily Movement ◽  
The Status

Philosophical study of human action owes its importance to concerns of two sorts. There are concerns addressed in metaphysics and philosophy of mind about the status of reasoning beings who make their impact in the natural causal world, and concerns addressed in ethics and legal philosophy about human freedom and responsibility. Action theorists begin by asking what an action is. For there to be an action, a person has to do something. But the ordinary ‘do something’ does not capture just the actions, since we can say (for instance) that breathing is something that everyone does, although we don’t think that breathing in the ordinary way is an action. So it seems that appeal to intentions is required. Learning what a person is doing intentionally may require finding out what their reasons for acting are, and thus coming to know what they want to be doing and what they think is a way to achieve what they want. So action theorists introduce (so-called ‘rationalizing’) desires and beliefs when they introduce intention. And insofar as they focus on intention, they generally set aside questions about the relation between human agency and the agency of other kinds of thing. The contemporary literature is radically divided over the place of action in the natural causal world. This division is associated with a deep disagreement over the nature of causation. The ‘standard story’ (associated with Donald Davidson) makes use of a familiar model of causation as a network of causal links. On this view, an action is a bodily movement that is caused by the desires and beliefs that rationalize it. The desire, the belief and the bodily movement they cause are all taken to be inherently passive states or events, but the bodily movement is taken to count as an action in virtue of the appropriate, rationalizing, attitudes figuring in its event-causal history. The main alternative view makes use of an Aristotelian model of causal processes, according to which agents are an ineliminable part of the causal order. This view is associated with G. E. M. Anscombe, and is coming to be more widely accepted as renewed attention is paid to her book Intention. Its exponents hold that when the person makes their impact in the natural world, what they do is not detachable from their intentions in doing so. Exponents of the standard story suppose that the attitudes and the action are related as cause to (independent) effect, whereas exponents of the alternative view suppose that a basically different species of causal dependence (an internal one) is in play. Aspects of the contemporary debate are prefigured in an older dispute over whether there are purely psychological ‘volitions’, or acts of will, in action. In each case there is disagreement whether an account of action can be built up out of intrinsically passive elements. There is also disagreement about the character and extent of the agent’s experience and knowledge of what they intentionally do. Action theorists have tended to abstract from questions in ethics. However, there is a long philosophical tradition in which action and ethics are intertwined, from Aristotle’s emphasis on the virtuous agent to Immanuel Kant’s account of freedom in terms of the moral law. How far Aristotelian and Kantian ideas about agency can be developed independently from the ethical frameworks in which they were originally set remains a matter of dispute. But the concerns of legal and moral philosophy certainly require a richer conception of the phenomena of agency than the action-theoretic account on its own provides.

The Church of the Holy Sepulchre and the Temple Mount/Haram esh-Sharif (Jerusalem)

2020 ◽  
pp. 125-156
Author(s):  
Yuval Jobani ◽  
Nahshon Perez
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Sacred Sites ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Status ◽  
Model Section ◽  
Temple Mount ◽  
The Temple ◽  
The Church

Chapter 5 explores two contested sacred sites—the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and the Haram esh-Sharif/Temple Mount—and two models of governance of contested sacred sites—status quo and closure. Section A describes the status quo at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem to facilitate, in section B, a critical discussion of the structure, justifications, advantages, and disadvantages of the status quo model. Section C describes the Temple Mount/Haram esh-Sharif case study with an emphasis on the period of 1967 to the present. Section D defines, explores, and criticizes closure as a model of governance for contested sacred sites.

PHILOSOPHERS AND CITIZENS ON THE AREOPAGUS: LUCIAN'S PROSE TRILOGY

Ramus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-222
Author(s):  
David Blair Pass
Keyword(s):  
Civic Virtue ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Lively Discussion ◽  
Philosophical Writing ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
The Status ◽  
Civic Community ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

The lively discussion of the relationship between rhetoric and philosophy, the presentation of a theory of writing dialogues that combine elements from different genres and a dramatic frame that presents this theory in an Athenian setting as philosophical schools such as the Stoa and the Academy explain to the citizens their contributions to civic virtue make the Twice Accused not only one of the most important dialogues for understanding Lucian's project but also one of the most important literary treatments of the reception of philosophy in Athens and the status of philosophy in the Imperial period. Because many of the philosophical elements Lucian uses to create his drama—common arguments, well-known attitudes and standard portraits—are conventional, the creativity and originality of the work consists in the combination of these elements and juxtaposition of different scenes and frames; understanding each scene and its significance depends on establishing its relationship to other scenes. This paper will examine the role the Twice Accused plays as part of a trilogy of dialogues together with the Sale of Lives and the Fisherman; the trilogy presents a reflection on the introduction of philosophy and a progressive analysis of the attitudes between citizens and philosophers in the Athenian civic context. Considering the three as a trilogy not only reveals a central tragic intertext but also illuminates the way that the methodological statement at the end of the Twice Accused completes the schema connecting attitudes towards the philosophical tradition to Athenian topography by moderating the extremes of the previous two dialogues and explaining the role of philosophical writing as a mediating force between the demands of philosophy and the needs of the larger civic community.

scholarly journals The neotypification of Frontonia vernalis (Ehrenberg, 1833) Ehrenberg, 1838 and the description of Frontonia paravernalis sp. nov. trigger a critical revision of frontoniid systematics

BMC Zoology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Serra ◽  
Aldo D’Alessandro ◽  
Venkatamahesh Nitla ◽  
Leandro Gammuto ◽  
Letizia Modeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
18S Rdna ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Freshwater Organisms ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
The Status ◽  
Critical Revision ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
18S Rdna Sequence

Abstract Background Among Oligohymenophorea (Ciliophora, Alveolata) the subclass Peniculia stands as one of the most well-known groups. Frontonia is the largest genus of Peniculia, and its representatives are spread in any type of water bodies as well as in soil. At a first glance, Frontonia species exhibit an overall similar morphology, and form a well-recognizable taxon of ciliates. Despite the general morphological homogeneity, the phylogenetic analysis based on the 18S rDNA sequencing showed that Frontonia is a non-monophyletic group. The systematics of this genus should be deeply reviewed, although additional issues complicate the task solving. First, type species of the genus is not yet clearly established, and no type material is available. In this context, the situation of F. vernalis, one of the first Frontonia ever described, is somehow puzzled: the description of this ciliate made by Ehrenberg (in 1833 and 1838) contains several inaccuracies and subsequent misidentifications by other authors occurred. Moreover, the 18S rDNA sequence of a putative F. vernalis is available on GenBank, but no morphological description of the correspondent specimens is provided; thus, in our opinion, it should be only prudently associated with F. vernalis or at least indicated as “F. vernalis”. Results In the present work, we provide the neotypification of F. vernalis newly found in Italy, presenting its multidisciplinary description and its neotype material. Similarly, we describe a novel species bearing Chlorella-like endosymbionts, Frontonia paravernalis sp. nov., retrieved in two far distant locations (Italy, Russia). A critical discussion on the status of Frontonia taxonomy and phylogeny is also presented, based on the 18S rDNA sequencing of both these two newly collected species and other 14 frontoniids isolated in different parts of the world. Finally, in the present study F. leucas was neotypified and proposed as the type species of the genus. Conclusions Green frontoniids form a monophyletic clade of freshwater organisms characterized by having a single contractile vacuole and bearing intracytoplasmatic Chlorella-like symbionts. With the neotypification of F. vernalis and F. leucas a fundamental step in Frontonia systematics was taken, and the bases for further taxonomic studies were laid.

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