Medical insurance in Lebanon. (c1995)

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Emile Ghattas
Keyword(s):  
Medical Insurance

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccination Willingness among Chinese Adults under the Free Vaccination Policy

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Rugang Liu ◽  
Yuxun Zhang ◽  
Stephen Nicholas ◽  
Anli Leng ◽  
Elizabeth Maitland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Medical Insurance ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Vaccination Policy ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Ordered Logistic Regression ◽  
Professional Workers ◽  
Target Intervention

(1) Background: China will provide free coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations for the entire population. This study analyzed the COVID-19 vaccination willingness rate (VWR) and its determinants under China’s free vaccination policy compared to a paid vaccine. (2) Methods: Data on 2377 respondents were collected through a nationwide questionnaire survey. Multivariate ordered logistic regression models were specified to explore the correlation between the VWR and its determinants. (3) Results: China’s free vaccination policy for COVID-19 increased the VWR from 73.62% to 82.25% of the respondents. Concerns about the safety and side-effects were the primary reason for participants’ unwillingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Age, medical insurance and vaccine safety were significant determinants of the COVID-19 VWR for both the paid and free vaccine. Income, occupation and vaccine effectiveness were significant determinants of the COVID-19 VWR for the free vaccine. (4) Conclusions: Free vaccinations increased the COVID-19 VWR significantly. People over the age of 58 and without medical insurance should be treated as the target intervention population for improving the COVID-19 VWR. Contrary to previous research, high-income groups and professional workers should be intervention targets to improve the COVID-19 VWR. Strengthening nationwide publicity and education on COVID-19 vaccine safety and effectiveness are recommended policies for decision-makers.

scholarly journals The trend of direct medical costs and associated factors in patients with chronic hepatitis B in Guangzhou, China: an eight-year retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Yang ◽  
Ge Chen ◽  
Yueping Li ◽  
Guanhai Li ◽  
Yingfang Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Medical Insurance ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Direct Medical Costs ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background Although the expenses of liver cirrhosis are covered by a critical illness fund under the current health insurance program in China, the medical costs associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) related diseases is not well addressed. In order to provide evidence to address the problem, we investigated the trend of direct medical costs and associated factors in patients with chronic HBV infection. Methods A retrospective cohort study of 65,175 outpatients and 12,649 inpatients was conducted using a hospital information system database for the period from 2008 to 2015. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were applied to explore associations between annual direct medical costs and corresponding factors, meanwhile quantile regression models were used to evaluate the effect of treatment modes on different quantiles of annual direct medical costs stratified by medical insurances. Results The direct medical costs increased with time, but the proportion of antiviral costs decreased with CHB progression. Antiviral costs accounted 54.61% of total direct medical costs for outpatients, but only 6.17% for inpatients. Non-antiviral medicine costs (46.06%) and lab tests costs (23.63%) accounted for the majority of the cost for inpatients. The direct medical costs were positively associated with CHB progression and hospitalization days in inpatients. The direct medical costs were the highest in outpatients with medical insurance and in inpatients with free medical service, and treatment modes had different effects on the direct medical costs in patients with and without medical insurance. Conclusions CHB patients had a heavy economic burden in Guangzhou, China, which increased over time, which were influenced by payment mode and treatment mode.

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