scholarly journals K metodě kritické teorie a jejímu rozvíjení v „novém čtení Marxe“

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-47
Author(s):  
Martin Nový
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Capitalist Society ◽  
Constituent Power ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Domination ◽  
The Way

Tato studie se zabývá problémem metody v kritické teorii. Nejprve zkoumá ustavující texty, v nichž založili Horkheimer a Marcuse kritickou teorii jako dialektický a materialistický přístup k analýze kapitalistické společnosti adekvátní její objektivně-abstraktní povaze. Stať diskutuje též Hegela a Marxe, nejdůležitější předchůdce frankfurtské školy, a způsob, jímž kritická teorie čerpá z jejich děl. Dále příspěvek obrací svou pozornost k Adornovým metodologickým postulátům, jež vyústily v analytické kategorie „reálné abstrakce“ a „objektivní konceptuality“. Reichelt a Backhaus vyšli z Adorna, jehož byli žáky, a interpretovali v tradici kritické teorie Marxovo dílo jako úsilí o zachycení určité kvality procesu inverze, v němž je práce, lidská moc ustavující společnost, nahrazena sociálním panstvím kapitalistických abstrakcí, které degradují její tvůrčí potenciál. Nové čtení Marxe dále analyzuje mizení smyslovosti v říši nadsmyslné reality kapitálu jako vůdčí hegeliánský motiv v celé Marxově práci. The essay deals with the problem of method in Critical theory. Firstly, it explores the constituent texts in which Horkheimer and Marcuse founded Critical theory as a dialectical and materialist approach for analysing capitalist society in terms of its objectively-abstract nature. It discusses its most important predecessors – Hegel and Marx – and the way critical theory is based on their works. Secondly, the essay turns its attention to Adorno's methodological postulates that resulted into analytical categories of ‘real abstraction’ and ‘objective conceptuality’. Building upon Adorno, their mentor, Reichelt and Backhaus interpreted, in the tradition of critical theory, Marx's oeuvre as an endeavour to catch determinate quality of the process of inversion in which labour, humanity's constituent power, is displaced and demoted by the social domination of capitalist abstractions. The neue Marx-Lektüre further analyses the disappearance of sensuousness in the realm of supersensible reality of capital as the defining Hegelian motive in Marx.

Reframing Habermas’s colonization thesis: Neoliberalism as relinguistification

2020 ◽  
pp. 136843102097078
Author(s):  
Roderick Condon
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
Communicative Action ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Ordinary Language ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Capitalist Society ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Social Systems Theory ◽  
The Way

While the critique of neoliberalism, as the form of contemporary capitalism, has been advanced from Marxian and Foucauldian perspectives, it has had limited attention from the perspective of Critical Theory. Largely unrecognized is the suitability of the theory of reification for this critique, specifically, Habermas’s version. This article reconsiders Habermas’s colonization thesis as the basis for a critical theory of neoliberalism, refining its theoretical framework to deepen its critical diagnosis. Against the dismissal of the system–lifeworld concept, a novel critique is advanced to suggest its original elaboration fell confusedly between two versions of social systems theory. Drawing from late developments, the scheme is reinterpreted as distinguishing two forms of communication in capitalist society: delinguistified and linguistic. This opens the way to reframe and communicatively transform colonization as relinguistification; that is, the translation of monetary coding into ordinary language such that communicative action is distorted from within by reifying concepts.

scholarly journals Social responsibility in the textile industry in Romania

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (04) ◽  
pp. 357-363
Author(s):  
NICOLETA ANDREEA NEACȘU ◽  
SIMONA BĂLĂȘESCU ◽  
MARIUS BĂLĂȘESC ◽  
CARMEN ELENA ANTON
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Sustainable Society ◽  
Quantitative Marketing ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Way

In a sustainable society, the integration into the activity of entities of the actions from the sphere of social responsibility becomes more and more evident. The study analyzes the textile industry in Romania in terms of social responsibility, the involvement of companies in this industry in asserting the values of this level. Thus, a quantitative marketing research is carried out at the level of the population in Romania, a piece of research which is aimed at identifying the opinions and attitudes of the citizens regarding the social responsibility adopted by the Romanian companies, with emphasis on the companies in the textile industry. In this research, particular attention was given to the comprehension of the reality of the aspects in which consumers perceive the requirements of social responsibility and of the way in which they function in practice. The results of this research can be used by the companies in the textile industry as well as by all the companies interested in this aspect in order to improve the quality of the services and of their implications in the social life and in order to respond to the needs of the citizens as well as possible.

