scholarly journals Astrapotheres from Cañadón Vaca, middle Eocene of central Patagonia. New insights on diversity, anatomy and early evolution of Astrapotheria

10.26879/986 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro G. Kramarz ◽  
Mariano Bond ◽  
Alfredo A. Carlini
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Early Evolution

scholarly journals New Middle Eocene proboscidean from Togo illuminates the early evolution of the elephantiform-like dental pattern

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1960) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Hautier ◽  
Rodolphe Tabuce ◽  
Mickaël J. Mourlam ◽  
Koffi Evenyon Kassegne ◽  
Yawovi Zikpi Amoudji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Early Evolution ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Tooth Crown ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lower Molar ◽  
Phosphate Deposits

Africa has played a pivotal role in the evolution of early proboscideans (elephants and their extinct relatives), yet vast temporal and geographical zones remain uncharted on the continent. A long hiatus encompassing most of the Eocene (Ypresian to the Early Priabonian, around 13 Myr timespan) considerably hampers our understanding of the early evolutionary history of the group. It is notably the case with the origin of its most successful members, the Elephantiformes, i.e. all elephant-like proboscideans most closely related to modern elephants. Here, we describe a proboscidean lower molar discovered in Lutetian phosphate deposits from Togo, and name a new genus and species, Dagbatitherium tassyi . We show that Dagbatitherium displays several elephantiform dental characteristics such as a three-layered Schmelzmuster, the presence of a mesoconid, transversely enlarged buccal cusps and the individualization of a third lophid closely appressed to a minute distal cingulid. Dagbatitherium represents a stem Elephantiformes, pushing back the origin of the group by about 10 Myr, i.e. a third of its currently known evolutionary history. More importantly, Dagbatitherium potentially unlocks the puzzle of the origin of the unique elephantiform tooth crown organization by bridging a critical temporal and morphological gap between early bunodont incipiently bilophodont proboscidean taxa and more derived elephantiforms.

scholarly journals 3D models related to the publication: New middle Eocene proboscidean from Togo illuminates the early evolution of the elephantiform-like dental pattern.

MorphoMuseuM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. e145
Author(s):  
Lionel Hautier ◽  
Rodolphe Tabuce ◽  
Koffi Evenyon Kassegne ◽  
Yawovi Zikpi Amoudji ◽  
Mickaël Mourlam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Early Evolution ◽  
Dental Pattern

The Grobogan Mud Volcano Complex: An Identification to Reveal the Opportunity of Hydrocarbon Exploration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jatu
Keyword(s):  
Water Analysis ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
System Model ◽  
Mud Volcano ◽  
Hydrocarbon Potential ◽  
Mud Volcanoes ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Surface Data

Mud volcanoes in Grobogan are referred as the Grobogan Mud Volcanoes Complex in Central Java where there is evidence of oil seepages. This comprehensive research is to determine the characteristics and hydrocarbon potential of the mud volcanoes in the Central Java region as a new opportunity for hydrocarbon exploration. The Grobogan Mud Volcano Complex consists of eight mud volcanoes that have its characteristics based on the study used the geological surface data and seismic literature as supporting data on eight mud volcanoes. The determination of geological surface characteristics is based on geomorphological analysis, laboratory analysis such as petrography, natural gas geochemistry, water analysis, mud geochemical analysis and biostratigraphy. Surface data and subsurface data are correlated, interpreted, and validated to make mud volcano system model. The purpose of making the mud volcanoes system model is to identify the hydrocarbon potential in Grobogan. This research proved that each of the Grobogan Mud Volcanoes has different morphological forms. Grobogan Mud Volcanoes materials are including muds, rock fragments, gas, and water content with different elemental values. Based on this research result, there are four mud volcano systems models in Central Java, they are Bledug Kuwu, Maesan, Cungkrik, and Crewek type. The source of the mud is from Ngimbang and Tawun Formation (Middle Eocene to Early Miocene) from biostratigraphy data and it been correlated with seismic data. Grobogan Mud Volcanoes have potential hydrocarbons with type III kerogen of organic matter (gas) and immature to early mature level based on TOC vs HI cross plot. The main product are thermogenic gas and some oil in relatively small quantities. Water analysis shows that it has mature sodium chloride water. This analysis also shows the location was formed within formations that are deposited in a marine environment with high salinity. Research of mud volcanos is rarely done in general. However, this comprehensive research shows the mud volcano has promising hydrocarbon potential and is a new perspective on hydrocarbon exploration.

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