scholarly journals Polymorphisms of IL-17A and IL-17F in Periodontal Disease: A Case-Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Maha Abdelkawy ◽  
Nayroz Abdelfattah ◽  
Olfat Shaker
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Taqman Assay ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Interleukin 17A ◽  
Receptor Activator ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Control Study

Background: Increased interleukin-17 (IL-17) leads to the production of proinflammatory mediators and increases local inflammation. Interleukin-17 may also promote receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) expression on gingival fibroblasts, T cells, and B cells, resulting in alveolar bone resorption. Interleukin-17A and IL-17F levels in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), were found to be elevated in periodontitis patients. Thus, IL-17A and IL-17F polymorphisms were hypothesized to be associated with a risk of periodontitis. Methods: The present study was conducted on 60 subjects, including 20 stage II grade B periodontitis patients, 20 stage III grade C periodontitis patients, and 20 healthy controls. Blood samples were drawn from the subjects and analyzed for IL-17A G-197A and IL-17F 7488T/C genetic polymorphisms using the TaqMan assay. Results: There was a significant statistical difference between the distribution of the different genotypes and the different alleles in the three groups for IL-17A G-197A with the A allele presence indicating a risk of periodontitis. Conclusions: Interleukin-17A G-197A polymorphism is significantly associated with different clinical forms of periodontitis in the Egyptian population. The A allele could be considered a risk factor for periodontal diseases.

scholarly journals Quantification of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P) in Patients with Periodontitis Stage II Grade B

2021 ◽  
pp. 413-421
Author(s):  
María I. García-Parra ◽  
Matilde Jiménez-Coello ◽  
Bertha A. Carrillo-Ávila ◽  
Eduardo A. Sauri Esquivel ◽  
Víctor M. Martínez-Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Control Study

The aim of this study was the quantification of Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in periodontal pockets of patients with periodontitis. This is an observational, descriptive, case-control study. Thirty subjects were selected: 15 controls and 15 cases. A periodontal study was conducted following the parameters of AAP 2017 for the diagnosis of periodontal diseases. A sample of saliva and gingival crevicular fluid was obtained from each subject and then analyzed with the Human S1P Elisa kit (MyBioSource #MBS2516132) accordingly to the manufacturer's instructions, in order to verify the presence of S1P and quantify it´s concentration when founded. Results showed a significant difference (p=0.05) between cases and controls. In the case of saliva samples, the concentration of S1P was higher than the ones found in the control group (72.94 ng/mL and 45.12 ng/mL). For GCF, a higher amount of S1P was found in patients with POD (20.09 ng/mL and 15.20 ng/mL). This work raises a possible route of bone metabolism, inflammatory process, and identification of periodontitis through oral quantification of S1P, however, future studies are needed.

Gingivitis in Mice and the Role of Angiogenesis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Saghiri ◽  
Mona Momeni Moghadam ◽  
Amir Fakharzadeh ◽  
Steven M Morgano ◽  
Armen Asatourian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Saliva Secretion ◽  
Angiogenic Proteins ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Abstract Background Gingivitis is the first step in an abnormal oral condition, which degrades connective tissue and eventually converts to periodontal diseases leading to alveolar bone and tooth loss. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) and Bcl-2 are key regulators of angiogenesis. The transition from gingivitis into periodontitis has four stages and disease progression depends very heavily on changes to the surrounding vasculature structures. We hypothesized that vascular dysfunction plays an important role in the progression of gingivitis. Here we have measured Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) levels in TSP1 and Bcl-2-deficient mice, in which vascular structures are affected, while also looking at the roles that age and gender play in this process. Methods Thirty mice (15 males and 15 females) were divided into three groups of ten (n=10): group A (WT), group B (TSP1 -/-), and group C (Bcl-2 -/-) were subjected to collection of Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF). Saliva was collected from different groups of mice after subcutaneous injection of pilocarpine. For the WT group, GCF was monitored for 3, 4, 5 and 6 weeks and the contribution of age was also considered. RESULTS: Samples from Bcl-2 -/- mice showed significantly lower levels of GCF and salivary secretions, while TSP1-/- mice were larger and secreted more saliva. Moreover, the TSP1-/- mice GCF level was significantly higher than that of both the WT and Bcl-2 -/- mice. CONCLUSIONS: The absence of Bcl-2 and TSP1 significantly affects the amount of GCF flow in mice. This current study confirms the important role that alteration of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors can play in the progression of gingivitis and in the amount of salivary secretions. Thus, this type of modulation of angiogenic proteins provides a great opportunity and a novel platform for developing enhanced oral care products of the future. TSP1 showed significantly more saliva secretion, and a larger volume of periodontal pocket. This means that higher level saliva secretion can affect periodontal pocket volume and eventually oral hygiene.

