Unilateral legitimacy of the U.S. use of force through a globalized world. (c2008)

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirine Saghira
Keyword(s):  
Use Of Force ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
The U.S

The Fourth Reverse Wave?

2022 ◽  
pp. 63-76
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
World Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Community ◽  
Reverse Wave ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
The U.S

This chapter examines the work of Samuel Huntington and his theory regarding waves of democratization. The chapter notes that the international community is witnessing a move away from the globalized world order that the era has facilitated (or de-globalization) and that de-democratization is seemingly occurring simultaneously. The chapter pays particular attention to the United States and actions that have been viewed as anti-democratic by the previous presidential administration, which has accelerated the global community's leeriness when it comes to international cooperation led by the U.S.

scholarly journals Islamic banking

2021 ◽  
pp. 275-287
Author(s):  
Christian Castro
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Investment Funds ◽  
Banking And Finance ◽  
Financial Products ◽  
The World ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
The U.S

In recent years the rise of Islamic banking has been one of the most important trends in the economic sphere, with an estimated 1.5 billion Muslims in the world, this arena has plenty of room for expansion. Conforming to Shariah (Islamic Law) puts a huge demand among Muslims looking for financial products and services that adhere to their beliefs. If it weren’t for the creation of such alter-natives to conventional banking and finance, Muslims would find it hard to participate in our globalized world without violating their religious principles. There are currently over 300 financial Institutions across the global sphere providing some type of Islamic financial product. According to some experts, the assets that are currently being managed under Shariah law, which range from investment to commercial banks and investment funds, are estimated to be no less than 300 billion. Other experts in the industry estimate the assets under mana-gement to be much larger. The FSA (Financial Services Authority), a regulator for financial services based out of London, estimates the total amount associated with Shariah banking to be as much as 500 billion. Even the U.S rating agency, S & P, estimates the sukuk (deed) market has reached over 75 billion and will likely be over 150 billion by the end of the decade. It used to be that Islamic fi-nancial products were more of a niche market but over time they are now considered mainstream, with many well-known interna-tional financial institutions battling to get a little piece of the pie.

scholarly journals BOOK REVIEW Book Author: Kathleen Stein-Smith. Book title: The U.S. Foreign Language Deficit: Strategies for Maintaining a Competitive Edge in a Globalized World. Year of Publication: (2016). Publisher: Fairleigh Dickinson University Teaneck, New Jersey, USA. Book pages: 123 pp. Book ISBN 978-3-319-34158-3

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Forough Rahimi ◽  
Gholam Shahisavandi
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Book Title ◽  
Competitive Edge ◽  
Teaching Language ◽  
Language Deficit ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
The U.S

Kathleen Stein-Smith’s The U.S. Foreign Language Deficit: Strategies for Maintaining a Competitive Edge in a Globalized World is an attempt to outline a comprehensive and organized model for one of the recent trends in the field of teaching language and the importance of language.

Conference Report – “From Government to Governance? The Growing Impact of Non-State Actors on the International and European Legal System” - 6th ASIL / NVIR / T.M.C. Asser Institute Joint Conference in The Hague, 3 -5 July 2003

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 827-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Kirchner
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Conference Report ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
Joint Conference ◽  
The Hague ◽  
State Actors ◽  
The U.S

This year's 6th Joint Conference held by the American and Dutch Societies of International Law and organised by the T.M.C. Asser Institute in The Hague focused on the increasing importance of the role of non-state actors in international law and at the same time provided an opportunity for American and European lawyers to address recent differences between the U.S. and Europe, e.g. on the use of force in Iraq. Consequently one of the three major issues of the conference was the response to international terrorism, while other issues included the role of international organizations as well as transnational corporations in international law.

The U.S.: A Globalizing Economy in a Globalized World

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (003) ◽  
pp. 14-29
Author(s):  
V. Suppyan
Keyword(s):  
Globalized World ◽  
The U.S

“Is This the End of Perestroika?” International Reactions to the Soviet Use of Force in the Baltic Republics in January 1991

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Una Bergmane
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The U.S ◽  
West European

This article examines the official U.S. reaction to the Soviet government's use of force in the Baltic republics in January 1991, not only showing the complexity of the U.S. position but also demonstrating how reactions in Washington became harsher in the space of a week, eroding the previous “Gorbachev first” attitude. The article identifies the main reasons for this shift, especially West European reactions, domestic pressures, and growing concerns that violence in the Baltics marked the end of perestroika. The analysis sheds light on a larger debate between Kristina Spohr and Celeste Wallander about Western attitudes toward the Baltic question at the Cold War endgame. The article is based on newly available archival materials in the United States and France as well as on documents from the archives of the Gorbachev Foundation in Moscow and in the Latvian State Archives.

