scholarly journals The role of microRNAs in skeletal muscle health and disease

10.2741/4298 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Muscle Health

scholarly journals Muscling in on mitochondrial sexual dimorphism; role of mitochondrial dimorphism in skeletal muscle health and disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (15) ◽  
pp. 1919-1922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth A. Nye ◽  
Giorgos K. Sakellariou ◽  
Hans Degens ◽  
Adam P. Lightfoot
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Muscle Health ◽  
The Impact

Mitochondria are no longer solely regarded as the cellular powerhouse; instead, they are now implicated in mediating a wide-range of cellular processes, in the context of health and disease. A recent article in Clinical Science, Ventura-Clapier et al. highlights the role of sexual dimorphism in mitochondrial function in health and disease. However, we feel the authors have overlooked arguably one of the most mitochondria-rich organs in skeletal muscle. Many studies have demonstrated that mitochondria have a central role in mediating the pathogenesis of myopathologies. However, the impact of sexual dimorphism in this context is less clear, with several studies reporting conflicting observations. For instance in ageing studies, a rodent model reported female muscles have higher antioxidant capacity compared with males; in contrast, human studies demonstrate no sex difference in mitochondrial bioenergetics and oxidative damage. These divergent observations highlight the importance of considering models and methods used to examine mitochondrial function, when interpreting these data. The use of either isolated or intact mitochondrial preparations in many studies appears likely to be a source of discord, when comparing many studies. Overall, it is now clear that more research is needed to determine if sexual dimorphism is a contributing factor in the development of myopathologies.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns, Skeletal Muscle Health, and Sarcopenia in Older Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoneta Granic ◽  
Avan Sayer ◽  
Sian Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Nutritional Epidemiology ◽  
Societal Implications ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Muscle Health

In recent decades, the significance of diet and dietary patterns (DPs) for skeletal muscle health has been gaining attention in ageing and nutritional research. Sarcopenia, a muscle disease characterised by low muscle strength, mass, and function is associated with an increased risk of functional decline, frailty, hospitalization, and death. The prevalence of sarcopenia increases with age and leads to high personal, social, and economic costs. Finding adequate nutritional measures to maintain muscle health, preserve function, and independence for the growing population of older adults would have important scientific and societal implications. Two main approaches have been employed to study the role of diet/DPs as a modifiable lifestyle factor in sarcopenia. An a priori or hypothesis-driven approach examines the adherence to pre-defined dietary indices such as the Mediterranean diet (MED) and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)—measures of diet quality—in relation to muscle health outcomes. A posteriori or data-driven approaches have used statistical tools—dimension reduction methods or clustering—to study DP-muscle health relationships. Both approaches recognise the importance of the whole diet and potential cumulative, synergistic, and antagonistic effects of foods and nutrients on ageing muscle. In this review, we have aimed to (i) summarise nutritional epidemiology evidence from four recent systematic reviews with updates from new primary studies about the role of DPs in muscle health, sarcopenia, and its components; (ii) hypothesise about the potential mechanisms of ‘myoprotective’ diets, with the MED as an example, and (iii) discuss the challenges facing nutritional epidemiology to produce the higher level evidence needed to understand the relationships between whole diets and healthy muscle ageing.

scholarly journals P2X receptor signaling in skeletal muscle health and disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher N. J. Young ◽  
Anthony Sinadinos ◽  
Dariusz C. Gorecki
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
P2x Receptor ◽  
Receptor Signaling ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Muscle Health

scholarly journals Skeletal Muscle Na,K-ATPase as a Target for Circulating Ouabain

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violetta V. Kravtsova ◽  
Elena V. Bouzinova ◽  
Vladimir V. Matchkov ◽  
Igor I. Krivoi
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Diaphragm Muscle ◽  
Hindlimb Suspension ◽  
Resting Potential ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Central Nervous Systems ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Specific Increase ◽  
20 Nm

While the role of circulating ouabain-like compounds in the cardiovascular and central nervous systems, kidney and other tissues in health and disease is well documented, little is known about its effects in skeletal muscle. In this study, rats were intraperitoneally injected with ouabain (0.1–10 µg/kg for 4 days) alone or with subsequent injections of lipopolysaccharide (1 mg/kg). Some rats were also subjected to disuse for 6 h by hindlimb suspension. In the diaphragm muscle, chronic ouabain (1 µg/kg) hyperpolarized resting potential of extrajunctional membrane due to specific increase in electrogenic transport activity of the α2 Na,K-ATPase isozyme and without changes in α1 and α2 Na,K-ATPase protein content. Ouabain (10–20 nM), acutely applied to isolated intact diaphragm muscle from not injected rats, hyperpolarized the membrane to a similar extent. Chronic ouabain administration prevented lipopolysaccharide-induced (diaphragm muscle) or disuse-induced (soleus muscle) depolarization of the extrajunctional membrane. No stimulation of the α1 Na,K-ATPase activity in human red blood cells, purified lamb kidney and Torpedo membrane preparations by low ouabain concentrations was observed. Our results suggest that skeletal muscle electrogenesis is subjected to regulation by circulating ouabain via the α2 Na,K-ATPase isozyme that could be important for adaptation of this tissue to functional impairment.

scholarly journals Editorial: Autophagy and Mitophagy in Skeletal Muscle Health and Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabah N. A. Hussain ◽  
Marco Sandri ◽  
Gilles Gouspillou
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Muscle Health

scholarly journals Measurement of nitrate and nitrite in biopsy-sized muscle samples using HPLC

2018 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 1475-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley D. Troutman ◽  
Edgar J. Gallardo ◽  
Mary Beth Brown ◽  
Andrew R. Coggan
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Oxidoreductase Activity ◽  
Bead Beating ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Text Content ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Mechanical Homogenization

Studies of rats have indicated that skeletal muscle plays a central role in whole-body nitrate ([Formula: see text])/nitrite ([Formula: see text])/nitric oxide (NO) metabolism. Extending these results to humans, however, is challenging due to the small size of needle biopsy samples. We therefore developed a method to precisely and accurately quantify [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in biopsy-sized muscle samples. [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] were extracted from rat soleus samples using methanol combined with mechanical homogenization + ultrasound, bead beating, pulverization at liquid N2temperature or pulverization + 0.5% Triton X-100. After centrifugation to remove proteins, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] were measured using HPLC. Mechanical homogenization + ultrasound resulted in the lowest [Formula: see text] content (62 ± 20 pmol/mg), with high variability [coefficient of variation (CV) >50%] across samples from the same muscle. The [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] ratio (0.019 ± 0.006) was also elevated, suggestive of [Formula: see text] reduction during tissue processing. Bead beating or pulverization yielded lower [Formula: see text] and slightly higher [Formula: see text] levels, but reproducibility was still poor. Pulverization + 0.5% Triton X-100 provided the highest [Formula: see text] content (124 ± 12 pmol/mg) and lowest [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] ratio (0.008 ± 0.001), with the least variability between duplicate samples (CV ~15%). These values are consistent with literature data from larger rat muscle samples analyzed using chemiluminescence. Samples were stable for at least 5 wk at −80°C, provided residual xanthine oxidoreductase activity was blocked using 0.1 mmol/l oxypurinol. We have developed a method capable of measuring [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in <1 mg of muscle. This method should prove highly useful in investigating the role of skeletal muscle in [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]/NO metabolism in human health and disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Measurement of nitrate and especially nitrite in small, i.e., biopsy-sized, muscle samples is analytically challenging. We have developed a precise, accurate, and convenient method for doing so using an affordable commercial HPLC system.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document