The haunting quality of racism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Durrheim ◽  
Amy Jo Murray
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Past ◽  
What Is Said ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Way

Anti-racism has nurtured many visions of post-racism futures. All this talk and political action relies on and reproduces discourses of racism. While much of this discursive force lies in what is said, we argue that a haunting quality of racism may arise from what is unsaid. This includes the multifarious points of connection between the present and the past. We are all implicated, albeit unevenly. This article describes the phenomenon of spectral racism that arises from such implicature. We develop a discursive account of its constitution in acts of dialogical repression, and we consider some of the social psychological and political ramifications of haunting racism. We illustrate our arguments by an analysis of the way the prohibition against the use of the k-word echoes the toxic past and zombifies racism via psychological enticement.

‘Radical’ Social Theory of Sport: A Critique and a Conceptual Emendation

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Capitalist Society ◽  
Sport Sociology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Critical Turn ◽  
Advanced Capitalist

The social theory of sport literature has taken a new and welcome critical turn in the last few years. That turn is revealed in the emergence of a Marxist-based corpus of literature which challenges headlong the fundamental tenets of mainstream (functionalist) sport sociology. The purpose of the present paper is to critically respond to this new critical theory of sport; in particular to its two major versions—what I call, respectively, vulgar Marxist, and hegemonic sport theory. I argue that both versions of this theory are conceptually flawed, and that these conceptual flaws are themselves ideologically grounded. The point of my criticisms, however, is not to undermine or otherwise deflect the critical thrust of this theory, but to suggest that that thrust requires a new conceptual scaffolding which is more sensitive to the ideological temperament of advanced capitalist society.

Social media and the McDonaldization of friendship

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Bakardjieva
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Critical Theory ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Implications ◽  
Formal Rationality ◽  
Late Modern ◽  
The Way

AbstractThis article employs the concept of McDonaldization introduced by George Ritzer (1993) in his Weberian analysis of the processes of formal rationalization characteristic of late modern consumer society to reflect on the social and cultural implications of the most recent wave of communication technologies – social media. It argues that social media smuggle formal rationality into the elementary forms of social interaction, most clearly illustrated through the way they redefine the notion of friendship. In an attempt to lay the ground for a “multiperspectivist approach” (Kellner, 1999) to this phenomenon, the article enters the Weberian argument into a conversation with other styles of theorizing social media such as Marxism, Critical Theory and sociological phenomenology.

scholarly journals Psychosocial impacts of engaging in Second Life for individuals with physical disabilities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Kleban ◽  
Linda Katherine Kaye
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Second Life ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Psychological Outcomes ◽  
Recreational Therapy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychosocial Impacts ◽  
Self Discovery ◽  
The Way

The psychological experiences associated with engagement in virtual worlds have been well documented in the existing literature. The current study aimed to explore the motivations, experiences and psychosocial impacts of engaging in the virtual world “Second Life”. This aimed to extend previous findings by specifically exploring the phenomenological experiences within a sample of individuals with physical disabilities. This was achieved by conducting in-world interviews with five participants, comprising a range of physical disabilities. Through thematic analysis of the interviews transcripts, a number of themes were identified. Quality of life, self-esteem and recreational therapy were identified as positive psychological outcomes of engagement in Second Life. These were found to occur through a number of processes such as self-discovery, relaxation, and perception of in-world equality. Further, the social and environmental opportunities emerged as key motivations for engagement in Second Life. These findings extend the current literature by providing evidence for the way in which Second Life provides important leisure opportunities for individuals with physical disabilities, and the way in which these experiences are associated with positive psychological outcomes. The implications of these findings highlight the clinical relevance of such platforms for this particular population of individuals.

