scholarly journals Technological properties of clay raw materials

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
O.M. Nedbailo ◽  
O.G. Chernyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ceramic Production ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Technological Characteristics ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
Composition Properties ◽  
Geological Formations

The article summarizes and analyzes the technological characteristics of various clay raw materials. Recommendations on the feasibility of their use in various types of ceramic production are given. Their main characteristics are given, such as chemical composition, mineralogical and physical properties, which vary within extremely wide limits. They are most characterized by a layered structure. All clay minerals are considered as secondary geological formations that arose in deposits in which water was present as a product of changes in aluminosilicate rocks. Most clay minerals are the product of weathering and deposition, but they can also be formed in hydrothermal conditions. In addition to basic clay minerals, clays also contain various amounts of other minerals that often affect their behavior when used. The most common such minerals are quartz, feldspar and minerals containing iron, lime, alkalis and soluble salts. The organic component is also found in many clay deposits. Different classifications of clays are based on their geology, mineralogy, composition, properties and uses, but none of them covers all possible diversity.

Theoretical Assessment of the Prospects for the Use of Raw Materials in Ceramic Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 887 ◽  
pp. 499-503
Author(s):  
Victoria A. Gurieva ◽  
Anastasia A. Ilyina ◽  
Aleksandr V. Doroshin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ceramic Production ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
Metallurgical Slags ◽  
Theoretical Assessment ◽  
Mineralogical Compositions

The paper presents the results of analyzing the prospects of using clay raw materials in a composition with metallurgical slags for the production of ceramic products. The results of the analysis of the chemical and mineralogical properties of clay from the Khalilovsky deposit in the Orenburg region and nickel slags from the dumps of the South Ural Nickel Combine are presented. The studies were carried out using X-ray fluorescence and differential thermal analysis methods. The article presents the performed X-ray and derivatograms of slag and clay and the features of the experimental types of raw materials revealed during their analysis. The connection between the chemical and mineralogical compositions of the experimental clay and slags on the technological properties of finished ceramic products has been theoretically established. The use of XRF and DTA to study the characteristics of plastic and non-plastic raw materials made it possible at the first stages of the experiment to reject materials that were unsatisfactory in properties for the production of ceramic products, which contributes to the optimization of experiments, rational consumption of costs of newly mined clay raw materials.

scholarly journals Optimization of the compositions of filling materials containing waste from the development of salt deposits

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-497
Author(s):  
N. Ch. Belous ◽  
S. P. Rodtsevich ◽  
O. N. Opanasenko ◽  
N. P. Krutko ◽  
V. V. Shevchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Mathematical Planning ◽  
Uniaxial Compression Strength ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
Technological Characteristics ◽  
Salt Deposits

By the method of mathematical planning of the experiment, the influence of the liquid-solid ratio and the content of waste of salt deposits in magnesia hardening backfill mixtures on their technological properties have been studied. The plan of the experiment has been chosen, the regression equations describing the influence of anhydrite wastes and halite wastes content on the density, spreadability and early setting time of backfillingsolutions, volumetric mass, and 28-day uniaxial compression strength of hardened materials have been obtained. As a result of the statistical analysis of mathematical models, the significance of their coefficients, adequacy, efficiency and the ability to calculate technological characteristics of backfilling mixtures by type and content of man-made raw materials have been estimated.

Study of technological characteristics of the Health in gum® base for chewing gum

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
E. Blynskaya ◽  
S. Tishkov ◽  
V. Bueva ◽  
K. Alekseev ◽  
V. Alekseev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Form ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Direct Compression ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Technological Characteristics ◽  
Chewing Gums

Medicated chewing gum is a convenient dosage form that allows to expand the range of medicines, ensure adherence of patients to the treatment and extend patent protection for well-known names of medicines. This article describes the technological properties of the Health in Gum® chewing gum base, which provides medicinal chewing gums with minimal addition of excipients by direct compression.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Properties of Handere Clays and Their Use as a Building Material

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasin Erdoğan
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Volcanic Glass ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Loss On Ignition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Clay Deposits

Handere clay deposits were discovered at Adana in Turkey. These clay units primarily consist of uncoloured claystone, pebbly sandstone, sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone marl and include gypsum lenses and clay levels of various thicknesses in places. The physicochemical properties of these clays have been investigated by different techniques including Scanning Electron and Elemental Analysis (SEM and EDS), mineralogical analyses, chemical and physical analyses, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), and Atterberg (Consistency) Limits Test. The mineralogical composition deduced from XRD is wide (smectite + palygorskite + illite ± feldspar ± chlorite ± quartz ± calcite ± serpentine) due to the high smectite contents (≈85%). SEM studies reveal that smectite minerals are composed of irregular platy leaves and show honeycomb pattern in the form of wavy leaves in places. The leaves presenting an array with surface edge contact are usually concentrated in the dissolution voids and fractures of volcanic glass. Organic matter content and loss on ignition analysis of raw materials are good for all the studied samples. In summary, Handere clays can be used as building materials in bricks, roof tiles, and cement and as a binder.

