REASONS AND MOTIVES FOR THE USE OF PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Toni Manasieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Delinquent Behavior ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Raising Awareness

The article discusses the reasons and motives for the use of psychoactive substances, as well as the correlation of their premises – as included in the two spectra: objective and subjective. Basis for analysis of theoretical research and empirical research within the project „Social and pedagogical aspects of the problem of use of psychoactive substances“, under the fund „Scientific Research“ at Sofia University „St. Kliment Ohridski“ for 2021. The issues are related to the curriculum of academic disciplines for the training of specialists in the prevention of deviant and delinquent behavior. Considering the causes and motives in their depth and relevance, including related to the recent pandemic conditions, allows to enrich this content – by raising awareness of the problem, the challenges of socio-pedagogical work and guidelines for prevention and mitigation of the consequences of use and abuse of surfactants.

scholarly journals Scientific method as the foundation of scientific research

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Anita Kovačić-Popović
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Data Collection Method ◽  
General Scientific

The methodology deals with the methods of acquiring scientific knowledge, i.e. all aspects of scientific research as a method of gaining scientific knowledge about phenomena and processes. Scientific method enables gaining scientific knowledge by applying a series of principles, rules and procedures. Every research includes several general scientific methods. Hypothetical-deductive scientific method of acquiring knowledge and modeling method characterize empirical research, while comparative and analytical-deductive methods are applied in theoretical research. It is impossible to carry out research without a data collection method. Therefore, it is necessary to precisely define the methods, techniques and instruments that will be applied in research to gain new scientific knowledge.

scholarly journals PREVENTION OF MOBBING / BULLYING AS A PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESSOR

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Jolita Vveinhardt ◽  
Regina Andriukaitienė
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Organizational Management ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Bullying Prevention ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Psychosocial Stressor ◽  
Prevention Policies

Relevance of the research.The problem of workplace mobbing incorporating bullying as an intensepsychosocial stressor has been examined in foreign countries for three decades, at the same time searching foranswers on how to reduce the harm of the phenomenon to organizations and their members. Single studies of thisphenomenon in Lithuania started only about a decade ago and remain sparse, thus, both organizations and thegeneral public lack knowledge about the measures of prevention of the phenomenon. Research shows that mobbingand bullying remain a topical problem in the management of organizations, which is influenced by individualmembers of organizations, factors of organizational management and the social and cultural processes in thesocieties that can lead to different consequences in each country. Therefore, in this case it is important to evaluatethe level of exploration of the phenomenon, that is, what data can be available when choosing preventiveinstruments. The significance of research carried out internationally andthe recommendations provided isundeniable, but when analysing the scenarios of prevention of mobbing and bullying it is necessary to evaluate theprevention measures proposed on the basis of research on the negative relationships between employees in aparticular country.Theresearch problemis posed by the question of what are the factors of mobbing/bullying as apsychosocial stressor, and how to reduce the effect of these stressors to employees by preventive measures.Research subject:prevention of mobbing / bullying as a psychosocial stressor.Research purposewas todefine preventive measures of mobbing/bullying as a psychosocial stressor.The followingobjectiveswere formulated to achieve the purpose:1.To discuss prevention measures of mobbing/bullying as a psychosocial stressor.2.To evaluate the state of exploration of mobbing/bullying prevention in the studies carried out inLithuania.3.To distinguish the external factors that help to ensure the prevention of mobbing and bullying inorganizations.Research methods.The article is prepared applying the methods of systemic analysis of academicliterature, logical analysis and synthesis of theoretical research carried out. Organizational factors of risk ofmobbing/bullying are distinguished on the basisof the studies carried out abroad in the last two decades.Outcomes and conclusions.Most scientific research on prevention of mobbing and bullying is focussedon restoration of functionality of organizational management. That is, the emphasis is on the models oforganizational management that proved to be correct and ensure a clear and accurate distribution of tasks, wisdomof leadership, formation of a healthy climate of the organization, development of the system of prevention ofbullying in general, training of managers and employees. Studies show that in order to reduce the damage ofbullying and mobbing in organizations, both internal and external resources are not fully used. However, it mustbe recognised that the societal norms, values, aspects ofmoral and law are directly reflected in organizations.Though it is fair, but it is not fully rational to require from organizations something which has not become thenorm in the society, the members of which form organizations. The studies of mobbing/bullying in Lithuanianorganizations are carried out for a relatively short time and are not abundant. Most empirical research focuses onthe analysis of the situation (occurrence of mobbing in the organization, effect on health) in individual areas ofprofessional activities and provides recommendations only in a few narrow aspects of the management oforganizations in formulating prevention policies. It is therefore difficult not only to evaluate the extent of thephenomenon, but also the capacity of organizations to solve the problem, the more so as the country lackscomprehensive and complex research on mobbing/bullying prevention policies in organizations. After evaluationof the results of studies carried out by various authors and the insights, four keyexternal factors that have asignificant influence on prevention of mobbing and bullying in the organization can be distinguished:epidemiology of bullying in the society; capacity of the education system to deal with the problem of bullying andmobbing inorganizations and develop effective training programs; legal regulation of bullying and mobbing;development of the policy of publicity and openness, encouraging to accept the existing problems and stimulatingdiscussions of various groups in the society.In this respect, active work of academic community in developing thetraining programmes and presenting data of scientific research to the general public would be significant. In furtherresearch it would make sense to expand the empirical research, analysing the practically applied means ofprevention of mobbing/bullying in organizations and their effectiveness.Keywords:mobbing, bullying, psychosocial stressor, prevention.

