scholarly journals Rottenstone as a basis for obtaining geopolymer material

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
V.V. Sobchenko ◽  
V.A. Zhaivoronok ◽  
H.O. Sobchenko
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Geopolymer Material

The possibility of obtaining perspective geopolymer materials for use in the building industry was shown. Geopolymer materials are used with such advantages as high strength, density, water resistance, heat and heat resistance, environmental friendliness, durability, and high corrosion resistance. The raw material is rottenstone, a rock with a high silica content, which is widespread in Ukraine. Rottenstone is characterized by a ratio of SiО2:Al2O3 equal to 16… 20, which provides a high strength of the final material. It was indicated that physico-chemical processes that take place during polymerization are similar to those that take place in thin pellicles of the released SiO2 gel, cements the particles, and thus promotes hardening. As a result of the treatment of raw materials with alkali solution at temperatures of 80-120 °С, a monolithic solid material of olive color with a density of 1200-1700 kg/m3, humidity of 30-45% was formed. Precipitations were observed on the surface of the material due to the presence of non-chemically bound sodium and potassium cations in the pores of the geopolymer. When dried, they diffuse to the surface of the geopolymer and are subjected to atmospheric carbonization. It was indicated that in order to obtain a high-strength geopolymer material, it is necessary to carry out final heat treatment at temperatures close to 100 °С. The behavior of geopolymer samples aged over time at room temperature during their heating was investigated. The samples of the material are melted due to the presence of Na2O×SiО2×8Н2O and Na2O×SiО2×5Н2O crystal hydrates, which melt at relatively low temperatures at 48°С and 72°С, respectively. The formation of building geopolymer materials should take into account this melting by placing it in molds was concluded. Indicators of moisture loss at a temperature of about 100°С depending on the heat treatment time were obtained.

scholarly journals Enhanced aging kinetics in Al-Mg-Si alloys by up-quenching

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Schmid ◽  
Philip Dumitraschkewitz ◽  
Thomas Kremmer ◽  
Peter J. Uggowitzer ◽  
Ramona Tosone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Second Phase Particles ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
High Elongation ◽  
Aging Kinetics ◽  
Complex Parts

AbstractPrecipitation-hardened aluminium alloys typically obtain their strength by forming second-phase particles, which, however, often have a negative effect on formability. To enable both lightweight construction and forming of complex parts such as body panels, high strength and formability are required simultaneously. Cluster hardening is a promising approach to achieve this. Here, we show that short thermal spikes, denoted as up-quenching, increase aging kinetics, which we attribute to the repeated process of vacancies being formed at high temperatures and retained when cooled to lower temperatures. Combined with further heat treatment, the up-quenching process promotes rapid and extensive cluster formation in Al-Mg-Si alloys, which in turn generates significant strengthening at industrially relevant heat treatment time scales. The high elongation values also observed are attributed to reduced solute depleted zones along grain boundaries.

scholarly journals High strength glass-ceramics sintered with coal gangue аs а raw material

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-294
Author(s):  
Dang Wei ◽  
H.-Y. He
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Sintered Glass ◽  
Utilization Ratio

High strength lightweight glass-ceramics were fabricated with coal gangue and clay as main raw materials. The utilization ratio of coal gangue, the ratio of the coal gangue with clay, mineralization agents, forming process and sintering process on the properties of the fabricated glass-ceramics were optimized. The utilization ratio of coal gangue reached 75, and the ratio of coal gangue to clay was 3/1, as an optimal property was observed. The optimal sintering temperature was found to be 1370?C. At this optimal temperature, the sintered glass-ceramics showed the main phase of mullite and spindle and so showed high strength, low density, and low water absorbance. The appropriate amounts of codoping of the TiO2, ZnO, and MnO2/dolomite as mineralization agents obviously enhanced the properties of the glass-ceramics. Process optimizations further determined reasonable and optimal process parameters. The high strength lightweight glass-ceramics fabricated in this work may be very suitable for various applications including building materials, cooking ceramics, and proppant materials, et al.

