scholarly journals Nosocomial blood stream infections in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia, Islamic Republic of Iran, 1999-2001

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-484
Author(s):  
M. Rahbar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Stream ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Blood Stream Infections ◽  
Skin Contamination ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Ina 2-year retrospective study, the database of the microbiology laboratory of the Imam Khomeini Hospital was reviewed to identify patients who had nosocomial bacteraemia between 1 May 1999 and 31 May 2001 and identify the pathogen responsible and its resisitance to antibiotics. Of 6492 patients in various wards, 593 [9.1%] had positive blood cultures; 85 of those [14.3%] had signs of potential skin contamination. Gram-positive cocci, including coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and other Gram-positive cocci, accounted for 42.3% of isolates. Gram-negative bacilli were responsible for another 42.3% of isolates; Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the predominant isolate. Patterns of drug resistance varied according to species of bacteria but were generally quite high

scholarly journals Use of thermonuclease testing to identify Staphylococcus aureus by direct examination of blood cultures

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 185-190
Author(s):  
N. M. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Blood cultures submitted to the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Queen Alia Military Hospital, Amman during 1999-2001 were examined to evaluate thermonuclease testing for identifying Staphylococcus aureus in blood culture broths growing gram-positive cocci. Of 170 cultures studied, 129 yielded gram-positive staphylococci and 41 yielded other gram-positive cocci. Toluidine blue-deoxynucleic acid agar plates were used to test for thermonuclease activity. St and ard tube coagulase tests were performed on the isolates. Direct detection of thermonuclease activity in 76 blood culture broths containing gram-positive staphylococci showed 100% correlation with subsequent tube coagulase tests. The thermonuclease test provides a fast, specific and reliable confirmation of S. aureus bacteraemia by direct examination of blood culture broths that contain gram-positive cocci. This allows for timely, optimal antibiotic therapy

scholarly journals Incidence of secondary blood stream infections in Covid 19 (SARS-nCoV II.) patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-131
Author(s):  
Asmabanu Shaikh ◽  
Rachana Patel ◽  
Anant Marathe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Blood Stream Infections ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

The symptomatology and severity of covid-19 ranges widely depending on stage of infection. Most of the patients with mild to moderate disease can be managed without hospitalization. The patients with risk factors are likely to progress to severe disease. Patients developing secondary blood stream infections require longer hospital stay and are likely to develop fatal disease. The antibiotic selection is key to successful treatment of secondary BSI. This is cross-sectional study of 166 COVID 19 patients admitted to ICU of Parul Sevashram Hospital who developed sepsis like syndrome and were subjected to blood culture.Blood cultures were performed of all the patients developing sepsis like syndrome. IDSA guidelines were followed during blood collection for culture. Blood cultures were monitored on automated blood culture system. ID and susceptibility of all the isolates were performed on automated system (VITEK 2).A total of 1915 patients were reported RT-PCR positive for SARS nCoV2 during the period of 1st March2020 to 30 October 2020. 452 patients needed hospitalization based on their Oxygen saturation and co-morbidities. Out of 452, 166 patients developed sepsis like syndrome and were subjected to blood culture. The Blood culture positivity was 37/166 (22.28%). Gram positive bacteria were found in 48.64% while gram negative bacteria were 43.24%. The Enterococcus was the most common Gram positive bacterial isolates in patients. Candida was isolated in 2/37 positive blood cultures. Gram negative bacteria were isolated mostly amongst those patients who were on Ventilator. Most of the Gram positive bacteria were sensitive to Clindamycin, Linezolid, Vancomycin, Daptomycin and Teicoplanin.The incidence rate of BSI was high. Early secondary blood stream infections were mostly endogenous. Enterococcus was the most common amongst Gram positive bacteria. Gram negative secondary bacterial infections were more common with patients on ventilator. The susceptibility pattern would help in decision making of empiric antibiotic therapy. Interestingly as described by some authors earlier the relationship between SARS nCoV 2 and Enterococci needs to be studied further.

scholarly journals PATHOGENS CAUSING BLOOD STREAM INFECTIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1617-1623
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saeed ◽  
Farhan Rasheed ◽  
Fouzia Ashraf ◽  
Shagufta Iram ◽  
Shahida Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Stream Infections ◽  
Gram Negative