International Relations before Critical Theory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Devetak
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Critical Theory ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Science Standards ◽  
Epistemic Practices ◽  
International Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Way

The chapter elaborates the post-war disciplinary context from which critical international theory emerged. While most accounts start with the so-called ‘third debate’, this chapter situates its emergence in the longer story of the rise in theory’s prestige in the social sciences. It tells the story of a series of disputes over method (Methodenstreit) that paved the way not just for higher levels of theoretical abstraction, and a never vanquished humanist challenge to the scientific outlook. It was during the 1950s that the persona of the theorist was first established in international relations. In the following decades, personae of the international relations theorist evolved through academic institutionalization of certain epistemic practices and technical capabilities modelled on behaviouralist and philosophy-of-science standards. The stage was thus set for a rival, namely, critical intellectual persona to emerge in opposition to both the humanist and scientific outlooks, but in continuity with the ever-higher orders of abstraction.

Supporting Democracy Through Leadership in Organizations

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 1033-1040
Author(s):  
Gisela Redondo-Sama
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
The Way

Research on successful cooperativist actions has been found to generate social impact through the creation of employment and the promotion of economic growth. In this article, we present the way in which leaders in nontraditional businesses assess qualitatively the social impact of the improvements linked to such actions beyond the economic dimension. The interviews include the voices of members and nonmembers of cooperatives occupying diverse positions in organizations and illustrate how the exercise of dialogic leadership supports the strength of democratic principles and the quality of employment. The results revealed that the processes of empowerment related to cooperative organizations enable a kind of qualitative assessment of social impact that provides evidence of how successful cooperativist actions play a role in the development of more democratic and participatory organizations.

scholarly journals The complacency of legality: Constitutionalist vulnerabilities to populist constituent power

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-361
Author(s):  
Julian Scholtes
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Social Embeddedness ◽  
Constituent Power ◽  
The Social ◽  
Liberal Constitutionalism ◽  
Positive Perspective ◽  
Political Choices ◽  
The Way

AbstractWhat role do public law and liberal constitutionalism play in an era of political populism? This article approaches this question by exploring the concept of constituent power in the light of recent constitutional developments in countries with populist governments. It attempts to outline and contrast conceptions of constituent power as inherent in liberal constitutionalist and populist thinking, respectively. While constitutionalists draw heavily upon Kelsenian normativism in framing the way political power is generated, populists juxtapose this with a concept of constituent power that is inspired by Carl Schmitt’s ‘decisionist’ view. The complacency of legality inherent in liberal constitutionalist thinking is susceptible to a populist challenge that draws attention to the necessity for the social embeddedness of any legal order. Populism, it is argued, exposes a core tension inherent in constitutionalism: How do constitutionalists reconcile their democratic aspirations with the simultaneous preclusion of certain political choices from the democratic realm? Populists can attack constitutionalism also because of the deficient conception of constituent power that underlies the latter. The article concludes that, where challenged by populists, public law can at some point no longer rely on its own force to defend itself. Its authority needs to be re-established from an extra-legal, pre-positive perspective. In an era of political populism, constitutionalist public law becomes a discourse that can challenge populism by means of the powerful reasons that inhere in the former.

J. S. Mill's Political Philosophy of Mind

Philosophy ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 47 (182) ◽  
pp. 334-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hollis
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Strong Version ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Way

That freedom involves a power (or right) to choose is a natural idea. But it requires a model of man which English philosophers have usually rejected. It requires an agent equipped with a will, who is faced with genuine alternatives and is, in some sense, autonomous. So it is rejected both by those, like Hobbes, who hold a strong version of determinism and by those, like Hume, who deny the existence of an autonomous self. The will, says Hobbes, is simply ‘the last appetite in deliberating’. A mind, says Hume, is ‘nothing but a heap or collection of different perceptions, united together by certain relations’. The way is then apparently open for a denial that men ever act freely at all and so for a thoroughly deterministic basis for the social sciences. But this is not the usual conclusion. Hobbes and Hume both agree that there is no conflict between freedom and determinism, once ‘freeedom’ is properly understood. A man is free when he can get what he wants. As Hobbes puts it, ‘liberty is the absence of all impediments to action which are not contained in the nature and intrinsical quality of the agent’. In other words freedom does not involve choice but consists instead in the power to satisfy desire.

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