scholarly journals Świadek historii. Swobodne wspominanie a krytyka źródła historycznego – o ambiwalencji metody w zachodnioniemieckiej oral history około roku 1980

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 39-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franka Maubach
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Narrative Interview ◽  
The Social ◽  
Past Experiences

Only recently has the contemporary witness become the subject of academic study. The emerging scholarship views this figure as belonging to a specific historical period, namely the post-Holocaust era. Today, the narrations of the contemporary witness are commonly understood as constructs, as stories developed synchronously in the course of the interview. The article takes a closer look at the formative period of the German Oral History studies around 1980, a field deeply informed by post-dictatorial sensibilities. It locates the figure of the contemporary witness, the interviewer and the interview methods employed within the historical context in which they emerged. Moreover, if we consider other Oral History approaches developed elsewhere and compare the German approach to Fritz Schütze’s narrative interview method for the social sciences, it can be identified as a genuinely historical, diachronically operating approach. By letting the interviewees talk about their memories uninterrupted, they were encouraged to reflect on their lives as a whole. A the same time, pioneers of the field such as Lutz Niethammer and Alexander von Plato developed ways to verify the narrations’ plausibility and thus to evaluate the reliability of the interview as istorical source. This combination of empathy and skepticism, of unconditional interest in a person’s full life-story and its critical verification became the hallmark of German Oral history Studies, not least because emerged in a post-dictatorial society. Rather than studying memories as mere constructions of the past, they developed a methodology aimed at enabling historians to get access to the actual past experiences which they believed are contained in the retrospective testimonies of individual human beings.

scholarly journals THREE LIVES OF NIKOLAY AGAFONOV: TRANSFORMATION OF IDENTITY IN THE AGE OF WAR AND REVOLUTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Alexander I. Kazankov ◽  
◽  
Oleg L. Lejbovich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Collective Farm ◽  
Social Democrat ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Farm System ◽  
The Relationship

The article reconstructs N. P. Agafonov’s life story. It aims at determining the relationship between the individual and the social in a person’s biographical trajectory, analyzing ego-transformation process in a specific historical context. The research methodology involves the use of autobiographical narrative, formed in the process of investigative actions, carried out by the organs of OGPU–NKVD in 1929 and 1937. N. P. Agafonov’s fate is of special interest for historians because during a third of a century he changed his identity three times: at the beginning of the century N. P. Agafonov realized himself as a social democrat, an active participant of the revolutionary underground in St. Petersburg and Perm in 1905–1907. After its defeat, he chose a musical and dramatic career. During the Civil War, he got a haircut as a monk. In the pre-Soviet era, Agafonov behaves like a conformist, whose inner evolution is congenial to the changes taking place in the social circle of democratic youth. The turbulent nature of the events of the Civil War does not allow him to make an artistically reasonable and socially conditioned choice. During the Soviet regime he denounced the collective farm system as a hieromonk, called on parishioners to be strong in faith and expressed hope for the return of the good old times, for which he was subjected to repression by the punitive authorities.

scholarly journals WADAH INTERAKSI SOSIAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Yonathan Yoel Mulyadi ◽  
Franky Liauw
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Limited Time ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Network Development ◽  
Social Community ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Observation Method