Personal Self-Defense and the Standing Rules of Engagement

2018 ◽  
pp. 109-124
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
The Law ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. military Standing Rules of Engagement (SROE) restrict the use of force in armed conflict to either self-defense or “mission-specific” rules of engagement, which refer to the use of force against members of enemy armed forces or organized armed groups that have been “declared hostile.” This bifurcation of authority works well in an international armed conflict, where the enemy force is uniformed and easily distinguished. In these circumstances, the overwhelming number of engagements are against identified hostile forces. In many non-international armed conflicts, however, combatants actively attempt to camouflage their status, and U.S. forces find themselves engaging enemy forces under a self-defense framework. This creates problems. Consider, for example, a situation where three individuals of unknown affiliation launch an attack against a U.S. military convoy in Afghanistan. After a short engagement, the attackers get in a van and speed away from the attack site. The U.S. convoy is disabled, but an unmanned aerial vehicle tracks the van as it retreats into the desert. Thirty minutes later an AH-64 Apache attack helicopter arrives on scene above the still-retreating van. Can the Apache attack the vehicle? The van is retreating and poses no threat, thus self-defense principles would not allow for the use of force, despite the fact that the occupants are clearly directly participating in hostilities. This chapter addresses three questions: Why are the SROE drafted in this manner? What is the basis in the law for the SROE’s approach to self-defense? What are the problems presented by this approach?

scholarly journals A Decade's Tale

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-238
Author(s):  
Dasha J. Rhodes ◽  
David L. Robinson ◽  
Paul C. Archibald ◽  
Laurens Van Sluytman
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Excessive Force ◽  
Consent Decree ◽  
Department Of Justice ◽  
Police Reform ◽  
Cultural Training ◽  
Social Work Values ◽  
Consent Decrees ◽  
The U.S

According to the U.S. Department of Justice (US DOJ, 2016), African Americans have experienced disproportionate instances of police use of excessive force as a result of discriminatory practices and insufficient training. Officers are permitted to use appropriate force in specific situations; however, when force is excessive and deemed unnecessary, it then becomes an issue of concern. The U.S. Department of Justice was invited to investigate police departments that participated in the use of excessive force and a consent decree was developed with those departments to remedy the DOJ's findings. The researchers conducted a consent decree analysis examining government investigations of police practices throughout the U.S. between 2008 and 2018 comprising the following terms: police reform, consent decrees, settlement agreement, investigation reports, use-of-force, and policy to determine how prevalent excessive force was used towards African Americans. Findings indicated that within the decade, 14 cities were investigated, 12 were identified as using excessive force, with nine having their use-of-force policies available, and four municipalities using excessive force against African Americans. Social work values, advocacy, and cultural training were also identified to aid in the decrease of excessive force complaints.

Establishing Cyberspace Sovereignty

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris E. Barcomb ◽  
Dennis J. Krill ◽  
Robert F. Mills ◽  
Michael A. Saville
Keyword(s):  
Use Of Force ◽  
International Norms ◽  
Military Doctrine ◽  
Space Domain ◽  
Geographic Boundaries ◽  
Abstract Notion ◽  
Common Understanding ◽  
The U.S

International norms governing appropriate conduct in cyberspace are immature, leaving politicians, diplomats, and military authorities to grapple with the challenges of defending against and executing hostilities in cyberspace. Cyberspace is unlike the traditional physical domains where actions occur at specific geographic places and times. Rules governing conduct in the traditional domains emerged over centuries and share a common understanding of sovereignty that helps establish and justify the use of force. In cyberspace, sovereignty is a more abstract notion because the geographic boundaries are often difficult to define as data and applications increasingly reside in a virtual, global “cloud.” This paper proposes a construct for establishing sovereignty in cyberspace by studying similarities between space and cyberspace. The characteristics of the space domain challenged traditional notions of sovereignty based on geography. As nations deployed space-based capabilities, the concept of sovereignty needed to mature to deal with the physical realities of space. Sovereignty is defined, and general requirements for claiming sovereignty are presented. The evolution of sovereignty in space is then discussed, followed by a construct for how sovereignty could be defined in cyberspace. The paper also reviews U.S. civil policy and military doctrine and discusses how these documents offer insights into the U.S. approach to asserting its claims within these domains. It concludes by examining an emerging trend where nations not only seek to establish sovereign claims over the architectural aspects of cyberspace, but also the information that flows over it.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document