scholarly journals Methods of Working With Local Digital Resources on History

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Inga Maslova ◽  
Irina Krapotkina ◽  
Gulnara Burdina
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Digital Resources ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Historical Archives ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Foreign Universities

This study aimed to identify the best techniques and approaches to working with digital resources on history suitable for both scientific research and teaching. The methodological basis of this study was the author’s methodology for measuring the level of students’ involvement in working with digital resources on history. The conducted empirical research revealed this level to be average since as much as 98% of respondents turned to the resources of e-libraries for educational purposes, and 46% of interviewed used online-based historical archives for academic activity. The study showed that the main way of conducting historical research in the context of digitalization is to work with images and scanned copies of scientific papers. The obtained materials and conclusions can be included in the curricula of academic disciplines for students of historical specialties at the undergraduate and graduate levels of Russian and foreign universities.

Intervento: Psicoterapia e ricerca "scientifica"

2009 ◽  
pp. 77-94
Author(s):  
Paolo Migone
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Chaos Theory ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Psychotherapy Research ◽  
Clinical Material ◽  
History Of Psychotherapy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

- Some problems of the relationship between psychotherapy and scientific research are examined. The following aspects are discussed: the theory of demarcation between science and non-science, the problem of replicability, "hard" and "soft" sciences, complexity and chaos theory, the levels of probability and indeterminacy, the inductive-deductive circle, abduction, etc. Clinical material is presented in order to exemplify the issues under discussion. Some of the problems met by empirical research in psychotherapy (for example the manualization of psychotherapy techniques) are described, and the phases of the history of psychotherapy research movement are summarized. (This intervention is a discussion of the paper by the physicist Ferdinando Bersani "Replicability in science: Myth or reality?". Psicoterapia e Scienze Umane, 2009, XLIII, 1: 59-76). [KEY WORDS: science, psychotherapy research, epistemology, replicability, psychoanalytic research]

scholarly journals The Expression of Social and Emotional Competencies of Leadership in Lithuanian Organizations: The Gender Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 51-68
Author(s):  
Violeta Šilingienė ◽  
Dalia Stukaitė
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Leadership Competencies ◽  
Female Leadership ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Emotional Competencies ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Social ◽  
Emotional Leadership ◽  
Social And Emotional Competencies

The phenomenon of gender leadership is a controversial object in contemporary leadership studies. These days, the possibilities of traditional leadership have been limited by the ongoing dynamic, global changes, which have influenced the emergence of female leadership as an independent phenomenon and its separation from the male leadership. Presently, possibilities exist to form new insights about gender leadership. Scholars have begun an intense scientific discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of male and female leadership. The goal of this paper is to disclose the social and emotional leadership competencies of different gender employees. The employed research methods are as follows: an analysis and synthesis of scientific literature with the aim of revealing the peculiarities of gender leadership and defining leadership as a set of social and emotional competencies; quantitative research conducted using a questionnaire-based survey with the aim of empirically determining the manifestation of social and emotional leadership competencies in terms of gender leadership. The theoretical analysis allows us to identify the fundamental trends of gender leadership research. The empirical basis of this article comprises the results of empirical research carried out in 2018. The paper includes an abstract of the theoretical research of gender leadership and the social and emotional leadership competencies based on the research methodology and the results received. According to the results of the empirical research, it is possible to find matching assessments of social and emotional leadership competencies in men and women; certain significant differences exist as well. These results revealed which of the advantages possessed by female leaders tend to lie in their soft management skills: interaction, trust, as well as relationships and skills in working with people.