People always engage in mutual relations and influence with other human beings in order to fulfill their needs and sustain their lives. The reaction action is a form of interaction created by humans, because humans are social beings who cannot live without the help of others. The purpose of this research is to know the pattern of communication built by the community and to know the process of social integration. The process of collecting data using the observation method conducted within 5 days in the study site area, and the interview method is conducted to obtain more accurate data in reviewing community development. Based on the results of the research, the pattern of interaction built by the community in Kramat is less good, because the whole community activities are done in the Office, school or other workplace. There is a social community that is engaged in the art of craft, but there are less people in the field because of limited time and location is less strategic, but also because it is commercial there are some people who lack It. Intersocial learning and network development in Kramat is a social facility that can be accessed by the whole community without seeing the social status. The facilities provided are the result of the interview data with the surrounding community as the basis for creating this project. Social containers are a facility provided to the community without charging a fee in certain provisions for the Community can be recreation and brainstorm and also knowledge in certain areas.AbstrakManusia senantiasa melakukan hubungan dan pengaruh timbal balik dengan manusia yang lain dalam rangka memenuhi kebutuhan dan mempertahankan kehidupannya. Adanya aksi reaksi merupakn sebuah bentuk interaksi yang diciptakan oleh manusia, karena manusia merupakan mahkluk sosial yang tidak dapat hidup tanpa bantuan orang lain. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pola komunikasi yang dibangun oleh para masyarakat dan untuk mengetahui proses integrasi sosial yang dilakukan. Proses pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi yang dilakukan dalam jangka waktu 5 hari di area tapak studi, selain itu juga metode wawancara dilakukan untuk memperoleh data yang lebih akurat dalam meninjau perkembangan masyarakat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, pola interaksi yang dibangun oleh masyarakat di Kramat tergolong kurang baik, karena hampir seluruh aktivitas masyarakat dilakukan di kantor, sekolah maupun tempat bekerja lainnya. Terdapat komunitas sosial yang bergerak dalam bidang seni kriya akan tetapi maksyarakat sekitar kurang meminatinya karena keterbatasan waktu dan juga lokasi yang kurang strategis, selain itu juga karena bersifat komersial ada beberapa masyarakat yang kurang meminatinya. Wadah belajar dan interaksi sosial sebagai pengembangan jaringan di kramat merupakan fasilitas sosial yang dapat diakses oleh seluruh kalangan masyarakat tanpa melihat status sosialnya. Fasilitas yang disediakan merupakan hasil dari data wawancara dengan masyarakat sekitar sebagai dasar dalam menciptakan proyek ini. Wadah sosial merupakan sebuah fasilitas yang diberikan kepada masyarakat tanpa memungut biaya dalam ketentuan tertentu untuk masyarakat dapat berekreasi serta bertukar pikiran dan juga ilmu dalam bidang – bidang tertentu.

scholarly journals “Memoria histórica razonada”. Una propuesta incluyente para las víctimas del conflicto armado interno colombiano

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 15-52
Author(s):  
Juan Felipe Rueda Arenas
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Forced Displacement ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Internal Armed Conflict ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
The Social

“Memoria histórica razonada” es una propuesta teórico-metodológica que busca la participación activa de las víctimas del conflicto armado interno en la construcción de la historia colombiana. El artículo es un aporte conceptual de un estudio de trayectorias de vida de víctimas del desplazamiento forzado llevado a cabo en Bucaramanga, Colombia. Para tal caso, se realiza un acercamiento al contexto histórico del origen y dinámica de la historia, la memoria y la oralidad en la historiografía. Se evidencia el debate teórico sobre memoria e historia realizado por autores de las ciencias sociales y humanas. Y se muestran trabajos participativos de memorias de víctimas del conflicto armado interno colombiano. Como resultado, se pretende que mediante la construcción de memoria histórica razonada se comprendan relatos de personas desplazadas a través de un conocimiento complementario entre víctimas e investigadores, generándose instrumentos contra marginalidades, negacionismos, silencios y olvidos impuestos por centros de poder.Palabras claves: “memoria histórica razonada”, “memoria histórica”, víctimas, historia, memoria, historiografía, historia oral.Reasoned Historical Memory.  A Proposal to Include Victims of Colombian Internal Armed ConflictAbstractThis Reasoned Historical Memory is a theoretical-methodological proposal that seeks the active participation of victims of internal armed conflict in the construction of Colombian history. While The article is part of a conceptual contribution to a study from life trajectories of victims of forced displacement held in Bucaramanga city.For such a case, It makes an approach into the historical context of the origin and dynamic of history, memory and orality in historiography. It demonstrates the theoretical debate about memory and history made by authors in the social sciences and humanities. Also, the participatory memories from the victims of Colombian internal armed conflict are showed. As a result, it is intended that through the construction of historical memory are understood reasoned accounts of people displaced through a complementary knowledge between victims and researchers, generating instruments against marginalities denials, silence and forgetfulness imposed by centers of power.  Keywords: "reasoned historical memory","historical memory", victims, memory, history, historiography. oral history.

scholarly journals Old Testament Studies: The story of a department

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurie Le Roux
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
First Year ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Excellent Teaching ◽  
Critical Scholarship ◽  
University Of Pretoria ◽  
The Times ◽  
The University

