scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from the cutaneous bacterial infections in dogs to cefovecin sodium (Convenia®), Japan, 2008–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
Satoshi Matsumoto ◽  
Donghoon Bae ◽  
Ryoko Uemura ◽  
Naoaki Misawa ◽  
Kota Ishii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius

scholarly journals Bacteremia Among Febrile Patients Attending Selected Healthcare Facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. S466-S473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwafemi Popoola ◽  
Aderemi Kehinde ◽  
Veronica Ogunleye ◽  
Oluwafemi J Adewusi ◽  
Trevor Toy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

Abstract Background The relative contribution of bacterial infections to febrile disease is poorly understood in many African countries due to diagnostic limitations. This study screened pediatric and adult patients attending 4 healthcare facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria, for bacteremia and malaria parasitemia. Methods Febrile patients underwent clinical diagnosis, malaria parasite testing, and blood culture. Bacteria from positive blood cultures were isolated and speciated using biochemical and serological methods, and Salmonella subtyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by disk diffusion. Results A total of 682 patients were recruited between 16 June and 16 October 2017; 467 (68.5%) were <18 years of age. Bacterial pathogens were cultured from the blood of 117 (17.2%) patients, with Staphylococcus aureus (69 [59.0%]) and Salmonella enterica (34 [29.1%]) being the most common species recovered. Twenty-seven (79.4%) of the Salmonella isolates were serovar Typhi and the other 7 belonged to nontyphoidal Salmonella serovarieties. Thirty-four individuals were found to be coinfected with Plasmodium falciparum and bacteria. Five (14.7%) of these coinfections were with Salmonella, all in children aged <5 years. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that most of the Salmonella and Staphylococcus isolates were multidrug resistant. Conclusions The study demonstrates that bacteria were commonly recovered from febrile patients with or without malaria in this location. Focused and extended epidemiological studies are needed for the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines that have the potential to prevent a major cause of severe community-acquired febrile diseases in our locality.

scholarly journals Prevalence, distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates from a tertiary Hospital in Malawi

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pizga Kumwenda ◽  
Emmanuel C. Adukwu ◽  
Ebot S. Tabe ◽  
Victor. C. Ujor ◽  
Pocha S. Kamudumuli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

Abstract Background Bacterial infections are a significant cause of sickness and death in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed at establishing the prevalence, distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of major bacterial isolates from patients accessing medical care at a tertiary hospital in Malawi. Methods We retrospectively reviewed bacteria culture and antimicrobial susceptibility records for 4617 patients from 2002 to 2014 at Mzuzu Central Hospital (MCH). No inclusion and exclusion criteria were followed. Data was analysed using excel (Microsoft office, USA) and GraphPad prism 7 software programs. Results The most prevalent isolates were S. aureus (34.7%, n = 783), Klebsiella species (17.4%, n = 393) and Proteus species (11.4%, n = 256). Most microorganisms were isolated from adults (88.3%, n = 3889) and pus was the main source (69.3%, n = 1224). S. pneumoniae was predominantly isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (60.3%, n = 44) largely collected from children (88.2%, n = 64). Overall, most bacteria exhibited high resistance to all regularly used antimicrobials excluding ciprofloxacin. Conclusions Our report demonstrates an increase in bacterial infection burden in sites other than blood stream and subsequent increase in prevalence of antimicrobial resistance for all major isolates. Creating an epidemiological survey unit at MCH will be essential to help inform better treatment and management options for patients with bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Recent Development of Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Methods through Metabolic Profiling of Bacteria

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Chen Chen ◽  
Weili Hong
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Metabolic Profiling ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Bacterial Metabolism ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Key Factor

Due to the inappropriate use and overuse of antibiotics, the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria are increasing and have become a major threat to human health. A key factor in the treatment of bacterial infections and slowing down the emergence of antibiotic resistance is to perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of infecting bacteria rapidly to prescribe appropriate drugs and reduce the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Current phenotypic AST methods based on the detection of bacterial growth are generally reliable but are too slow. There is an urgent need for new methods that can perform AST rapidly. Bacterial metabolism is a fast process, as bacterial cells double about every 20 to 30 min for fast-growing species. Moreover, bacterial metabolism has shown to be related to drug resistance, so a comparison of differences in microbial metabolic processes in the presence or absence of antimicrobials provides an alternative approach to traditional culture for faster AST. In this review, we summarize recent developments in rapid AST methods through metabolic profiling of bacteria under antibiotic treatment.

scholarly journals Species, Risk Factors, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Bacterial Isolates from HIV-Infected Patients Suspected to Have Pneumonia in Mekelle Zone, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebre Adhanom ◽  
Dawit Gebreegziabiher ◽  
Yemane Weldu ◽  
Araya Gebreyesus Wasihun ◽  
Tadele Araya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
P Value ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Hiv Patients

