Characteristic Seismic Failures of Buildings

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J. "Jon" Moseley ◽  
Andreas Lampropoulos ◽  
Eftychia Apostolidi ◽  
Christos Giarlelis
Keyword(s):  
Structural Engineering ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Seismic Retrofitting ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
The Public ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sufficient Degree ◽  
First Time ◽  
Failure Types

<p>Earthquakes can cause considerable fatalities, injuries and financial loss. The forces of nature cannot be blamed, as the problem lies with the structures in seismic regions that may not have been designed or constructed to a sufficient degree to resist earthquake actions or they may have design flaws. This Structural Engineering Document (SED) concerns reinforced concrete and masonry buildings together with geotechnical aspects and presents in a concise and practical way the state of the art of current understanding of building failures due to earthquakes. It classifies the different types of seismic failure, explains the reasons for each failure, describes good practices to avoid such failures and also describes seismic retrofitting/upgrading procedures for pre-earthquake strengthening and post-earthquake repair and/or strengthening techniques for deficient buildings. Carefully selected photographs and diagrams illustrate the different failure types. This document could be considered as quite unique, as this is the first time such material concerning characteristic seismic failures of buildings has been presented together in one single document. It is intended to be a valuable educational reference textbook aimed at all levels of experience of engineers. It provides background information, ideas, guidance and reassurance to engineers in earthquake regions faced with the task of building a safer future for the public and to protect lives. <p> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/Oddi3VTtxCM" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>

Report from the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO) 2020 State-of-the-Art Virtual Meeting

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 658-669
Author(s):  
Zoia Razumova ◽  
Nicolò Bizzarri ◽  
Joanna Kacperczyk-Bartnik ◽  
Andrei Pletnev ◽  
Antonio Gonzalez Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Society ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Opinion Leaders ◽  
European Network ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Gynaecological Oncology ◽  
Virtual Meeting ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cancer Guidelines ◽  
First Time

This is a report from the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology State-of-the-Art Virtual Meeting held December 14–16, 2020. The unique 3-day conference offered comprehensive state-of-the-art summaries on the major advances in the treatment of different types of gynecological cancers. Sessions opened with a case presentation followed by a keynote lecture and interactive debates with opinion leaders in the field. The speakers also presented scientific reviews on the clinical trial landscape in collaboration with the European Network of Gynecological Oncological Trial (ENGOT) groups. In addition, the new ESGO-ESRTO-ESP endometrial cancer guidelines were officially presented in public. This paper describes the key information and latest studies that were presented for the first time at the conference.

Religion and the Public School Curriculum

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Feinberg
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Background Information ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Supreme Court ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Teaching Religion ◽  
Humanistic Study ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter provides background information on the relationship between religion and public schools and then describes the different kinds of religion courses currently offered in some public schools. While the US Supreme Court has banned compulsory devotional religious exercises, it has not banned the nondevotional teaching of religion. The different types of religion courses command different kinds of justifications, and the legal and educational merits of these justifications are presented. The author concludes by proposing a case for teaching religion that is both constitutionally and educationally acceptable. This case rests upon the importance of the development of autonomy to the liberal tradition, and it shows how the teaching of religion as a humanistic study can serve this ideal.

The mandate and work of ICRP Committee 2 on doses from radiation exposure

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Radiation Transport ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
The Public ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Dose Coefficients ◽  
First Time ◽  
Data Requirements ◽  
Future Plans

The practical implementation of the International Commission on Radiological Protection’s (ICRP) system of radiological protection requires the availability of appropriate methodology and data. Over many years, ICRP Committee 2 has provided sets of dose coefficients to allow users to evaluate equivalent and effective doses for radiation exposures of workers and members of the public. The methodology being applied in the calculation of doses is state-of-the-art in terms of the biokinetic models used to describe the behaviour of inhaled and ingested radionuclides, and the dosimetric models used to model radiation transport for external and internal exposures. This overview provides an outline of recent work and future plans, including publications on dose coefficients for adults, children, and in-utero exposures, with new dosimetric phantoms in each case. For the first time, ICRP will publish dose coefficients for intakes of radon isotopes calculated using dosimetric models. Committee 2 is also working with Committee 3 on dose coefficients for radiopharmaceuticals, and leading a cross-committee initiative to provide advice on the use of effective dose. The remit of Committee 2 has now been widened to include all data requirements for the assessment of doses to humans and non-human biota.