The Department of Old Testament at the Faculty of Theology, University of Pretoria, has been in existence since 1938 and this article is an attempt to highlight some aspects of its history. The article consists of two main sections. The first discusses the place of the Department in the world, in Africa and at the University. It is stated that the Department always moved with the times and re-invented itself in new contexts. It found a stronghold in the university context, addressed the problems of our times intellectually and consistently maintained international contacts. In the second section, the members of the Department are discussed individually. It will become clear that there is a strange mixture of synchrony and diachrony, of reading the text in its final form and of taking the historical context and growth seriously. Both approaches exist alongside each other and complement each other. It is concluded that the Department�s future lies in its scholarly past � in the intellectual traditions in which it is embedded, and in its ability to adapt to new contexts without losing its total devotion to critical scholarship, the students and the church.Like human beings, a university department can also have a biography. It has a life entrenched in real experiences and is subjected to the same socio-political realities as people. This article briefly tells the life story of one such department, that of the Department of Old Testament at the University of Pretoria. It describes the Department�s academic endeavours, and of the scholars who devoted their lives to the pursuit of Old Testament scholarship and the teaching of theological students from their first year to doctorate level. Over the years the Department had to adjust and re-adjust, but in the end it survived all kinds of pressures and established its place both here and abroad. One of the reasons for its endurance and survival has been the commitment of the members of the Department to cutting-edge research, sound scholarship and excellent teaching. This story is told here by focusing on the physical contexts in which the Department had to exist, and then on the scholars who made things happen.

Gente que veio da terra: experiências educativas vivenciadas na infância de roça por assentados da reforma agrária de São Carlos (SP) / People who came from the land: educational experiences of rural childhood...

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Diogo Marques Tafuri
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Educational Processes ◽  
The Social

Neste artigo, pretendemos discutir a educação enquanto fenômeno ontológico, a partir de uma investigação realizada acerca das ações econômicas e dos processos educativos por elas engendrados no contexto histórico das trajetórias de vida de agricultores e agricultoras do Assentamento Santa Helena, situado no meio rural de São Carlos, município do interior do estado de São Paulo. Para tanto, fundamentamos o eixo analítico de nossa perspectiva de produção de conhecimento a partir das categorias “práticas sociais” e “processos educativos”, entendendo que as práticas sociais vivenciadas cotidianamente pelos seres humanos se constituem enquanto práxis essencialmente intersubjetiva, geradora de processos educativos que se projetam no tempo-espaço a partir de situações gnosiológicas problematizadoras da realidade social, a qual, portanto, se conserva permanentemente em transformação. Por meio da fenomenologia, partimos da análise dos acontecimentos descritos pelos (as) agricultores (as) durante as entrevistas realizadas em trabalho de campo, de forma a contemplar a integralidade entre uma possível gnosiologia das relações econômicas e os diversos elementos educativos a ela relacionados, os quais se mostraram presentes no seio de suas trajetórias de vida e que, em nossa compreensão, integram um todo encarnado em suas formas de ser e de agir no presente.Palavras-chave: Processos Educativos; Ação Econômica; Assentamentos da Reforma Agrária; Educação Camponesa. ABSTRACT: In this article, we intend to discuss education as an ontological phenomenon. The discussion is based on an investigation carried out on the economic actions and educational processes that they engendered in the historical context of the life trajectories of farmers in the Santa Helena Settlement in São Carlos, a municipality in the interior of the state of São Paulo. In order to do so, we base the analytical axis of our perspective on knowledge production from the categories “social practices” and “educational processes”, considering that the social practices lived daily by human beings constitute an essentially inter-subjective praxis, generating educational processes that are projected in time-space from problematic gnosiological situations from social reality, which is kept in constant transformation. Through phenomenology, we start with an analysis of events described by farmers during interviews conducted during fieldwork, in order to contemplate the integrality between a possible gnosiology of economic relations and the various educational elements related to it, which have been present in the midst of their life trajectories and which, in our understanding, integrate a whole embodied in their ways of being and acting in the present.Keywords: Educational Processes; Economic Action; Settlements of Agrarian Reform; Peasant Education.

scholarly journals Memorie autobiografiche come patrimonio di comunità

2019 ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Caterina Benelli
Keyword(s):  
Social Group ◽  
Life Stories ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mutual Interest ◽  
Relational Distance ◽  
A Company

We live in a historical period in which it is necessary and urgent to know and relate to stories. Today, the social function of memory is stronger and more evident than ever. The concept of memory, as well as that of recollection, is widely used, but those who resort to it are not always able to fully grasp its meaning. As a matter of fact, the educational function of memory is also expressed through narration. There is no narration and writing of oneself that does not bring within the testimony of a historical time, of a social group and of a precise epoch that reveals unusual nuances and situations, eager to be discovered and to become part of the social heritage. The oral and written narration allows narrators to feel part of a community, to feel in a "warm" place, in a comfortable area and part of a community rich in mutual interest and able to guarantee the rights of all and a reciprocal recognition. Addressing the question of the memory of a community in an era of fragility, of borders, of spaces shared more and more virtually and less physically, means to contrast isolation and the relational distance between people. Life stories provide us with descriptions and observations of how we live in a place, in a territory, in a family, in a school, in a company, in any situation in which human beings have exchanged stories and have learned from each other. The intent to collect the memories of the community, through life stories, autobiographies, arises from the need to look at the traces left by those who preceded us to better understand and face the future, that is, to pay attention to micro-stories. This contribution aims at reflecting on the educational and social value of autobiographies as important instruments for observation, investigation, analysis and restitution of new insights on the community through the educator’s role as a facilitator with autobiographical skills.