Effect of Borax on Lightweight Material from Cullet and Fly Ash

2016 ◽  
Vol 690 ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutthima Sriprasertsuk ◽  
Phatthiya Suwannason ◽  
Wanna T. Saengchantara
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Heat Process ◽  
Lightweight Material

This work investigated the recycling of fly ash waste and cullet as the raw materials for lightweight bodies produced by heat treatment and using sodium silicate as the binder. Borax was mixed with fly ash and cullet, and put into the block in dimension 10x10x2 cm3. The lightweight materials thus produced were then sintered at temperature of 800 °C. Density, compressive strength and thermal conductivity were determined. Borax showed a positive sintering effect on the porosity of lightweight material during the heat process. The compressive strength of lightweight material diminished with the reduction of density and thermal conductivity. Lightweight material manufactured with borax showed the lower density and thermal conductivity accompanied by the higher compressive strength. The test results indicated that using fly ash and cullet as the raw material with borax could obtain the lightweight material, thus enhancing the possibility of its reuse in a sustainable way.

A Review on Processing and Properties of Bottom Ash Based Geopolymer Materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Laila Mardiah Deraman ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Liew Yun Ming ◽  
Kamarudin Hussin ◽  
Zarina Yahya
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Silicate Solution ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Silica Alumina ◽  
Curing Method ◽  
Geopolymer Material

Geopolymerization are chemical reaction between raw material and alkaline activator where a rapid change of some partial armorphous, specific structure into a compact cemented framework. It was treated with an alkali silicate solution at 45 – 80 °C whereas it’s formed from reaction of mineral clays or aluminosilicate-bearing industrial waste. The previous study about geopolymer has been done for many years due to the physical and chemical properties which is suitable to use in the construction industry. A Geopolymer material that was containing most Silica (Si) and Aluminium (Al) is such as fly ash, bottom ash, metakaolin and ground granulate blast slag (GGBS). Bottom ash is produced from coal fired thermal power plant and has a physical characteristic similar as sand or gravel sand that makes it ideal for industrial application like a green concrete. The different performance of geopolymer is according to the different content of silica, alumina and calcium. To obtain the best geopolymer material, parameter of raw materials content, the types and ratio of alkaline activators also the curing method will affect the high result of compressive strength. This paper will summarize a previous researchers work about the alkali-activated binder in geopolymer raw materials to become green product.

scholarly journals Efficient use of microwave EMF and multilevel high temperature sterilization modes in apple puree technology for dietetic nutrition

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
M.M. Rakhmanova ◽  
A.F. Demirova ◽  
M.E. Akhmedov ◽  
Z.A. Abdulkhalikov ◽  
T.N. Daudova
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Saturated Steam ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Apple Puree ◽  
Apple Purée

The article is dedicated to improving the quality of apple puree with xylitol for dietetic nutrition due to the development and implementation of a new technological process. This is microwave boiling of apples, rather than traditional steaming using saturated steam before chopping, with the development of a device for its implementation and multilevel high-temperature sterilization modes with prebake of apple puree in glass jars in microwave EMF. The analysis of research and technical data proved that pre-heat treatment of apples with saturated steam and traditional sterilization modes have a considerable duration, which impairs the finished products quality and has an adverse effect on the nutrient composition of the raw material during processing. Substituting the traditional method of pre-heat treatment of apples for their short-time processing in microwave EMF reduces the process by more than twice, which, in turn, contributes to an increased preservation of the nutrient composition of apples, while enhancing the yield of apple puree. For the implementation of microwave processing method of raw materials, a new design of the device for electromagnetic treatment of plant roughage has been developed, providing a uniform and more intensive heat treatment of raw materials in a continuous flow. Rapid multilevel high-temperature sterilization modes with the application of apple puree in glass jars in microwave EMF, liquid high-temperature heat devices and an autoclave basket, providing the opportunity for thermal sterilization of the product without creating reverse pressure in the machine, generally contribute to reducing heat costs and increasing the nutritional value.