Blood stream infections (BSI) remain a major cause of debility and death aroundthe world. BSI accounts for 10-20% of all Nosocomial infections. Empirical antimicrobials arebased on the susceptibility pattern of the pathogens isolated in a specific institute from timeto time. We have conducted this study only on cardiac Patients over two & half years of studyduration. Study design: Cross sectional study. Settings: Microbiology Department, Allama IqbalMedical College/Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Study Period: January 2013 to July 2015. Materials& Methods: A total of 5411 blood culture specimens were collected from cardiac patientsincluding patients admitted to cardiology ward, coronary care unit (CCU), pre-operative andpost-operative cardiac surgery patients. The bottles containing BHI broth were incubated andwere subcultured after 24 hours, 72 hours, 120 hours, and 168 hours on blood and MacConkeyagars. Isolates were further identified with the help of Gram staining, biochemical reactionsand rapid tests like catalase, oxidase, coagulase, Analytical Profile Index (API) 20E and API20NE. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolate was carried out on Mueller-Hinton agar byModified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique according to the isolate as per recommendationsof Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines 2013. Results: Out of total 5411patients, 3958(73.14%) were male, 1453(26.85%) were females. Out of total 5411 Specimens,only 486 (8.98%) were positive for bacterial growth. Out of total 486 positive blood cultures,261 (53.71%) were Gram positive isolates and 225 (46.29%) were Gram negative isolates.Out 486 positive blood cultures, 96 (19.75%) were from cardiology ward, 67 (13.78%) werefrom CCU, 113 (23.25%) were from pre operative cardiac surgery ward, 210 (43.20%) werefrom post operative cardiac surgery ward. Among Gram positives, Staphylococcus Specieswere most common organism isolated from 246 (50.61%) blood culture specimens. AmongGram negatives, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E.coli were predominant organisms, isolatedfrom 81(16.66%) and 72(14.81%) blood culture specimens respectively. Conclusion: GramPositive isolates were more common as compared to Gram negative isolates. Vancomycin andLinezolid were the most effective drugs among Gram positive isolates. Piperacillin-Tazobactamwas most potent antimicrobial against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For coli forms Tigecyclinewas most effective drug.

scholarly journals Prevalence of infective endocarditis in patients with positive blood cultures: a Danish nationwide study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (39) ◽  
pp. 3237-3244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauge Østergaard ◽  
Niels Eske Bruun ◽  
Marianne Voldstedlund ◽  
Magnus Arpi ◽  
Christian Østergaard Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Blood Stream Infections ◽  
Nationwide Study ◽  
Male Patients

Abstract Aims Increasing attention has been given to the risk of infective endocarditis (IE) in patients with certain blood stream infections (BSIs). Previous studies have been conducted on selected patient cohorts, yet unselected data are sparse. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of IE in BSIs with bacteria typically associated with IE. Methods and results By crosslinking nationwide registries from 2010 to 2017, we identified patients with BSIs typically associated with IE: Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Streptococcus spp., and coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) and examined the concurrent IE prevalence. A trend test was used to examine temporal changes in the prevalence of IE. In total 69 021, distributed with 15 350, 16 726, 19 251, and 17 694 BSIs were identified in the periods of 2010–2011, 2012–2013, 2014–2015, and 2016–2017, respectively. Patients with E. faecalis had the highest prevalence of IE (16.7%) followed by S. aureus (10.1%), Streptococcus spp. (7.3%), and CoNS (1.6%). Throughout the study period, the prevalence of IE among patients with E. faecalis and Streptococcus spp. increased significantly (P = 0.0005 and P = 0.03, respectively). Male patients had a higher prevalence of IE for E. faecalis, Streptococcus spp., and CoNS compared with females. A significant increase in the prevalence of IE was seen for E. faecalis, Streptococcus spp., and CoNS with increasing age. Conclusion For E. faecalis BSI, 1 in 6 had IE, for S. aureus BSI 1 in 10 had IE, and for Streptococcus spp. 1 in 14 had IE. Our results suggest that screening for IE seems reasonable in patients with E. faecalis BSI, S. aureus BSI, or Streptococcus spp. BSI.