PROSPECTS FOR LOCAL MINERAL AND RAW MATERIALS USE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOUTHWESTERN REGION OF GOMEL REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Ivan I. Lishtvan ◽  
Boris V. Kurzo ◽  
Oleg M. Gaidukevich ◽  
Alexandr I. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Brown Coal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Clay Deposits

The results of the study of the resource potential of Lelchitsky and adjacent regions are presented. It is shown that the raw materials for the production of crushed stone and natural stone in the amount of 1 million m3 is actively extracted in the region with the prospect of volume increasing up to 10 million m3. In addition, peat and sapropel are mined for the production of organic fertilizers, feed additives and drilling fluids. Brown coal and bentonite clay deposits are promising for mining. Peat, sapropel and brown coal should be considered to be raw materials for complex deep processing with the release of more products and materials with high added value. The obtained results allow to conclude that the development of Lelchitsky region and the economic feasibility of building Polesie section of the railway is possible only through integrated development and the most complete use of the entire resource base of the region.

COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF MILK PROTEIN COAGULANTS OF DIFFERENT ORIGIN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.Г. КРУЧИНИН ◽  
С.Н. ТУРОВСКАЯ ◽  
Е.Е. ИЛЛАРИОНОВА ◽  
А.В. БИГАЕВА
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Recombinant Enzymes ◽  
Rennet Coagulation ◽  
Milk Coagulation

Потребность в увеличении количества и качества производимой молочной продукции стимулирует исследования, направленные на повышение эффективности переработки молочного сырья, что, в свою очередь, невозможно без изучения технологических свойств молока и функционально необходимых ингредиентов, применяемых в производстве различной молочной продукции. На основе научно-технической информации международных и российских баз данных, систематизированной в рамках изучаемой тематики, представлен обзор научных работ о коагулянтах белков молока различного происхождения, применяемых при кислотной, кислотно-сычужной и сычужной коагуляции. Установлено, что в российской и международной производственной практике востребованы коагулянты животного, микробного и рекомбинантного происхождения. Наибольшим спросом среди коагулянтов животного происхождения пользуется химозин, получаемый из желудков телят. Ферменты микробного и рекомбинантного происхождения отличаются более стабильным качеством и низкой стоимостью, но их производство, основанное на методах генной инженерии, вызывающих предубеждение у большинства потребителей, практически полностью сосредоточено за рубежом. При условии повышения лояльности потребителей ферменты рекомбинантного происхождения могут стать наиболее перспективными функциональными ингредиентами. Исследования потенциала различных протеолитических ферментов растительного происхождения выявили невысокий технологический эффект их применения. Рассмотренный материал позволяет прогнозировать перспективность научных исследований по выявлению механизмов коагуляции молока и новых эффективных и универсальных коагулянтов совокупно с селекционной практикой отбора животных, направленной на улучшение технологических свойств молочного сырья. The need to increase the quantity and quality of dairy products encourages research aimed at improving the efficiency of processing dairy raw materials, which, in turn, is impossible without studying the technological properties of milk and functionally necessary ingredients used in the production of various dairy products. On the basis of scientific and technical information from international and Russian data bases, systematized within the framework of the subject under study, a review of scientific works on milk protein coagulants of various origins used in acid, acid-rennet and rennet coagulation is presented. It is established that coagulants of animal, microbial and recombinant origin are in demand in the Russian and international production practice. The greatest demand among coagulants of animal origin is chymosin, obtained from the stomachs of calves. Microbial and recombinant enzymes are characterized by more stable quality and lower cost, but their production, based on genetic engineering methods that cause prejudice among most consumers, is almost entirely concentrated abroad. If consumer loyalty is increased, recombinant enzymes may become the most promising functional ingredients. Studies of the potential of various proteolytic enzymes of plant origin revealed a low technological effect of their use. The considered material allows us to predict the prospects of scientific research to identify the mechanisms of milk coagulation and new effective and universal coagulants together with the breeding practice of animal selection, aimed at improving the technological properties of dairy raw materials.