scholarly journals NON-PLASTIC RAW MATERIALS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CONSTRUCTION CERAMICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
V. Men'shikova ◽  
L. Demina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Magnesium Carbonate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Building Ceramic ◽  
Alkaline Earth Metal Oxides ◽  
The Cost

research by some scientists shows that the most expensive element in the manufacture of construction ceramics are clay materials, in particular kaolins. They allow getting products with high strength, but at the same time increase significantly the mass refractoriness. In this connection, a significant amount of melt is added or the firing temperature is increased. Of course, this leads to an increase in the cost of products. In Russia, the reserves of these raw materials are insufficient and it is advisable to look for new non-traditional types of raw materials. There is a need to adjust the component composition of ceramic masses and use non-plastic raw materials. An example is natural wollastonites or their analogues in the form of diopside, which are a little-used type of mineral raw material. In the Siberian region, there are several deposits of non-plastic varieties of raw materials for the production of fired construction products. The most famous are the deposits of the Slyudyansky and Sayan districts. The authors present the results of analysis of diopside rocks, where the chemical, mineral compositions and behavior of samples under heating are studied. The absence of alkali and alkaline earth metal oxides in diopsides was determined. The content of iron oxide in the amount of 0.1% indicates the purity of the raw material. More than half of the composition is occupied by silica, which is 53% and 58% in the rocks of the Burutuysky and Sayan deposits, respectively. The basis of the mineral composition of the samples is diopside, with the presence of quartz, calcite, mica and magnesium carbonate. This range of minerals is traditional in many charges of ceramic materials. Therefore, the possibility of using diopside rocks in the production of building ceramic materials is quite high.

scholarly journals Development of Advanced High Strength Automotive Steels

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Miklós Tisza
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Advanced High Strength Steels ◽  
Harmful Emissions

Abstract In recent decades, the automotive industry has faced ever-increasing demands. Increasing requirements can be observed in terms of both consumer expectations and legal requirements. On the consumer side, there is a demand for cars that are as economical as possible with lower fuel consumption, but providing also greater comfort and safety. These requirements are accompanied, from a legal point of view by more rigorous environmental regulations and requirements concerning the reduction of harmful emissions. Meeting these often-contradictory requirements is a growing challenge for car manufacturers and raw material suppliers, as well. Meeting the requirements in the most versatile way has resulted in tremendous progress over the last 40–50 years, both in the automotive industry and in the production and development of raw materials. The first part of this series of papers summarizes the main requirements in the automotive industry, as the main driving forces for material developments. Furthermore, the main types and properties of traditional high-strength steels, as well as the so-called first-generation Advanced High-Strength Steels will be introduced. In the second part, the main types and manufacturing processes of second generation advanced high-strength steels will be analyzed and some of the current steel developments will be presented through the results of the three generations of Advanced High-Strength Steels.

Methodological Approaches in Assessing the Possibility of Using Waste Electrocorundum Materials in Concrete Compositions

2018 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 1030-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.D. Tukhareli ◽  
O.Y. Pushkarskaya ◽  
A.V. Tukhareli
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Refractory Concrete ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Grain Composition ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Ceramic Bond ◽  
Aluminophosphate Binder

Heat-resistant concretes have been successfully used in many heat units and building structures. Making concrete heat-resistant is possible through the development of a heat-resistant phosphate matrix, aluminophosphate binder. The compositions of high-refractory concretes on aluminophosphate binder with electrocorundum and chrome-aluminous slag have relatively high strength up to 70 MPa after heat treatment. Wastes generated as a result of technological activities of enterprises have several technical and economic advantages as industrial raw materials. After passing the production possibility frontier, the material not only has not lost its properties, but became more prepared with the position of the grain composition and growth of specific surface area, heat treatment for use in the technology of concrete and refractory concrete, in particular, as heat-resistant fillers. The methodological approach in the study of defective ceramic-bond abrasive wheels has been proposed herein. The chemical, grain and mineralogical analyses of the material after mechanical grinding allowed us to define it as an aggregate for concrete in order to give it heat-resistant properties. The obtained concrete composition has a tensile strength 2.5 times higher than conventional cement composition of concrete and thermal resistance (water, 800°C) of the composition with heat-resistant filler has increased in 5 times.