scholarly journals Central Venous Catheter Tip Culture and Sensitivity Pattern from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Jammu Region, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
P. Sharma Perika ◽  
S. Sudan N. Rajput ◽  
S. Gupta Y. Bhandari ◽  
R. Tomar
Keyword(s):  
Central Venous Catheter ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Blood Stream Infections ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Catheter Tip ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

The use of Central Venous Catheters (CVC) in critically ill patients often leads to Catheter Related Blood Stream Infections (CRBSI). Blood stream infections which are associated with catheter is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Aim of the study is to find the type of organisms isolated from Central venous catheter tip and to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. A total of 100 samples were received in our laboratory over a period of one year. Samples were processed; organisms were isolated and subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity according to standard laboratory procedures. AST interpretation was done according to latest CLSI Guidelines. Of the 100 samples received in our laboratory, 11(11%) showed no growth or insignificant growth. 64% of the total samples were Gram Negative Bacilli and 23% were Gram Positive Cocci, 2% were Candida albicans. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common organisms isolated among gram negative bacilli and gram positive cocci respectively. Sensitive drugs in case of gram positive cocci were vancomycin and linezolid and in case of gram negative bacilli were Colistin and polymyxin B.

scholarly journals 1224. In vitro Activities of Ceftaroline and Comparator Agents against Gram-positive Bacterial Pathogens Causing Blood Stream Infections in a Global Population: ATLAS Surveillance Program 2012-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S701-S702
Author(s):  
Meredith Hackel ◽  
Gregory Stone ◽  
Daniel F Sahm
Keyword(s):  
Blood Stream ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Independent Contractor ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Blood Stream Infections ◽  
Ceftaroline Fosamil

Abstract Background Typical gram-positive organisms causing bloodstream infections (BSI) include Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible [MSSA] and -nonsusceptible [MRSA]), coagulase negative staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae and beta hemolytic streptococci. The parenteral cephem ceftaroline fosamil is approved for treatment of patients with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae (including cases with concurrent bacteremia), MSSA, Haemophilus influenzae, and some species of Enterobacterales. Limited data have been published on the in vitro activity of ceftaroline against recent gram-positive clinical isolates known to be frequent bacterial causes of blood stream infections. Methods Standard CLSI broth microdilution MIC determinations (M07) were performed with ceftaroline and comparator agents. MICs were interpreted using 2021 CLSI MIC breakpoints. Clinically relevant, non-duplicate, isolates cultured from blood by clinical laboratories in 2012-2019 were tested by the ATLAS (Antimicrobial Testing Leadership and Surveillance) program central laboratory (IHMA, Inc., Schaumburg, IL, USA). In total, 21,967 non-duplicate isolates of S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. pneumoniae and beta hemolytic streptococci from BSI collected between 2012 and 2019 were tested. Isolates came from (n/%): Asia/South Pacific (2,970/13.5%), Europe (13,691/62.3%), Latin America (2,824/12.9%), MidEast/Africa (1,498/6.8%), and North America (Canada only) (984/4.5%). Results Ceftaroline and comparator agent activities are summarized in the following table. Results Table Conclusion Greater than 99% of S. pneumoniae, beta-hemolytic streptococci and MSSA isolates included in a 2012-2019 collection of gram-positive blood stream pathogens were susceptible to ceftaroline. 90.8% of MRSA were susceptible, and 9.1% isolates categorized as susceptible-dose dependent (MIC, 2-4 µg/mL); four isolates (two from Thailand and one each from China and S. Korea) were resistant to ceftaroline (MIC >4 µg/mL). The ceftaroline MIC90 for S. epidermidis was 0.5 µg/mL, with 97.7% of MICs ≤1 µg/mL. Ceftaroline continues to demonstrate potent in vitro activity against clinically relevant pathogens associated with BSI. Disclosures Meredith Hackel, PhD MPH, IHMA (Employee)Pfizer, Inc. (Independent Contractor) Gregory Stone, PhD, AztraZeneca (Shareholder, Former Employee)Pfizer, Inc. (Employee) Daniel F. Sahm, PhD, IHMA (Employee)Pfizer, Inc. (Independent Contractor)

scholarly journals 1566. In vitro Activities of Ceftaroline and Comparator Agents against Gram-positive Bacterial Pathogens Causing Blood Stream Infections in a Global Population: ATLAS Surveillance Program 2012-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S782-S783
Author(s):  
Meredith Hackel ◽  
Greg Stone ◽  
Daniel F Sahm
Keyword(s):  
Blood Stream ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Independent Contractor ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Blood Stream Infections ◽  
Ceftaroline Fosamil

