scholarly journals Soil Properties Related to Coniferous Seedling Height Growth in Northern Wisconsin

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Rawinski ◽  
James A. Bowles ◽  
Nonan V. Noste
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Seedling Height

Factors related to seedling growth in a boreal Scots pine stand: a spatial analysis of a vegetation–soil system

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2101-2109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Kuuluvainen ◽  
Timo J. Hokkanen ◽  
Erkki Järvinen ◽  
Timo Pukkala
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Understory Vegetation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Canopy Trees

The spatial structure of vegetation and soil properties of a patchy Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) forest of 1 ha was described and examined in relation to the height growth of pine seedlings in the understory. Measured ecosystem properties included the distribution and sizes of canopy trees, within-stand radiation regime, composition of understory vegetation, and topsoil and mineral soil properties. The joint distance dependent effects of large trees were described as the influence potential, derived from the ecological field theory approach. The variation in understory vegetation and soil characteristics was described as score values, derived from multivariate analyses, summarizing the variation of multiple measured variables; factor analysis was used for topsoil and mineral soil properties and canonical correspondence analysis was used for understory species composition. The spatial variation of variables was examined and mapped using geostatistical techniques. The influence potential of canopy trees, as determined by their size and spatial distribution, correlated most strongly with seedling growth, so that the height growth of seedlings was retarded in the vicinity of trees. Correlations suggest that canopy trees also affected seedlings indirectly through their dominating effect on the properties of understory vegetation and humus layer. The mineral soil nutrient content showed a weak positive correlation with seedling height growth. All the factors related to seedling growth showed substantial small-scale variation across the 1-ha study site. The analysis suggests that the variation in seedling height growth in the understory of the studied Scots pine stand is largely caused by the spatial heterogeneity of both above- and below-ground factors and by the joint effect of their complex interaction.

scholarly journals Development and dynamics of mountain spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karsten) stand regeneration

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Malík ◽  
J. Remeš ◽  
S. Vacek ◽  
V. Štícha
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
National Park ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tree Layer

We summarized development and dynamics of natural regeneration in mountain spruce forests in areas affected by bark beetle gradation in the Šumava National Park. Detailed measurements of the regeneration were carried out using Field-Map technology (www.fieldmap.com) on ten permanent research plots. Research plots included the forests with decaying tree layer, stands in partial decline and stands with a generally healthy, or only partially damaged tree layer. Differences in rates of regeneration are very significant between the particular types of plots, especially in the youngest age class. Differences are also evident in the seedling height under varying treatments. The highest numbers of recruits (9,880 per ha) were found under intact overstorey canopies, while the fastest height growth occurred on clearcuts. This study also investigated and evaluated artificial regeneration done in the past.  

Effects of sowing time and container type on height growth and survival of seedlings of Eucalyptusregnans

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-483
Author(s):  
J. D. Kellas ◽  
J. G. Edgar
Keyword(s):  
Height Growth ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Minimum Standard ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Percentage Survival ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Container Type ◽  
Survival Of Seedlings

The height growth and survival of E. regnans F. Muell. seedlings raised in six container types following sowings made at six different times were studied in the nursery and 14 months after outplanting. Seedling height growth during the nursery stage was directly related to container volume and was modified by cold hardening of stems and leaves. Time of sowing influenced survival of outplanted seedlings; however, percentage survival generally satisfied the minimum standard of 1000 trees/ha. The seedlings raised in Jiffy pot 522 (33 mL) were significantly smaller than seedlings raised in Paperpot FH415S (170 mL), Jiffypot 515 (61 mL), Styroblock 2 (40 mL), and Styroblock 8 (125 mL). Container types Paperpot FH415S and Styroblock 8 produced seedlings suitable for present prescriptions of 25–30 cm as required by the Forest Commission in Victoria. However, growth and survival, although variable, were satisfactory for most container types when sown throughout the summer for late winter outplanting.

QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION OF DNA PER CELL IN PICEA GLAUCA AND PINUS BANKSIANA

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 590-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome P. Miksche
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Nuclear Volume ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Dna Amount ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Seed Sources

Intraspecific variation of DNA per cell was established chemically and cytophotometrically for 17 seed sources of Picea glauca, and cytophotometrically for 11 sources of Pinus banksiana. The DNA Feulgen absorption per cell varied from the lowest to the highest amount by factors of 1.6 and 1.5 for Picea glauca and Pinus banksiana, respectively. Intraspecific DNA also varies with intraspecific nuclear volume. Intraspecific variation of histone was similar to the observed DNA variation. A regression analysis between DNA per cell and latitude provided evidence that eastern and western population series of Picea glauca existed in the seed sources studied. Two-year seedling height growth results demonstrated that eastern seed sources are different from western seed sources. Seedling height in the western provenances varied inversely with DNA content; i.e., seed sources with small DNA per cell displayed greater growth, whereas the eastern sources did not display the inverse relationship between DNA amount and 2-year growth.

