scholarly journals Herpetological postage stamps issued from the Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Postage Stamps ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Non Local

In this essay, we commemorate the zoological and herpetological contributions of Angel Chua Alcala, with a review of stamps and pictorial cancellations on herpetological themes from the Philippines. Between 1982 and 2017, a total of 79 such stamps, stamp sheetlets, and undenominated tabs, depicting amphibians and reptiles have been officially issued by the postal administration of the country, all but one within its commemorative stamp releases. Species featured are those of ecotourism importance, in addition to threatened or endemic taxa, although stylized as well as non-local species too have featured on stamps produced by the country. KEYWORDS: Philippines, philately, stamps, postmarks, amphibians, reptiles

A comparison of an environmental impact assessment (EIA) vertebrate fauna survey with a post-approval fauna salvage program: consequences of not adhering to EIA survey guidelines, a Western Australian example

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 412
Author(s):  
Graham G. Thompson ◽  
Scott A. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Vertebrate Fauna ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrate ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessments ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Protection Authority

The Western Australian Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) has issued written guidance on its expectations for terrestrial vertebrate fauna surveys to support environmental impact assessments (EIA). We report on one of the few circumstances where a direct comparison of the results from an EIA vertebrate fauna survey, that did not, in our opinion, appear to conform with the EPA’s guidance statement expectations but was seemingly accepted by the EPA, and a comprehensive terrestrial vertebrate fauna salvage program were undertaken at the same site. This has enabled us to comment on the consequences of not undertaking a survey that complies with the EPA’s expectations. Excluding incursions by non-local species, bats and avian fauna, ~33% of terrestrial vertebrate fauna species recorded during the fauna salvage program were not reported as being present in the EIA survey. The relative abundance of various species differed appreciably between the fauna salvage program and the EIA survey, and an endangered species present in the project area was not identified as likely to occur. We believe these differences occurred because of a single-season EIA survey, insufficient trapping effort, a failure to survey an important fauna habitat, the presumption that a threatened species would be absent due to a lack of local records and records in the available habitat types. A comprehensive review and rewrite of the outdated Western Australian EPA vertebrate fauna survey guidelines and a requirement for proponents and environmental practitioners to meet (or exceed) the revised guidelines are the recommended outcomes.

scholarly journals First record of Phasmarhabditis sp. from eggs of Eobania vermiculata (Müller) snails in Egypt and their response to host size

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karima Mahmoud Azzam ◽  
Nema El-Abd
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
First Record ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Eobania Vermiculata

Abstract Background Gastropods are very prevalent animals. In Egypt, terrestrial snails represent important economic pests, infesting and causing severe damages to ornamental plants, orchard trees, vegetables, and field crops. The overuse of molluscicides against these destructive pests leads to more environmental pollution. Therefore, searching for biological control agents became necessary to avoid the hazard of chemical molluscicides. Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, isolated from slugs was used as a bio-control agent against snails and slugs. Few investigations available on gastropod egg parasites. Therefore, the present study interested in the isolation of parasitic nematodes from the snail eggs to study their possible role as biological control agents for gastropod pests. Results This is the first record to isolate the snail parasitic nematode, Phasmarhabditis sp., from eggs of the Egyptian terrestrial snail, Eobania vermiculata (Müller). Infectivity of this nematode was investigated for eggs, juvenile and mature snails, E. vermiculata and Limax flavus L. slugs, and also eggs of the non-local species, Achatina fulica Bowdich and one adult of it was only available. The investigation revealed a capability of the isolated nematode to infect and kill E. vermiculata snail, L. flavus slugs, and their eggs. Also, it could infect and kill the eggs of non-local snail species, A. fulica, and its only individual adult available which was obtained from an agricultural quarantine sample. The results indicated also that released individuals of the nematodes, recovered from snails, were significantly larger in size than those recovered from eggs and vice versa. Conclusion It could be concluded that the isolated parasitic nematode may be able to play a role in controlling different stages of the gastropods including eggs. This make the control more effective in protecting host plants before the pest causing damage. The nematode was more effective on local pest species than non-local species. Moreover, the size of the parasite was proportional with the size of the host pest.

Toward High-Resolution Low-Voltage SEM

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 218-219
Author(s):  
Zhifeng Shao
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
Probe Radius ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes

Recently, low voltage (≤5kV) scanning electron microscopes have become popular because of their unprecedented advantages, such as minimized charging effects and smaller specimen damage, etc. Perhaps the most important advantage of LVSEM is that they may be able to provide ultrahigh resolution since the interaction volume decreases when electron energy is reduced. It is obvious that no matter how low the operating voltage is, the resolution is always poorer than the probe radius. To achieve 10Å resolution at 5kV (including non-local effects), we would require a probe radius of 5∽6 Å. At low voltages, we can no longer ignore the effects of chromatic aberration because of the increased ratio δV/V. The 3rd order spherical aberration is another major limiting factor. The optimized aperture should be calculated as

Chromatic aberration and low-voltage SEM

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 546-547
Author(s):  
Zhifeng Shao ◽  
A.V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Electron Energy ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Primary Electron ◽  
Probe Size ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Optical Treatment ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes

For scanning electron microscopes, it is plausible that by lowering the primary electron energy, one can decrease the volume of interaction and improve resolution. As shown by Crewe /1/, at V0 =5kV a 10Å resolution (including non-local effects) is possible. To achieve this, we would need a probe size about 5Å. However, at low voltages, the chromatic aberration becomes the major concern even for field emission sources. In this case, δV/V = 0.1 V/5kV = 2x10-5. As a rough estimate, it has been shown that /2/ the chromatic aberration δC should be less than ⅓ of δ0 the probe size determined by diffraction and spherical aberration in order to neglect its effect. But this did not take into account the distribution of electron energy. We will show that by using a wave optical treatment, the tolerance on the chromatic aberration is much larger than we expected.

Disaster Medicine Training in the Philippines

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (S2) ◽  
pp. S27
Author(s):  
Teodoro Javier Herbosa
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Disaster Medicine
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