Kontrast und Wissen

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-102
Author(s):  
Robin Rehm
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Max Scheler ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Black Circle ◽  
Black Cross ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
The 19Th Century

Kasimir Malewitschs suprematistische Hauptwerke ›Schwarzes Quadrat‹, ›Schwarzer Kreis‹ und ›Schwarzes Kreuz‹ von 1915 setzen sich aus schwarzen Formen auf weißem Grund zusammen. Der Typus des Schwarzweißbildes weist überraschende Parallelen zu den bildlichen Wahrnehmungsinstrumenten auf, die vom ausgehenden 18. bis Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts in den Experimenten der Farbenlehre, physiologischen Optik und Psychologie verwendet worden sind. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht diese Parallelen in drei Schritten: Zunächst erfolgt eine allgemeine Charakterisierung des Schwarzweißbildes mit Hilfe des Kontrastbegriffs von Edmund Husserl. Des weiteren wird die Entstehung und Funktion des schwarzweißen Kontrastbildes in den Wissenschaften des 19. Jahrhunderts typologisch herausgearbeitet. Unter Berücksichtigung des Wissensbegriffs von Max Scheler wird abschließend die Spezifik des Wissens eruiert, das die Schwarzweißbilder sowohl in der Malerei Malewitschs als auch in den genannten Wissenschaften generieren. Malevich’s main Suprematist works, such as ›Black Square‹, ›Black Circle‹, and ›Black Cross‹ from 1915, consist of black shapes on white ground. Surprisingly this series of shapes strongly resembles scientific black-and-white images used for research on colour theory, physiological optics, and psychology throughout the 19th century. This paper examines the parallels between Malevich’s paintings and the scientific drawings in three steps: It first characterizes black-and-white images in general, using Edmund Husserl’s definition of the term ›contrast‹. Secondly, the paper investigates the development and function of black-and-white images as tools of perception in the sciences. It finally discusses the specific knowledge generated through Malevich’s art and through scientific black-and-white images, following Max Scheler’s phenomenological identification of knowledge.

Liability of minors in russian criminal law practice XVIII — first half of XIX century

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12-3) ◽  
pp. 242-249
Author(s):  
Alexander Sergeev ◽  
Ekaterina Bratukhina ◽  
Irina Kushova ◽  
Dmitriy Ovsyukov
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article examines the historical aspects of the evolution of the legislative definition of the age of onset of criminal responsibility and the specifics of sentencing juvenile offenders in the 18th and first half of the 19th century.

scholarly journals On the high scientific quality of early research on strain and deformation fabrics (1835–1908)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-216
Author(s):  
Pablo J. Torres Carbonell
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Scientific Quality ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Strain Ellipsoid ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Standards ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract. High-quality research developed during the 19th century established the foundations of rock strain investigations. Careful observation and description of rock fabrics and deformed objects in rocks allowed early researchers to obtain mathematical expressions that are still used today to quantify strain. Thus, in a span of a few decades, and applying basic scientific methodology, these researchers developed the concept of the strain ellipsoid, defined mathematically the difference between constant-volume and volume-loss deformation, constructed the basic equations that define pure and simple shear deformation, and discovered the mechanism of pressure–solution deformation. These advances were fundamental to seminal works on strain analysis and deformation fabrics in the mid-20th century. However, they are rarely addressed in modern studies, which suggests a lack of awareness among current researchers. In order to bring attention to these landmarks of strain research, I provide a historical review of the high standards of analysis that led to the definition of the fundamental equations and concepts on strain during the 19th century.

scholarly journals Integrating the cosmopolitan and the local – The curricular construction of citizens in Luxembourg in the long 19th century

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 165-182
Author(s):  
Catherina Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Education System ◽  
Social Differentiation ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The Public ◽  
School Based ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

During the 19th century new forms of government emerged, understanding themselves explicitly as nation-states. The new definition of the state had to include its members by defining them as citizens, a definition which included both equalizing and differentiating aspects. The education system fulfilled a key role in educating these future citizens. While the principal setting was not a national, I intend to show how this national logic shaped constructions of various types of nation-state citizens made through the public school based on empirical evidence from the Luxembourgian curriculum. In an exemplifying way, the motivation behind the respective changes and continuities will be uncovered concerning social differentiation in secondary education and a strong regional differentiation in the homebound lower branches of education.http://dx.doi.org/10.15572/ENCO2015.11

An Analysis of Marketing Function of Fashion Show

2011 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 607-610
Author(s):  
Yi Xu ◽  
Mei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Marketing Theory ◽  
Marketing Function ◽  
Commercial Value ◽  
And Function ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
At Home

The fashion show was come into being with the appearance of retail of costumes in the middle of the 19th century. Up to now, it has become an indispensable media, added with a lot of artistic elements which strengthen its value of appreciation, in the fashion field. However, what could not be overlooked is that the ultimate goal of the fashion show is still the commercial value in the costume market and still to emphasize the significance and function in the costume marketing. By summarizing the practical experience of fashion show of hers and referring to all kinds of information at home and abroad, the author divides the fashion show into five categorizes and explains one by one. At the same time, the author analysis the marketing function of fashion show in practice by connecting marketing theory.