Background. Pneumonia is a condition, where bacterial infections are implicated as the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in humans. The actual burden of HIV-infected patients with pneumonia is not well documented in Mekelle region of Ethiopia. This study estimated the prevalence of bacterial pneumonia in HIV patients, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of pathogens implicated in pneumonia, and associated risk factors in Mekelle zone, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, during August-December 2016. Methods. Sputum specimens were collected from 252 HIV seropositive individuals with suspected pneumonia. Data on sociodemographics and risk factors were also collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood, Chocolate, and Mac Conkey agar plates (Oxoid, Hampshire, UK) were used to grow the isolates. The isolated colonies were identified based on Gram stain, colony morphology, pigmentation, hemolysis, and biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 22 and p-value < 0.05 with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was considered statistically significant. Results. Out of the 252 samples, 110 (43.7%) were positive for various bacterial species. The predominant bacterial species were Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=26, 23.6 %) followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=17, 15.5 %), Escherichia coli (n=16, 14.5%), Klebsiella spp. (n=15, 13.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (n=9, 8.2%), Enterobacter spp. (n=7, 6.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4, n=3.6%), Proteus spp. (n=4, 3.6%), Citrobacter freundii (n=7, 6.3%), Streptococcus pyogenes (3, 2.7%), and Haemophilus influenzae (n=2, 1.8%). Young age (18-29), recent CD4+ count less than 350 cells/mL, alcohol consumption, and HIV WHO stage II showed significant association with the occurrence of bacterial pneumonia. Resistance to penicillin, co-trimoxazole, and tetracycline was observed in 81.8%, 39.8%, and 24.5% of the isolates, respectively. Conclusions. The problem of pneumonia among HIV patients was significant in the study area. The high prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria isolated from the patient’s samples possesses a health risk in immunocompromised HIV patients. There is a need to strengthen and expand culture and susceptibility procedures for the administration of appropriate therapy to improve patients management and care which may aid in decreasing the mortality.

scholarly journals Comparative performances of Vitek-2, Disk Diffusion, and Broth Microdilution for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of canine Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Rampacci ◽  
Michele Trotta ◽  
Caterina Fani ◽  
Serenella Silvestri ◽  
Valentina Stefanetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Major Error ◽  
Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius ◽  
Cutaneous Infections ◽  
Vitek 2

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is the primary cause of canine cutaneous infections and sporadically isolated as pathogen from humans. Rapidly emerging antibiotic-resistant strains are creating serious health concern so that accurate and timely antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is crucial for patient care. Here, the performances of AST methods Vitek-2, Disk Diffusion (DD) and Broth Microdilution (BMD) were compared for the determination of susceptibility of 79 S. pseudintermedius isolates from canine cutaneous infections and one from human pyoderma to oxacillin (OXA), amoxicillin/clavulanate (AMC), cephalothin (CEF), gentamicin (GEN), enrofloxacin (ENR), doxycycline (DOX), clindamycin (CLI), inducible clindamycin resistance (ICR), mupirocin (MUP) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT). Overall, the agreement of DD and Vitek-2 using veterinary AST-GP80 card with reference BMD was ≥ 90%, suggesting reliable AST performances. While DD generated mainly minor errors and one major error for OXA, Vitek-2 produced one very major error for GEN and it failed in identifying one ICR-positive isolate. Moreover, five bacteria were diagnosed as ICR-positive by Vitek-2 but they showed a non-induction resistance phenotype by manual methods. All S. pseudintermedius were interpreted as susceptible or intermediately susceptible to DOX using CLSI breakpoints for human staphylococci that match the DOX concentration range included in AST-GP80. However, this could lead to inappropriate antimicrobial prescription for S. pseudintermedius infections in companion animals. Considering the clinical and epidemiological importance of S. pseudintermedius , we encourage updating action by the system manufacturer to address AST for this bacterium.

scholarly journals Laboratory based antimicrobial resistance surveillance for Pseudomonas aeruginosa blood isolates from South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (08) ◽  
pp. 616-624
Author(s):  
Ashika Singh-Moodley ◽  
Adriano Duse ◽  
Preneshni Naicker ◽  
Ranmini Kularatne ◽  
Trusha Nana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Baseline Information