scholarly journals Managerial Strategies for Long-Term Care Organization Professionals: COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9682
Author(s):  
Ana Dias ◽  
Annibal Scavarda ◽  
Augusto Reis ◽  
Haydee Silveira ◽  
Nelson Ebecken
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Care Organization ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Janeiro City

This paper aims to analyze the strategies that healthcare professionals have adopted during the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in long-term care organizations in Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil, by investigating their competencies—mainly managerial ones. To reach its goals, this paper performs empirical research and theoretical research. For the empirical research, the plans of professionals during COVID-19 pandemic in long-term care organizations are observed, and a questionnaire is applied to analyze observed data integrity. The data are analyzed through the Python and IBM SPSS Statistic programming languages, and descriptive analyses use descriptive statistic proportions, rates, minimum, maximum, mean, median, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation (CV). A non-parametric approach performs repeated measure comparisons using Wilcoxon’s test, while the McNemmar test is used to repeat the categorical variables. Statistical significance is assumed at the 5% level. For the theoretical research, a literature review is developed using scientific databases. The results show that for the searched period, the number of deaths and the number of people infected by COVID-19 in these organizations are low when compared to general statistics of Rio de Janeiro city. This paper concludes that these strategical adoptions have brought significant benefits to long-term care organizations, and it might motivate researchers to develop future studies related to long-term care organizations, helping to fill the literature gap on the subject.

It’s Time for Empirical Research in Business Ethics

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larue Tone Hosmer
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Belief Structure ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Way

Abstract:We have a very decent belief structure or general paradigm underlying Business Ethics as a formal field of study. It has an explicit moral base. It can be stated in simple and direct terms. It has been developed over a number of recent years by a group of respected scholars from a variety of academic disciplines. It is, however, subject to multiple interpretations and open to extensive conflicts. We can easily tolerate if not benefit from the differing interpretations. We must—at some point—moderate if not resolve the debilitating conflicts. The argument I wish to make in this paper is that we have reached that point. It is time to resolve the conflicts, and the way to do so is to generate awkward, undeniable facts through basic empirical research. Those facts will then have to be incorporated into acceptable—and eventually accepted—theory.

scholarly journals Investigating the Performance of Japan’s Competitive Grant Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research System

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunori Yamashita ◽  
Hoang Gyan Giang ◽  
Tatsuo Oyama
Keyword(s):  
Research Funding ◽  
Quantitative Characteristic ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Research System ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Funding Allocation ◽  
Funding System ◽  
Japanese Science

We aim at investigating characteristics of Japan’s largest competitive grant Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (GASR) system in order to find a desirable research funding system, obtaining more applicants from various academic disciplines, researchers’ gender, and ages. Firstly, we briefly describe the Japanese competitive research funding system including the GASR system. Then we investigate the GASR system quantitatively, focusing on its funding, allocation and relationship with the Japanese Science and Technology Basic Plans. Quantitative characteristic analyses are conducted for the GASR system from various perspectives such as type of research projects, academic disciplines, researchers’ gender, and ages by investigating the data for applications, acceptances, and budgets allocated in the recent 10 years. Finally, we summarize our findings and conclude the paper by proposing policy recommendations to improve Japan’s competitive research funding system.

Japanese Railways: research and development

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-344
Author(s):  
V. V. Cosmin
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Safety Technology ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Experimental Base ◽  
Leading Position

The main directions of scientific and applied work carried out for the railways of Japan, the tasks facing the country’s railway transport, as well as the main guidelines of the new five-year plan for scientific research of the Scientific Research Railway Institute of Japan developed in Japan are investigated. Much attention is paid to digitalization as a key problem in the development of the country’s railways in the near and long term. The objects of digitalization on the railways of Japan are presented. The main scientific research for the Japanese railways is carried out by the Research Institute of Railway Transport (RTRI), whose researchers are united in 17 departments and, in addition to deep theoretical research, have a powerful and developed experimental base consisting of four test centers. RTRI’s objectives are to intensify research and development work to improve rail safety, technology and operations, taking into account customer needs and social change; developing professional knowledge in all aspects of railways to meet the challenges faced by railways, using advanced scientific knowledge; mastering advanced technologies in relation to the needs of Japanese railways and reaching a leading position in the world. The primary principles of RTRI research activities for the coming period are considered.

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