Odours in sewer networks: nuisance assessment

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pérez ◽  
C. Manjón ◽  
J. V. Martínez ◽  
J. M. Juárez-Galan ◽  
B. Barillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sewer Network ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Odour Concentration ◽  
Sewer Networks

As odour nuisance can affect the quality of life, the population is more and more demanding and in many cities sewers are a critical source of odours. Both factors can lead to increasing numbers of complaints due to the odour nuisance perceived by the residents, affecting also the public image of the sewer management companies. Odours associated with sewer networks are very heterogeneous, in as much as the different ‘types of odours’ encountered are sewer site specific. The state of the art indicates that there are three parameters that play an important role with the nuisance generated by an odour: hedonic odour tone, odour concentration and odour intensity. This paper presents the results of the study on odour nuisance carried out in different points of the sewer network, with the aim to assess the nuisance generated and identify which points of the sewer should be targeted to implement corrective actions. Considering the different parameters assessed, pumping stations have been identified as critical points of odour nuisance in the sewers, being recommended to implement an odour treatment system in order to guarantee the odour comfort of residents.

Probabilistic Assessment of Reliability and Risk Values by Certification Results

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-67
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Lapin ◽  
Erken S. Aldakhov ◽  
S. D. Aldakhov ◽  
A. B. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Seismic Resistance ◽  
Probabilistic Assessment ◽  
Quantitative Estimates ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
First Time ◽  
Structural Solutions ◽  
Practical Recommendations

For the first time in Almaty full passport of apartment stock of multiapartment building was carried out. The structure of the housing stock was revealed with the allocation of groups of buildings according to structural solutions and assessment of their seismic resistance. Based on the results of certification, quantitative estimates of failure probability values for different types of buildings were obtained. Formulas for estimation of quantitative value of seismic risk are obtained. The number of deaths in the estimated zem-shakes was estimated. The results of the assessments will be used for practical recommendations to reduce risk and expected losses in possible earthquakes.

The Small State Challenge

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Corbett ◽  
Wouter Veenendaal
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Small States ◽  
Small State ◽  
Informal Politics ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
First Time

Chapter 1 introduces the main arguments of the book; outlines the approach, method, and data; defines key terms; and provides a chapter outline. Global theories of democratization have systematically excluded small states, which make up roughly 20 per cent of countries. These cases debunk mainstream theories of why democratization succeeds or fails. This book brings small states into the comparative politics fold for the first time. It is organized thematically, with each chapter tackling one of the main theories from the democratization literature. Different types of data are examined—case studies and other documentary evidence, interviews and observation. Following an abductive approach, in addition to examining the veracity of existing theory, each chapter is also used to build an explanation of how democracy is practiced in small states. Specifically, we highlight how small state politics is shaped by personalization and informal politics, rather than formal institutional design.

scholarly journals State-of-the-Art Char Production with a Focus on Bark Feedstocks: Processes, Design, and Applications

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Ali Umut Şen ◽  
Helena Pereira
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
Production Studies ◽  
Lignocellulosic Feedstocks ◽  
Thermochemical Method ◽  
Superior Surface ◽  
First Time

In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in char production from lignocellulosic biomass due to the fact of char’s interesting technological properties. Global char production in 2019 reached 53.6 million tons. Barks are among the most important and understudied lignocellulosic feedstocks that have a large potential for exploitation, given bark global production which is estimated to be as high as 400 million cubic meters per year. Chars can be produced from barks; however, in order to obtain the desired char yields and for simulation of the pyrolysis process, it is important to understand the differences between barks and woods and other lignocellulosic materials in addition to selecting a proper thermochemical method for bark-based char production. In this state-of-the-art review, after analyzing the main char production methods, barks were characterized for their chemical composition and compared with other important lignocellulosic materials. Following these steps, previous bark-based char production studies were analyzed, and different barks and process types were evaluated for the first time to guide future char production process designs based on bark feedstock. The dry and wet pyrolysis and gasification results of barks revealed that application of different particle sizes, heating rates, and solid residence times resulted in highly variable char yields between the temperature range of 220 °C and 600 °C. Bark-based char production should be primarily performed via a slow pyrolysis route, considering the superior surface properties of slow pyrolysis chars.