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistant bacterial infections are widespread globally and increases in antimicrobial resistance presents a major threat to public health. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic healthcare-associated pathogen with high rates of morbidity and mortality and an extensive range of resistance mechanisms. This study describes the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of P. aeruginosa isolates from patients with bacteraemia submitted by sentinel laboratories in South Africa from 2014 to 2015. Methodology: Organism identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were done using automated systems. Molecular methods were used to detect common resistance genes and mechanisms. Results: Overall the susceptibility was high for all antibiotics tested with a decrease over the two-year period. There was no change in the MIC50 and MIC90 breakpoints for all antibiotics from 2014 to 2015. The MIC50 was within the susceptible breakpoint range for most antibiotics and the MIC90 was within the susceptible breakpoint range for colistin only. Phenotypically carbapenem non-susceptible isolates harboured the following plasmid-mediated genes: blaVIM (n = 81, 12%) and blaGES (n = 6, 0.9%); blaNDM (n = 4, 0.6%) and blaOXA-48 and variants (n = 3, 0.45%). Porin deletions were observed in one meropenem non-susceptible isolate only, and multi-drug resistance efflux pumps were expressed in the majority of the non-susceptible isolates investigated. BlaVEB-1, blaIMP and blaKPC were not detected. Conclusion: The prevalence of resistance to commonly used antibacterial agents was low for P. aeruginosa isolates and similarly, tested resistance mechanisms were detected in a relatively small proportion of isolates. Findings in this study represent baseline information for understanding antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in P. aeruginosa isolates from blood. Our surveillance report may assist in contributing to hospital treatment guidelines.

scholarly journals IN VITRO EFFICACY TESTING OF NEEM (AZADIRACHTA INDICA) EXTRACT AGAINST AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC BACTERIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-121
Author(s):  
AKSHAYA S. R. ◽  
G. BHUVANESHWARI ◽  
J. R. LILLY GRACE ◽  
ROSY VENNILA
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Neem Leaves

Objective: To experiment the antimicrobial susceptibility of crude extract from neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens. Methods: Through the water extraction method, the aqueous crude extract of neem leaves were obtained. Separate colonies of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens were isolated and identified on different agars. Agar cup diffusion method was done to test the antimicrobial susceptibility of the neem leaves crude extract against those bacteria on Mueller-Hinton agar. Susceptibility was determined based on the zone of inhibition formed on the agar of each bacterium culture. Result: Neem was effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium perfringens. It was not effective against Escherichia coli. Conclusion: Neem extract has some promisable antimicrobial effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium perfringens causative bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Distribution and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates from a Tertiary Hospital in Malawi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pizga Kumwenda ◽  
Emmanuel C. Adukwu ◽  
Ebot S. Tabe ◽  
Victor C Ujor ◽  
Pocha S. Kamudumuli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

Abstract Background Bacterial infections are a significant cause of sickness and death in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed at establishing the prevalence, distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of major bacterial isolates from patients accessing medical care at a tertiary hospital in Malawi. Methods We retrospectively reviewed bacteria culture and antimicrobial susceptibility records for 4,617 patients from 2002 to 2014 at Mzuzu Central Hospital (MCH). No inclusion and exclusion criteria were followed. Data was analysed using excel (Microsoft office, USA) and GraphPad prism 7 software programs. Results The most prevalent isolates were S. aureus (34.7%, n = 783), Klebsiella species (17.4%, n = 393) and Proteus species (11.4%, n = 256). Most microorganisms were isolated from adults (88.3%, n = 3889) and pus was the main source (69.3%, n = 1224). S. pneumoniae was predominantly isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (60.3%, n = 44) largely collected from children (88.2%, n = 64). Overall, most bacteria exhibited high resistance to all regularly used antimicrobials excluding ciprofloxacin. Conclusions Our report demonstrates an increase in bacterial infection burden in sites other than blood stream and subsequent increase in prevalence of antimicrobial resistance for all major isolates. Creating an epidemiological survey unit at MCH will be essential to help inform better treatment and management options for patients with bacterial infections.

scholarly journals The Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori Strains Isolated from Children and Adults with Primary Infection in the Lower Silesia Region, Poland.

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
GRAŻYNA GOŚCINIAK ◽  
MONIKA BIERNAT ◽  
JOANNA GRABIŃSKA ◽  
ALDONA BIŃKOWSKA ◽  
ELŻBIETA PONIEWIERKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Primary Resistance ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Lower Silesia

The resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics has become a serious issue in recent years in the therapy of bacterial infections. This problem also concerns the treatment of infections caused by Helicobacter pylori strains. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of primary resistance of H. pylori strains isolated from children and adults. The subject of the research was 105 strains of H. pylori isolated from children and 60 strains from adults in the Lower Silesia Region in the years 2008-2011. Antimicrobial susceptibility to the following antibiotics was assessed: amoxicillin (AC), clarithromycin (CH), metronidazole (MZ), tetracycline (TC), levofloxacin (LEV) and rifabutin (RB). Among the strains isolated from children, 33.3% were resistant to CH, 44.8% to MZ whereas 1.9% of strains were resistant simultaneously to CH, MZ and LEV. Among 60 strains isolated from adults, 23.3% were resistant to CH, 66.7% to MZ, and 6.7% to LEV. Moreover, 16 multidrug resistant strains were isolated from adults, including 12 resistant to CH and MZ, 3 to MZ and LEV, and 1 to CH, MZ and LEV. All examined strains were susceptible to AC, TC and RB. The high incidence of resistance to CH and MZ suggests that standard triple therapies may not be useful as first-line treatment in Poland without earlier susceptibility testing.

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