scholarly journals Lumber value loss associated with tapping sugar maples for sap production

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Sendak ◽  
Neil K. Huyler ◽  
Lawrence D. Garrett
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maples ◽  
Value Loss

An Analysis of the Sources of Value Loss Following Financial Restatements

2021 ◽  
pp. 0148558X2198991
Author(s):  
Philip K. Hong ◽  
Jaywon Lee ◽  
Sang-Hyun Park ◽  
Sukesh Patro
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Discount Rate ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Financial Fraud ◽  
Earnings Persistence ◽  
Flow Component ◽  
Financial Restatements ◽  
Value Loss

We decompose the total value loss around firms’ announcements of financial restatements into components arising from investors’ revisions in cash flows and discount rates. First, relative to population benchmarks, restatements represent circumstances in which the cash flow component becomes more important in explaining valuations. While we find significant contributions from both sources, with the cash flow component explaining more than 33% of the variation in stock returns surrounding restatement announcements, this component explains only 13% to 22% in comparable non-restating firms. When restatements are caused by underlying financial fraud, the discount rate impact becomes more important, explaining about 88% of return variation. On the contrary, the cash flow impact is relatively larger for firms with higher earnings persistence or restatements associated with errors. Our decomposition of the value loss helps explain returns in the post-announcement period. Firms with a higher relative discount rate impact experience a significant downward stock price drift after the initial announcement-related price decline. For firms with a higher relative cash flow impact, the evidence suggests the initial impact of the restatement announcement is more complete with no subsequent drift pattern. Our findings close gaps in the evidence on financial restatements and extend the literature on the drivers of stock price movements.

scholarly journals Effect of Stem Snapping on Aspen Timber Assortment Recovery in Hemiboreal Forests

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Linda Čakša ◽  
Silva Šēnhofa ◽  
Guntars Šņepsts ◽  
Didzis Elferts ◽  
Līga Liepa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Type ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Stem Breakage ◽  
Price Levels ◽  
Value Loss ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mineral Soils

Post-disturbance salvage logging mitigates economic loss after windthrow, and the value of salvaged timber is strongly linked to its quality and dimensions. We studied the occurrence of wind-induced damage of aspen in the hemiboreal forests of Latvia based on data from the National Forest Inventory and additional measurements. Individual tree data from three re-measurement periods were linked to follow a tree condition (live, broken, uprooted) and to link tree characteristics to a respective snag. Three linear models were developed to assess factors affecting the snapping height. An assortment outcome was calculated for undamaged and salvaged trees using the bucking algorithm, and timber value was calculated at three price levels. Wind-induced damage occurred for 3.4–3.6% of aspen trees, and among these, 45.8–46.6% were broken. The mean height of the broken trees was 27.3 ± 0.9 m, and it was significantly higher (both p < 0.01) compared to the height of undamaged and uprooted trees. The tested models indicated tree height as the main explanatory variable for relative snapping height, with higher trees having a lower point of the stem breakage. The other significant factor was the forest type group, indicating that trees growing on dry mineral soils had lower relative snapping height than trees growing on drained mineral soils. Stem breakage significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the volume of assortments, as compared to the volume of undamaged trees. Relative volume loss of sawlogs showed a logarithmic trend with a steep increase up to snapping height of 6 m, and it correlated tightly (r = 0.83, p < 0.001) with relative value loss of the total stem. Timber value loss had a strong, positive relation to tree diameter at breast height and fluctuated by 0.4% among different price levels. The mean volume reduction was 37.7% for sawlogs, 11.0% for pallet blocks, and 8.9% for technological wood.

scholarly journals Colonial Architecture in Panama City. Analysis of the Heritage Value of Its Monastic Buildings

Designs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Antonio Cubero Hernández ◽  
Silvia Arroyo Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Architectural History ◽  
Heritage Preservation ◽  
Panama City ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
Current Location ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
Value Loss ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
Historical Heritage

The Historic District of Panama City was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1997 for representing an exceptional example of 17th century colonial urban planning in the Americas. This article focuses on the specific analysis of the deteriorated monastic typology, highlighting its historical role as an articulating piece of the original urban layout designed in 1673 after the transfer from Panamá Viejo to the current location and which continues today. Our methodology consisted of reviewing the different stages of each of these buildings, extracting common events, and identifying the examples of the greatest value loss, with the aim of enhancing and highlighting their historical footprint. This study includes approaches from urbanism, architectural history, and heritage preservation that allows us to discuss possible tools, either for protection or adaptative reuse, to avoid the deterioration of such important historical heritage.