scholarly journals Advances in Forest Robotics: A State-of-the-Art Survey

Robotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Luiz F. P. Oliveira ◽  
António P. Moreira ◽  
Manuel F. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Environmental Preservation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Forest Exploitation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
Robotic Applications

The development of robotic systems to operate in forest environments is of great relevance for the public and private sectors. In this sense, this article reviews several scientific papers, research projects and commercial products related to robotic applications for environmental preservation, monitoring, wildfire firefighting, inventory operations, planting, pruning and harvesting. After conducting critical analysis, the main characteristics observed were: (a) the locomotion system is directly affected by the type of environmental monitoring to be performed; (b) different reasons for pruning result in different locomotion and cutting systems; (c) each type of forest, in each season and each type of soil can directly interfere with the navigation technique used; and (d) the integration of the concept of swarm of robots with robots of different types of locomotion systems (land, air or sea) can compensate for the time of executing tasks in unstructured environments. Two major areas are proposed for future research works: Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart forest and navigation systems. It is expected that, with the various characteristics exposed in this paper, the current robotic forest systems will be improved, so that forest exploitation becomes more efficient and sustainable.

scholarly journals MiRNA Expression in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of Frequent Localizations

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Alexandra Korotaeva ◽  
Danzan Mansorunov ◽  
Natalya Apanovich ◽  
Anna Kuzevanova ◽  
Alexander Karpukhin
Keyword(s):  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
First Time ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are infrequent malignant tumors of a neuroendocrine nature that arise in various organs. They occur most frequently in the lungs, intestines, stomach and pancreas. Molecular diagnostics and prognosis of NEN development are highly relevant. The role of clinical biomarkers can be played by microRNAs (miRNAs). This work is devoted to the analysis of data on miRNA expression in NENs. For the first time, a search for specificity or a community of their functional characteristics in different types of NEN was carried out. Their properties as biomarkers were also analyzed. To date, more than 100 miRNAs have been characterized as differentially expressed and significant for the development of NEN tumors. Only about 10% of the studied miRNAs are expressed in several types of NEN; differential expression of the remaining 90% was found only in tumors of specific localizations. A significant number of miRNAs have been identified as potential biomarkers. However, only a few miRNAs have values that characterized their quality as markers. The analysis demonstrates the predominant specific expression of miRNA in each studied type of NEN. This indicates that miRNA’s functional features are predominantly influenced by the tissue in which they are formed.

scholarly journals Multiple objects tracking in the UAV system based on hierarchical deep high-resolution network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Huang ◽  
Xiaoshu Zhou ◽  
Mingchao Dong ◽  
Huaiyu Xu
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Object Tracking ◽  
High Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Class Imbalance ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Multiple Objects ◽  
Tracking Process ◽  
Objects Tracking ◽  
Different Types

AbstractRobust and high-performance visual multi-object tracking is a big challenge in computer vision, especially in a drone scenario. In this paper, an online Multi-Object Tracking (MOT) approach in the UAV system is proposed to handle small target detections and class imbalance challenges, which integrates the merits of deep high-resolution representation network and data association method in a unified framework. Specifically, while applying tracking-by-detection architecture to our tracking framework, a Hierarchical Deep High-resolution network (HDHNet) is proposed, which encourages the model to handle different types and scales of targets, and extract more effective and comprehensive features during online learning. After that, the extracted features are fed into different prediction networks for interesting targets recognition. Besides, an adjustable fusion loss function is proposed by combining focal loss and GIoU loss to solve the problems of class imbalance and hard samples. During the tracking process, these detection results are applied to an improved DeepSORT MOT algorithm in each frame, which is available to make full use of the target appearance features to match one by one on a practical basis. The experimental results on the VisDrone2019 MOT benchmark show that the proposed UAV MOT system achieves the highest accuracy and the best robustness compared with state-of-the-art methods.

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