HIGH-TEMPERATURE MICRONIZATION OF FLAX SEEDS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.В. ЗВЕРЕВ ◽  
В.А. ЗУБЦОВ
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Ir Radiation ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Flax Seeds

Проведены исследования процесса термообработки семян льна для снижения их влажности. Эксперименты проводили на лабораторной установке путем нагрева сырья в потоке инфракрасного (ИК) излучения – микронизации. Получена зависимость текущего влагосодержания от температуры зерна и исходной влажности. Установлена ее инвариантность к режимам нагрева. Предложена математическая модель изменения влагосодержания от температуры семян и исходной влажности. Для разработки модели влагопотери использованы зависимости, описывающие изменение температуры и влажности от времени в процессе нагрева, полученные А.В. Лыковым и его учениками. Обоснованы рациональные технологические режимы получения стабилизированных семян льна с минимальной активностью окислительных ферментов, улучшенными органолептическими свойствами и повышенным объемом. Разработанный способ включает очистку семян льна от примесей, пропаривание водяным паром, термическую обработку методом ИК-облучения и охлаждение до комнатной температуры. Researches of process of heat treatment of seeds of flax for decrease in their humidity are carried out. Experiments were carried out at the laboratory facility by heating the raw material in the flow of infrared (IR) radiation – micronization. The experimental dependences of seed temperature and humidity on the heating time under different modes of infrared heat treatment are obtained. The dependence of the current moisture content on the grain temperature and initial humidity is obtained and its invariance to the heating regimes is established. The proposed mathematical model the change of moisture content from the temperature of the seeds and initial moisture content. To develop the model of moisture loss used dependences describing the change in temperature and humidity from time to time in the heating process, obtained A.V. Lykov and his students. Rational technological regimes of obtaining stabilized flax seeds with minimal activity of oxidative enzymes improved organoleptic properties and increased volume are explain. The developed method consists of cleaning flax seed from impurities, steaming by water vapor, heat treatment by IR irradiation, and cooling to room temperature.

Lampang Raw Material Characterization to Assess the Suitability for Ceramics Industry

2016 ◽  
Vol 690 ◽  
pp. 187-193
Author(s):  
Parinya Somrang ◽  
Anucha Wannagon ◽  
Watcharee Sornlar ◽  
Pattarawan Choeycharoen ◽  
Sitthisak Prasanphan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Material Characterization ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
On Line ◽  
Ball Clay ◽  
Ceramics Industry ◽  
Body Compositions ◽  
Kaolin Deposit

Lampang, a province in northern Thailand, is the important source of ceramics raw materials, such as kaolin, pottery stone, and ball clay. This study aims to investigate the new ceramics bodies by using these local raw materials. About 50 samples from 15 sources were collected to analyze the chemical composition, mineral composition, and physical properties. Kaolin samples principally consisted of quartz and kaolinite. Its greyish color after firing at 1200 °C made it suitable for stoneware product that does not require white body. The principal ball clay mineral is kaolinite, associated with illite and quartz. All ball clay samples are high strength, which are suitable for tableware production. Pottery stone which can be found at Kaolin deposit, showed a mixed mineralogy of quartz, albite, and muscovite, while some samples showed the presence of kaolinite. It showed significantly low on shrinkage. Pottery stone are widely used as flux in both ceramics body and glaze. These analyzed characteristics were put into the ceramics raw materials database which can be searched on-line. This data is useful for the researching of ceramics body compositions with mainly contained raw materials from Lampang.

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