scholarly journals Investigating the Impact of Airport Noise and Land Use Restrictions on House Prices: Evidence from Selected Regional Airports in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Batóg ◽  
Iwona Foryś ◽  
Radosław Gaca ◽  
Michał Głuszak ◽  
Jan Konowalczuk
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Property Value ◽  
Property Prices ◽  
Value Loss ◽  
Housing Submarkets ◽  
Regional Airports ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we investigate the influence of airport operation on property prices. In this research, we apply spatial hedonic regression and a difference-in-differences approach to address the introduction of new land use restrictions on property prices. We use data on housing transactions from two housing submarkets around regional airports in Poland. The results suggest that the introduction of land use restrictions impacts property prices. In general, as expected, more rigid restrictions translate into higher discounts in property prices. This research contributes to the limited knowledge on the impact of the introduction of land use restrictions on property prices, as most previous papers have focused solely on the impact of noise. These findings must be treated with caution, as some estimates were not statistically significant, mainly due to limited sample size. The research has important policy implications. Growing airports in Poland face tensions between economic and environmental sustainability. Currently, airports in Poland are obliged to limit their environmental impact by creating limited use areas related to the aircraft related noise while being responsible for property value loss related to these restrictions. As a consequence, most regional airports face significant compensations to property owners.

Effects of wildfire on national park visitation and the regional economy: a natural experiment in the Northern Rockies

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Duffield ◽  
Chris J. Neher ◽  
David A. Patterson ◽  
Aaron M. Deskins
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Park ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
The United States ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Demand Models ◽  
Value Loss ◽  
Park Service ◽  
Observed Behaviour

Federal wildland fire management policy in the United States directs the use of value-based methods to guide priorities. However, the economic literature on the effect of wildland fire on nonmarket uses, such as recreation, is limited. This paper introduces a new approach to measuring the effect of wildfire on recreational use by utilising newly available long-term datasets on the location and size of wildland fire in the United States and observed behaviour over time as revealed through comprehensive National Park Service (NPS) visitor data. We estimate travel cost economic demand models that can be aggregated at the site-landscape level for Yellowstone National Park (YNP). The marginal recreation benefit per acre of fire avoided in, or proximate to, the park is US$43.82 per acre (US$108.29 per hectare) and the net present value loss for the 1986–2011 period is estimated to be US$206 million. We also estimate marginal regional economic impacts at US$36.69 per acre (US$90.66 per hectare) and US$159 million based on foregone non-resident spending in the 17-county Great Yellowstone Area (GYA). These methods are applicable where time-series recreation data exist, such as for other parks and ecosystems represented in the 397-unit NPS system.

scholarly journals ANALISA RISIKO DAN KEUNTUNGAN INVESTASI SAHAM BATU BARA DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (Tahun 2010-2014)

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Siti Nur Zahroh
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Value At Risk ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Value Loss ◽  
Return On Capital ◽  
Risk And Benefit ◽  
Level Of Risk

This research was motivated by the increasing value of the production and consumption of coal from year to year, but is not offset by an increase in new investment in this sector. Each selection of investment decisions certainly linked to the degree of risk and benefit ratio, in order to know how much future investment results that will be obtained with the level of risk to a minimum. The purpose of this study was to measure the level of risk and benefit ratio of shares in a coal mining company listed on the Stock Exchange during the study period 2010-2014. Calculation of the level of risk in this study was measured by VaR (Value at Risk) and the profit rate is measured with RAROC (Risk Adjusted Return on Capital). The results of this study indicate that the coal mining stocks are a potential value loss (high risk low return). The highest VaR value during the study period experienced by PKPK of 0.64300 or 64.30% in 2010. The market value of the highest RAROC during the observation period by ITMG in 2010 amounted to 0.4304 or 43%.

scholarly journals Development of Tropisetron Hydrochloride Orodispersible Tablet using Natural Superdisintigrants

2021 ◽  
pp. 191-210
Author(s):  
Rupalben K. Jani ◽  
Gohil Krupa ◽  
Aanal Gandhi ◽  
Vijay Upadhye ◽  
Roshani Pragnesh Amin
Keyword(s):  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Antiemetic Drug ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Cassia Tora ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Orodispersible Tablet ◽  
Value Loss ◽  
Time Required