Indicators of population viability in red spruce, Picea rubens. I. Reproductive traits and fecundity

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 928-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Mosseler ◽  
J E Major ◽  
J D Simpson ◽  
B Daigle ◽  
K Lange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Population Viability ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Picea Rubens ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Seed Traits ◽  
General Validity

Red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) has experienced a substantial decline across most of its range in eastern North America over the past century and probably also in the disjunct Ontario populations where it now occurs only in small isolated stands. Measurements of cone and seed traits from natural populations were used as indicators of the reproductive and genetic status of red spruce across the northern margins of its range in Canada. Cone and seed traits were quantified to provide reproductive benchmarks for assessing and monitoring population viability. Reduced fecundity and seedling height growth were observed in some of the smallest Ontario populations, suggesting some inbreeding depression in both vegetative and reproductive components of fitness. Nevertheless, the reproductive status of these small isolated Ontario populations compared favorably with the much larger, more extensive Maritime populations in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Significantly higher proportions of aborted (nonpollinated) seeds and lower proportions of filled seeds suggested poorer pollination conditions in the Maritimes in 1996. The proportion of empty seed, which was used to estimate inbreeding levels, was significantly and negatively related to seedling height growth. In the short-term, the Ontario populations, which probably represent relatively recent remnants of a broader past distribution, generally appeared to be quite resilient to the effects of small population size on fecundity and progeny fitness. In the longer term, continuing decline in population sizes and numbers may be expected to erode reproductive success and genetic diversity through the effects of inbreeding, genetic drift, and changes in mating behavior. The reproductive indicators described here have general validity for assessing and monitoring reproductive and genetic aspects of population viability in conifers.Key words: Picea rubens, reproductive success, reproductive fitness indicators, inbreeding, population viability, conservation.

scholarly journals Height Growth of Korean Pine Seedlings Planted under Strip-Cut Larch Plantations in Northeast China

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Owari ◽  
Shinichi Tatsumi ◽  
Liangzhi Ning ◽  
Mingfang Yin
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Korean Pine ◽  
Open Site ◽  
Pine Seedlings

To develop two-storied forest management of larch plantations in Northeast China, this study examined the height growth of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensisSieb. et Zucc.) seedlings planted under strip-cut larch canopies. We measured the height growth of the underplanted seedlings 4 years after planting. The larch canopies were of varying stand age (12, 17, and 37 years) and strip-cut width (4.5, 6.0, and 7.5 m). We measured the seedling height growth in an open site (i.e., a site with no canopy). Underplanted seedlings had a smaller height growth (12.1–20.1 cm year−1) than the seedlings planted in the open site (23.7 cm year−1). The seedlings underplanted in the wider strip-cuts tended to have greater height growth than the seedlings underplanted in the narrowest strip-cuts. A generalized linear mixed model analysis predicted the greatest seedling height growth in the open site. A 36–47% reduction in annual height growth was predicted for the narrowest strip-cuts (4.5 m) versus the open site, while a 13–36% reduction in annual height growth was predicted for the wider strip-cuts (6.0–7.5 m) versus the open site. To maintain adequate height growth, forest managers are recommended to create wider strip-cuts (i.e., ≥6.0 m) for the purpose of underplanting Korean pine seedlings in larch plantations.

Overstory Retention and Stock Type Impact Survival and Growth of Underplanted Shortleaf Pine Beneath a Hardwood Canopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K Schnake ◽  
Scott D Roberts ◽  
John L Willis ◽  
John D Kushla ◽  
Ian A Munn
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Containerized Seedlings ◽  
Bareroot Seedlings ◽  
Four Levels

Abstract This study was established to evaluate underplanting as a method of reestablishing a shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) component to a dry upland hardwood stand in the Piedmont region of the southeastern United States. Replicated treatment plots were harvested to retain four levels (approximately 0, 3, 7, and 10 m2 of basal area per hectare) of residual overstory density. One-year-old containerized seedlings with both smaller (93.4 cm3) and larger (113.1 cm3) plugs and bareroot seedlings were underplanted beneath the residual overstory treatments. After five growing seasons, seedling survival averaged 61% and was not meaningfully affected by residual overstory density. Seedling height growth ranged from 1.42 m to 2.61 m and was inversely related to residual overstory density. Containerized seedlings with larger plugs had the highest survival (77.4%) and best height growth (2.11 m), followed by containerized seedlings with smaller plugs (64.3%, 1.76 m) and bareroot seedlings (40.2%, 1.85 m). The results of this study indicated that underplanting containerized seedlings, particularly those with higher plug volume and greater plug depth, was a suitable option for reestablishing shortleaf pine on drier, hardwood dominated upland sites in the Piedmont. However, even low levels of overstory retention suppressed seedling height growth after a few years. Study Implications The study was conducted on a dry upland site typical of the North Carolina Piedmont. Retaining up to 10 m2 ha–1 of oak and hickory overstory basal area did not strongly affect survival among underplanted shortleaf pine seedlings after five growing seasons. However, overstory cover as low as 3 m2 ha–1 had negative effects on height growth of underplanted seedlings over the same time period. Height growth declined as overstory density increased. Containerized seedlings had better survival than bareroot seedlings. Further improvements in survival and height growth were realized by planting containerized seedlings with higher plug volume and greater plug depth.

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