scholarly journals Current Status of Proteomic Technologies for Discovering and Identifying Gingival Crevicular Fluid Biomarkers for Periodontal Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachio Tsuchida ◽  
Mamoru Satoh ◽  
Masaki Takiwaki ◽  
Fumio Nomura
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Periodontal disease is caused by bacteria in dental biofilms. To eliminate the bacteria, immune system cells release substances that inflame and damage the gums, periodontal ligament, or alveolar bone, leading to swollen bleeding gums, which is a sign of gingivitis. Damage from periodontal disease can cause teeth to loosen also. Studies have demonstrated the proteomic approach to be a promising tool for the discovery and identification of biochemical markers of periodontal diseases. Recently, many studies have applied expression proteomics to identify proteins whose expression levels are altered by disease. As a fluid lying in close proximity to the periodontal tissue, the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is the principal target in the search for periodontal disease biomarkers because its protein composition may reflect the disease pathophysiology. Biochemical marker analysis of GCF is effective for objective diagnosis in the early and advanced stages of periodontal disease. Periodontal diseases are also promising targets for proteomics, and several groups, including ours, have applied proteomics in the search for GCF biomarkers of periodontal diseases. This search is of continuing interest in the field of experimental and clinical periodontal disease research. In this article, we summarize the current situation of proteomic technologies to discover and identify GCF biomarkers for periodontal diseases.

scholarly journals Are Proteinase 3 and Cathepsin C Enzymes Related to Pathogenesis of Periodontitis?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oya Türkoğlu ◽  
Elif Azarsız ◽  
Gülnur Emingil ◽  
Necil Kütükçüler ◽  
Gül Atilla
Keyword(s):  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Aggressive Periodontitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Proteinase 3 ◽  
Cathepsin C ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Aim. Cathepsin C is the activator of the polymorphonuclear leukocyte-derived proteinase 3, which contributes to inflammatory processes. The aim of the present study was to investigate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) proteinase 3 and cathepsin C levels in periodontal diseases.Design. Eighteen patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), 20 patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP), 20 patients with gingivitis, and 18 healthy subjects were included in the study. Periodontal parameters including probing depth, clinical attachment level, papilla bleeding index, and plaque index were assessed in all study subjects. GCF proteinase 3 and cathepsin C levels were analyzed by ELISA.Results. GCF proteinase 3 total amount was significantly higher in diseased groups compared to control group, after adjusting ageP<0.05. No differences were found in GCF cathepsin C levels among the study groupsP>0.05. Periodontal parameters of sampling sites were positively correlated with GCF proteinase 3 total amountsP<0.01but not with cathepsin C total amountsP>0.05.Conclusions. Elevated levels of GCF proteinase 3 in CP, G-AgP, and gingivitis might suggest that proteinase 3 plays a role during inflammatory periodontal events in host response. However, cathepsin C in GCF does not seem to have an effect on the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.

Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels of Sclerostin, Osteoprotegerin, and Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand in Periodontitis

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (12) ◽  
pp. 1396-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umut Balli ◽  
Ahmet Aydogdu ◽  
Figen Ongoz Dede ◽  
Cigdem Coskun Turer ◽  
Berrak Guven
Keyword(s):  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Receptor Activator ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Fluid Levels

Diagnosis of Periodontal Diseases: Reaction Paper

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Novak
Keyword(s):  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Clinical Measurements ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Technological Improvements

With the recent description of 12 different forms and sub-forms of periodontitis by the World Workshop in Clinical Periodontics (1989), increased emphasis has been placed on diagnosis. Dr. Ranney's review addressed the specificity and sensitivity of current diagnostic tests with respect to their ability to differentiate between health and disease and between the individual disease states. Although considerable microbiologic and immunologic data have been accumulated in the past decade, very little of this information has proved to be sufficiently sensitive to be of use in differential diagnosis. Clinical measurements provide us with an insensitive, retrospective analysis of what has already occurred but allow us to diagnose disease based on its natural history. Measures of attachment levels, by use of conventional probes, are only sufficiently sensitive indicators of periodontitis when as much as 20-30% of attachment has already been lost. Current technological improvements in probing measurements and radiographic assessment may increase sensitivity in this area. Future improvements in diagnostic techniques will occur with the advent of sensitive biochemical analyses of gingival crevicular fluid. These assays will provide a more objective analysis of inflammation and, in time, will provide sufficient sensitivity to allow for differentiation between and among the various forms of periodontal disease. Future directions in diagnosis will focus on the identification of disease-susceptible individuals and the prediction of future periodontal breakdown.

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