Abstract Background Typical gram-positive organisms causing bloodstream infections (BSI) include Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible [MSSA] and -nonsusceptible [MRSA]), coagulase negative staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae and beta hemolytic streptococci. The parenteral cephem ceftaroline fosamil is approved for treatment of patients with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae (including cases with concurrent bacteremia), MSSA, Haemophilus influenzae, and some species of Enterobacterales. Limited data have been published on the in vitro activity of ceftaroline against recent gram-positive clinical isolates known to be frequent bacterial causes of blood stream infections. Methods Standard CLSI broth microdilution MIC determinations (M07) were performed with ceftaroline and comparator agents. MICs were interpreted using 2020 CLSI MIC breakpoints. Clinically relevant, non-duplicate, isolates cultured from blood by clinical laboratories in 2012-2018 were tested by the ATLAS (Antimicrobial Testing Leadership and Surveillance) program central laboratory (IHMA, Inc., Schaumburg, IL, USA). In total, 10,998 non-duplicate isolates of S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. pneumoniae and beta hemolytic streptococci from BSI collected between 2012 and 2018 were tested. Isolates came from (n/%): Asia/South Pacific (1,739/15.8%), Europe (5,448/49.5%), Latin America (1,805/16.4%), MidEast/Africa (861/7.8%), and North America (1,145/10.4%). Results Ceftaroline and comparator agent activities are summarized in the following table. Table Conclusion Greater than 98% of S. pneumoniae, S. epidermidis, beta-hemolytic streptococci and MSSA isolates included in a 2012-2018 collection of gram-positive blood stream pathogens were susceptible to ceftaroline. 91.4% of MRSA were susceptible, and 8.6% isolates categorized as susceptible-dose dependent (MIC, 2-4 ug/mL); two isolates (one each from Thailand and S. Korea) were resistant to ceftaroline (MIC >4 ug/mL). Ceftaroline continues to demonstrate potent in vitro activity against clinically relevant pathogens associated with BSI. Disclosures Greg Stone, PhD, AztraZeneca (Shareholder, Former Employee)Pfizer, Inc. (Employee) Daniel F. Sahm, PhD, IHMA (Employee)Pfizer, Inc. (Consultant)Shionogi & Co., Ltd. (Independent Contractor)

P3665Prevalence of infective endocarditis in patients with positive blood cultures: a Danish nationwide study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Ostergaard ◽  
N E Bruun ◽  
M Voldstedlund ◽  
H C Schonheyder ◽  
F Rosenvinge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Blood Stream Infections ◽  
Nationwide Study ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
Male Patients

Abstract Background Increasing attention has been given to the risk of infective endocarditis (IE) in patients with certain blood stream infections (BSI). Previous studies have been conducted on selected patient cohorts, yet unselected data are sparse. Purpose To investigate the nationwide prevalence of diagnosed IE in BSIs with bacteria typically associated with IE. Methods By crosslinking nationwide registries from 2010–2016, we identified patients with BSIs typically associated with IE: Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus spp., and coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) and examined the concurrent IE prevalence. A trend test was used to examine temporal changes in the prevalence of IE. Results In total 60,119 BSIs, distributed with 15,407, 16,790, and 27,922 BSIs were identified in the periods of 2010–2011, 2012–2013, and 2014–2016, respectively. Patients with E. Faecalis had the highest prevalence of diagnosed IE (16.3%) followed by S. aureus (10.2%), Streptococcus spp. (7.3%), and CoNS (1.6%) (Figure). During the study period, the prevalence of IE among patients with E. faecalis increased significantly (p=0.003), Male patients had higher prevalence of IE for all microorganisms investigated compared with females. A significant increase in the prevalence of IE was seen for E. faecalis, Streptococcus spp., and CoNS with increasing age. Percent with endocarditis Conclusion For E. faecalis BSI, 1 in 6 had IE, for S. aureus BSI 1 in 10 had IE, and for Streptococcus spp. 1 in 14 had IE. Our results support screening for IE in patients with E. faecalis, S. aureus, or Streptococcus spp. BSI in order to offer appropriate therapy.

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