Race and the Epigenetics of Memory

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Soto Laveaga
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
Social Constructions ◽  
Race Science ◽  
The Social ◽  
Black Bodies ◽  
Dead Bodies ◽  
Lasting Change

In my brief response to Terence Keel’s essay “Race on Both Sides of the Razor,” I focus on something as pertinent as alleles and social construction: how we write history and how we memorialize the past. Current DNA analysis promises to remap our past and interrogate certainties that we have taken for granted. For the purposes of this commentary I call this displacing of known histories the epigenetics of memory. Just as environmental stimuli rouse epigenetic mechanisms to produce lasting change in behavior and neural function, the unearthing of forgotten bodies, forgotten lives, has a measurable effect on how we act and think and what we believe. The act of writing history, memorializing the lives of others, is a stimulus that reshapes who and what we are. We cannot disentangle the discussion about the social construction of race and biological determinism from the ways in which we have written—and must write going forward—about race. To the debate about social construction and biological variation we must add the heft of historical context, which allows us to place these two ideas in dialogue with each other. Consequently, before addressing the themes in Keel’s provocative opening essay and John Hartigan’s response, I speak about dead bodies—specifically, cemeteries for Black bodies. Three examples—one each from Atlanta, Georgia; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Mexico—illustrate how dead bodies must enter our current debates about race, science, and social constructions. 

Current issues in aesthetics and beyond: Revisiting lookism

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Peter Takáč
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Common View ◽  
Aesthetic Medicine ◽  
Unequal Treatment ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Public Status ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Common

AbstractLookism is a term used to describe discrimination based on the physical appearance of a person. We suppose that the social impact of lookism is a philosophical issue, because, from this perspective, attractive people have an advantage over others. The first line of our argumentation involves the issue of lookism as a global ethical and aesthetical phenomenon. A person’s attractiveness has a significant impact on the social and public status of this individual. The common view in society is that it is good to be more attractive and healthier. This concept generates several ethical questions about human aesthetical identity, health, authenticity, and integrity in society. It seems that this unequal treatment causes discrimination, diminishes self-confidence, and lowers the chance of a job or social enforcement for many human beings. Currently, aesthetic improvements are being made through plastic surgery. There is no place on the human body that we cannot improve with plastic surgery or aesthetic medicine. We should not forget that it may result in the problem of elitism, in dividing people into primary and secondary categories. The second line of our argumentation involves a particular case of lookism: Melanie Gaydos. A woman that is considered to be a model with a unique look.

New Wars and Their Visual Representation: Dead Bodies without Graves/Mourne

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Tuncay Şur ◽  
Betül Yarar
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Visual Representation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Public ◽  
Photographic Images ◽  
War Photography ◽  
New Wars ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

This paper seeks to understand why there has been an increase in photographic images exposing military violence or displaying bodies killed by military forces and how they can freely circulate in the public without being censored or kept hidden. In other words, it aims to analyze this particular issue as a symptom of the emergence of new wars and a new regime of their visual representation. Within this framework, it attempts to relate two kinds of literature that are namely the history of war and war photography with the bridge of theoretical discussions on the real, its photographic representation, power, and violence.  Rather than systematic empirical analysis, the paper is based on a theoretical attempt which is reflected on some socio-political observations in the Middle East where there has been ongoing wars or new wars. The core discussion of the paper is supported by a brief analysis of some illustrative photographic images that are served through the social media under the circumstances of war for instance in Turkey between Turkish military troops and the Kurdish militants. The paper concludes that in line with the process of dissolution/transformation of the old nation-state formations and globalization, the mechanism and mode of power have also transformed to the extent that it resulted in the emergence of new wars. This is one dynamic that we need to recognize in relation to the above-mentioned question, the other is the impact of social media in not only delivering but also receiving war photographies. Today these changes have led the emergence of new machinery of power in which the old modern visual/photographic techniques of representing wars without human beings, torture, and violence through censorship began to be employed alongside medieval power techniques of a visual exhibition of tortures and violence.

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