Technological aspects of alcohol distillates production from non-traditional sugar-raw materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
Kateryna Danilova ◽  
◽  
Oksana Zavarzina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Growth Substances ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Cane Molasses ◽  
Yeast Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

An actual problem of the alcohol industry development is the expansion of the raw material base through the use of new, cheaper types of carbohydrate sources. Recently, glucose-fructose syrup has been of increasing interest to producers of ethanol. Among the producers of craft drinks, in particular rum-based drinks, cane molasses is in increasing demand. The article presents the technological aspects of the fermentation process of nonconventional sugar-containing raw materials on the example of glucose-fructose syrup and cane molasses in ethanol by different yeast strains. It is determined that glucose-fructose syrup and cane molasses are raw materials depleted of nitrogen, phosphorus and growth substances necessary for the yeast activity. To improve the technological properties of raw materials in the molasses, nitrogen, phosphorus nutrition and corn extract as a growth substance shall be added to a mash. Glucose-fructose syrup is of pH 3.68 and of acidity 0.12, which negatively affects the fermentation. It is established that in order to create optimal living conditions for yeast, it is necessary to add substances to the glucose-fructose syrup that will contribute to the safety of development and prevent the pH 3.5. It was determined that the alcohol yield from 1 ton of glucose-fructose syrup is 31.0 dal, from 1 ton of cane molasses is 24.0 dal on the yeast 46ED and 22 dal on the TegaYeast without the use of growth substances and vitamins necessary for the reproduction of yeast biomass. Under conditions of improving the technological properties of the mash from the glucose-fructose syrup and cane molasses by adding biologically active substances promoting the synthesis of yeast biomass, the ethanol content in the fermented mashes increases up to 11.9 12% vol.

Volcanogenic clays in Jurassic and Cretaceous strata of England and the North Sea Basin

Clay Minerals ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. Jeans ◽  
D. S. Wray ◽  
R. J. Merriman ◽  
M. J. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Hydrothermal Fluids ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
The North ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Thermal Doming

AbstractThe nature and origin of authigenic clay minerals and silicate cements in the Jurassic and Cretaceous sediments of England and the North Sea are discussed in relation to penecontemporaneous volcanism in and around the North Sea Basin. Evidence, including new REE data, suggests that the authigenic clay minerals represent the argillization of volcanic ash under varying diagenetic conditions, and that volcanic ash is a likely source for at least the early silicate cements in many sandstones. The nature and origin of smectite-rich, glauconite-rich, berthierine-rich and kaolin-rich volcanogenic clay mineral deposits are discussed. Two patterns of volcanogenic clay minerals facies are described. Pattern A is related to ash argillization in the non-marine and marine environments. Pattern B is developed by the argillization of ash concentrated in the sand and silt facies belts in the seas bordering ash-covered islands and massifs. It is associated with regression/ transgression cycles which may be related to thermal doming and associated volcanism, including the submarine release of hydrothermal fluids rich in Fe. The apparent paucity of volcanogenic clay deposits in the Jurasssic and Early Cretaceous sediments of the North Sea is discussed.

Potential of Clay Deposits in Kelantan for Ceramic Production: A Literature Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 980 ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
Olalere Folasayo Enoch ◽  
Ab. Aziz Shuaib ◽  
Khairul Azhar bin Mat Daud
Keyword(s):  
International Market ◽  
Shrinkage Porosity ◽  
Ceramic Production ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Tile Production ◽  
Green Strength ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
Ball Clay ◽  
Clay Pipe ◽  
Potential Use

Kelantan state, regarded as the cradle of Malay culture is not only known for her unique cultural heritage, but also a land blessed with both metallic and non-metallic minerals. These include enormous clay deposits discovered in six (6) districts with estimated total reserve of 29.4 million tonnes of ball clay and 51.5 million tonnes of mottled clay. Hence, this paper investigates the physiochemical and mineralogical properties of the clay deposits. This was achieved by reviewing existing literatures and reports at the Mineral and Geoscience Department, Malaysia. The properties investigated were green and fired clay colour, plasticity, green strength, dry and fired shrinkage, porosity, chemical and mineral composition. The properties of the clay revealed that they have geographical IP potential; particularly, the predominantly off-white fired colour of the ball clay at temperature range of 900-11000C can secure an identity for Kelantan ceramics in the local, national or international market. Based on these properties, the ball clay is applicable for table ware, earthenware and local tile production while the mottled clay has a potential use for vitrified clay pipe, local tile and brick production.

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