scholarly journals Diversity and renewal of tropical elasmobranchs around the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO) in North Africa: New data from the lagoonal deposits of Djebel el Kébar, Central Tunisia

10.26879/1085 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Adnet ◽  
Laurent Marivaux ◽  
Henri Cappetta ◽  
Anne-Lise Charruault ◽  
El Mabrouk Essid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Central Tunisia ◽  
Climatic Optimum

The Olive Grove of Rome

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-135
Author(s):  
Jessica Biddlestone
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Olive Grove ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Central Tunisia

In 1892, the French resident general in Tunisia launched the first state-sponsored colonization effort in the Tunisian protectorate. Based on Paul Bourde’s study of ancient Roman agriculture, the colonization plan explicitly sought to remake Roman prosperity in central Tunisia by fostering the cultivation of olives. Examining Bourde’s study of the ancient past and his work as director of agriculture in Tunisia, this article explores the connections between the study of the Roman Empire and the development of colonialism in North Africa. In tracing this history, this article highlights how the study and use of Roman ruins in French Tunisia inspired an appreciation for the role that technology and material development played in supporting the spread of Roman civilization and culture.

‘Bleaching’ of Photosymbionts in Planktic Foraminifera During the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 141-141
Author(s):  
Kirsty M. Edgar ◽  
Stephen M. Bohaty ◽  
Samantha J. Gibbs ◽  
Philip F. Sexton ◽  
Richard D. Norris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Planktic Foraminifera ◽  
Climatic Optimum

scholarly journals Harmful algae and export production collapse in the equatorial Atlantic during the zenith of Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum warmth

Geology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot J. Cramwinckel ◽  
Robin van der Ploeg ◽  
Peter K. Bijl ◽  
Francien Peterse ◽  
Steven M. Bohaty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Harmful Algae ◽  
Equatorial Atlantic ◽  
Export Production ◽  
Climatic Optimum

Rise and fall of rotaliids in the Paleocene-Eocene: the influence of climate and trophic competition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Benedetti ◽  
Cesare Andrea Papazzoni ◽  
Francesca Romana Bosellini
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Trophic Conditions ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Abrupt Decrease ◽  
Faunal Turnover ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Early Eocene Climatic Optimum ◽  
Climatic Optimum ◽  
Larger Foraminifers

<p>It is largely accepted that climate plays a pivotal role in the diversification of shallow-water communities, with special regards to larger foraminifera (LF), also because increase of surface water temperatures is often accompanied by change in trophic conditions. The shift from widespread eutrophic to oligotrophic conditions in shallow seas probably contributed to the LF differentiation during Paleocene-Eocene times. However, there are few recent attempts to quantify the changes in biodiversity and to correlate them with the global climatic events of the Paleogene. We concentrated our attention on the group of rotaliids, resilient taxa that partially survived after the mass extinction occurred at the end of the Cretaceous.</p><p>Our data show that their differentiation at genus level was very rapid, reaching its maximum already in the late Danian SB2 Zone. Specific diversification, instead, culminated in late Thanetian SB4 Zone. A second peak in specific diversity is recorded during the Cuisian (upper part of the Ypresian), then rotaliid diversity steadily declined, as long as other groups of larger foraminifers, especially <em>Alveolina </em>and <em>Nummulites</em>, became more competitive and proliferated with a large number of species up to the Bartonian SB17 Zone, when a significant drop in rotaliid biodiversity is recorded.</p><p>Differently to other taxonomic groups, i.e., alveolinids and nummulitids, for which a single genus during the whole Eocene generated numerous species, rotaliid genera are usually characterized by a low number of species, possibly due to the re-opening of ecological niches after the abrupt decrease of diversity that followed the PETM event. The competition with other K-strategist LF probably contributed to the decline of rotaliids in the middle Eocene up to the MECO event, where a last dramatic drop is recorded.</p><p>The major changes appear strictly linked to warming events such as the Late Danian Event (LDE, starting of the generic diversification of rotaliids), Paleocene Eocene Termal Maximum (PETM, faunal turnover followed by abrupt decrease in both generic and specific diversity), Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO, increase in number of K-strategists under widespread oligotrophic conditions) and Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO, ultimate drop in diversity and competition with other larger foraminifers).</p><p>This study was funded by the Italian Ministry of Education and Research (MIUR), funds PRIN 2017: project “Biota resilience to global change: biomineralization of planktic and benthic calcifiers in the past, present and future” (prot. 2017RX9XXY).</p>

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