The foremost objective of this research was to compare and evaluate natural super disintegrants with synthetic super disintegrants for the preparation of the orodispersible tablet. Tropisetron hydrochloride is widely used as an antiemetic drug, which is a potential drug candidate for developing an orodispersible tablet for quick onset of action. Various formulations were prepared using different concentrations (5%, 7.5%, and 10%) by direct compression method of natural super disintegrants (Banana power and Cassia tora powder) and synthetic super disintegrants (Croscarmellose sodium, Crospovidone, and Sodium starch glycolate). The compatibility studies between the drug and excipients were carried out using FTIR spectroscopy before tablet formulation. The pre-compression parameters were evaluated for additive properties. Standardization of banana powder was done by various parameters like extractive value, ash value, loss on drying, TLC identification test, etc. Post-compression parameters like hardness, weight variation, friability, thickness, the time required for disintegration, wetting time, the release of drug in-vitro, and in-vitro dispersion time of the tablets were evaluated. The disintegration time and in-vitro drug release of optimized formulation (F2) were found to be 4.66±1.15 secs and 99.25±0.15%. The optimized formulation (F2) was subjected to stability studies (40 C& 75 % RH) for one month. The results were shown that natural super disintegrants require less disintegration time as compared to synthetic super disintegrants. Hence present study reveals that the orodispersible tablets prepared using Banana powder and Cassia tora powder is super disintegrants that shown better appearance and rapid disintegration time.

Timber Losses from West Fork Complex Fire in Southwest Colorado

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-277
Author(s):  
Laren Cyphers ◽  
Kurt Mackes ◽  
Kevin Duda
Keyword(s):  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
The West ◽  
San Juan Mountains ◽  
West Fork ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
Value Loss ◽  
Actual Damage

Abstract This article provides an assessment of fire effects on timber burned in the West Fork Complex fire area, located in the San Juan Mountains of Colorado. The West Fork Complex fire burned 109,615 acres in 2013, and suppression costs alone totaled $33.2 million. Much of the fire occurred in spruce–fir forests that were previously affected by spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis). Several timber sales were actively occurring within the fire footprint, and more were anticipated to begin in subsequent years. To provide a more accurate valuation estimate, base log stumpage data from 2003 through 2017 were included in this study to show high degrees of variation over time. With base log stumpage values determined, estimates of total hundred cubic feet of each significant species were calculated using geospatial and forest inventory analysis data. This study determined the timber value loss resulting from the coupled disturbance events of the spruce beetle epidemic and a wildland fire to be $19,083,102. This estimate will allow for a more accurate valuation of the actual damage resulting from the West Fork Complex fire. This study may also be useful in supporting the literary basis for salvage and fuels management after a beetle outbreak to prevent such timber value losses from occurring.

A Data Driven Policy to Minimize the Tuberculosis Testing Cost Among Healthcare Workers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnunarayan Girishan Prabhu ◽  
Kevin Taaffe ◽  
Ronald Pirrallo ◽  
Dotan Shvorin
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Direct Cost ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Switching Point ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assay ◽  
Total System ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Compliance Testing ◽  
Value Loss

Abstract Background The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention mandates that healthcare employees at high risk exposure to Tuberculosis (TB) undergo annual testing. Currently in the US, two methods of TB testing are commonly used: a two-step skin test or a whole-blood test. Each testing method has unique costs and considerations. Healthcare leadership’s test selection must not only account for direct cost such as material, procedure and resources, but also indirect costs such as employee workplace absence. Our purpose was to build a mathematical model to investigate the value loss perspective of these testing methods and assist leadership in their decision-making. Methods This model is based on an Upstate South Carolina healthcare employer’s costs affecting over 18,000 employees on 6 campuses. A process flow map identified the variations in TB testing methods that incorporated the varied material and procedural costs based on the Mantoux two-step tuberculin skin test (TST) and the Interferon-Gamma Release Assay test (IGRA). In addition to these direct costs, the subject’s time requirements involved with each test for 4 employee types and 6 travel-to-testing-site times were calculated. Results Regardless of direct cost variations, a switching point between testing procedures that minimized total system costs was most influenced by employee salary. In this model, an employee who is paid more than $48/hour should undergo IGRA blood testing irrespective of the travel time. As employee pay rate decreases to $30/hour, TST testing becomes more economical. Assuming an equal number of at-risk employees in each wage and travel category, switching from the current policy of 95% TST testing to integrated TST/IGRA testing would reduce TB compliance cost by 28%. Conclusions Mathematical modeling can assist healthcare system decision-makers in understanding the implications of employee TB compliance testing. This model distills the known direct costs of TST compared to IGRA testing and value loss perspectives of employee time into a definable switching point. Although actual costs and potential dollars saved depends on TB testing compliance rules and regulation, it appears that a mixed model of TB testing may be the most cost-effective approach for a large health care employer with multiple campuses.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document