scholarly journals Kerk en kultuur by die vryheidsoekende Afrikaner van die 1ge eeu - 'n historiese ondersoek

1996 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Pont
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Investigation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stated Problem ◽  
The Church

Church vis it vis culture among the republican Afrikaner of the 19th century - an historical investigation. In this study attention is given to the question of the correlation between and/or position of the church vis a vis culture among the republican Afrikaner of the 19th century. Initially attention is given to  a workohle definition of church and culture and then, in the light of Calvinist theology, the relationship is discussed. Eventually the stated problem is discussed and the conclusion formulated that the culture of the Afrikaner was strongly influenced and directed by its theological viewpoints. A few conclusions are drawn.

The phenomenon of the Russian epic novel

2020 ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
Valeria G. Andreeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Religious Consciousness ◽  
Russian Novel ◽  
Conscious Choice ◽  
Russian Soil ◽  
Epic Novel ◽  
To Come ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of an epic novel, a unique genre phenomenon that arose in Russian literature of the 19th century. While the West European novel lost its national breadth and depth, the Russian novel was able to maintain an epic dominance, revived many of the signs and characteristics of ancient epics based on the material of modern life. The basis for the revival of an epic novel based on Russian soil was: the nature of Russian realism, a special understanding by Russian writers of man and his role, as well as religious consciousness and collegiality. The author of the article discusses the meanings of the definition of “epic”, the concept of “epic”, shows the need for their rapprochement based on the disclosure of the features of the epic novel. The article analyzes the views of literary scholars of the 20th century, which came close to the need to highlight such a dominant form of the Russian novel of the second half of the 19th century, but due to ideological and political trends did not determine the most important foundations of the epic novel. The work outlines the need to study the totality of the artistic world of the epic novel, the special objectivity of Russian writers, which allowed them to come to global and universal problems. The phenomenon of the epic novel is largely due to the precedent picture of the world, the conscious choice of a character between personal, selfish and popular principles in favor of the latter.

Archaeological Explorations in Southwestern Idaho

1965 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl H. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Snake River ◽  
Boundary Zone ◽  
The North ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractField work in southwestern Idaho in 1959 has led to definition of a boundary zone between the Great Basin and Plateau culture areas. Around A.D. 1300, this boundary lay along the Snake River in southwestern Idaho, but in the 19th century it lay nearly 100 miles to the north of the Snake River. It is suggested that the contemporary environment of southwestern Idaho was established about 1000 B.C.

Southeastern institutional change and biological variation: evidence from the 19th century Tennessee State Prison

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
SCOTT ALAN CARSON
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Established Method ◽  
State Prison ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Males ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Height Data

Abstract:The use of height data to measure living standards is now a well-established method in economics, and a number of core findings in the literature are widely agreed upon. There are still some populations, places, and times, however, for which anthropometric evidence remains thin. This paper introduces a new dataset from the Tennessee State Prison to track the heights of comparable black and white males born between 1820 and 1906. Shorter statures were associated with close proximity to the Mississippi River, and the largest share of the white–black stature gap was associated with nativity. Black and white statures declined throughout the 19th century, and farmers were taller than non-farmers.

scholarly journals The ‘Unknown Arts’ of Ancient America: Challenging Classical Art Canons in 19th-Century France The Reception of Pre-Columbian Art before the Primitivist and Surrealist Avant-gardes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Stüssi Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Nineteenth Century France ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
19Th Century France ◽  
The 19Th Century

Pre-Columbian artefacts have been collected and exhibited in Europe since the 16th century. For a long time, they were considered exotic curiosities, ‘grotesque’ attempts at art by inferior peoples. This was a judgement stemming from a Eurocentric definition of art and, during the 19th century, indissociable from colonial and imperialist ideology. We present some views held in scholarly circles about pre-Columbian art in nineteenth-century France and focus on two artists, Jean Frédéric de Waldeck (1766-1875) and Emile Soldi (1846-1906), who drew from contemporary ethnographic and archaeological research, and pre-Columbian history to challenge the limits of academicism and the Beaux-Arts system.

scholarly journals Das Testament als eine Textsorte. Eine linguistische Analyse des Testaments des galizischen Adligen Herman de Brunicki aus dem Jahre 1835

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-51
Author(s):  
Waldemar Czachur ◽  
Agnieszka Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Legal Language ◽  
The Will ◽  
And Function ◽  
The 19Th Century

The aim of the article is to show the specific characteristics of the Galician legal language in the first half of the 19th century. The article analyses the 1835 will of Baron Herman de Brunicki. First, the pattern of the will, its structure and function are examined. Further on, the author focuses on the graphematic, lexical and syntactic levels of the will.

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