scholarly journals Study of mortality risk factors for children under age 5 in Abu Dhabi

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-343
Author(s):  
H. A. Al Hosani ◽  
J. Brebner ◽  
A. B. Bener ◽  
J. N. Norman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Fetal Death ◽  
Child Death ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Economic Risk ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
History Of

We investigated the association of biological, sociocultural and economic risk factors with child mortality in Abu Dhabi from 1 January-31 December 1997. With McNemar chi-squared test, most selected biological risk factors were statistically associated with child mortality, although maternal age older than 40 years and history of fetal death were not positively correlated with neonate, infant or age under 5 mortality. Among sociocultural and economic risk factors, maternal lack of formal education and low monthly income were significantly associated with child death. Consanguinity was significantly associated with under 5 and infant but not neonatal mortality. Gestation <37 weeks was highly associated with mortality among all ages. Strengthening health care programmes and emphasizing the need to identify high risk groups should be priorities

scholarly journals A pregnancy with GDM, hypothyroidism, polyhydrramnios with history of treatment for subfertility

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 2034
Author(s):  
Soumya Mukherjee ◽  
Sukanta Sen ◽  
Sukanta Misra
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Neuropsychological Development ◽  
Thyroid Screening ◽  
Thyroid Function Testing ◽  
Fetal Complications ◽  
History Of ◽  
Function Testing

Gestational diabetes (GDM) is defined as carbohydrate intolerance that begins or is first recognized during pregnancy. Although it is a well-known cause of pregnancy complications, its epidemiology has not been studied systematically. There are several identifiable predisposing factors for GDM, and in the absence of risk factors, the incidence of GDM is low. Low thyroid hormone levels in early pregnancy are a risk factor for GDM incidence. Although gestational hyperthyroidism is uncommon (0.2%), hypothyroidism (autoimmune disease or suboptimal iodine intake) occurs in 2.5% of women and is predictive of reduced neonatal and child neuropsychological development and maternal obstetric complications.  It is well documented that thyroid disorders are associated with maternal and fetal complications during gestation and sequelea after delivery. The case-finding strategy does not solve the serious problem of leaving undiagnosed and untreated patients without risk factors. In the absence of strong evidence that support universal thyroid screening in pregnancy, current guidelines suggest a case-finding approach targeting thyroid function testing in high-risk groups. A couple have history of sub-fertility. Patient conceived following treatment. During pregnancy, GDM developed and later half of pregnancy was complicated by polyhydramnios. Baby was delivered by LSCS due to PPROM.

scholarly journals Investigating risk factors that predict a dog’s fear during veterinary visits

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra T. Edwards ◽  
Susan J. Hazel ◽  
Matthew Browne ◽  
James Serpell ◽  
Michelle L. McArthur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Veterinary Clinic ◽  
Companion Dogs ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Breed Group ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

AbstractAttending the veterinary clinic is an integral part of the physical welfare of every companion dog. However, some dogs experience their veterinary visits negatively, which poses a risk of injury to the veterinary staff, their guardian (owner) and themselves during veterinary examinations. It may also influence the regularity of non-urgent veterinary appointments. To date there has been conflicting data on the proportion of dogs that are fearful during their veterinary visits. In this study, we explored the risk factors associated with fear during veterinary examination and in novel situations (including first time at the veterinary clinic) from 26,555 responses in the Canine Behavioral Assessment and Research Questionnaire database. According to their guardians, over half (55%) of companion dogs displayed some form of fearful behaviour (mild-extreme) when examined by a veterinarian, while 14% of dogs exhibited severe or extreme fear. A similar trend was observed with dogs responding fearfully in unfamiliar situations, including the dog’s first time at the veterinary clinic. Chi-squared tests showed every bivariate relationship was significant (p < 0.05). The most important predictors of fear in a veterinary examination were, in order: the dog’s breed group (27.1%), their history of roles or activities (16.7%), where they were sourced (15.2%), their weight (12%), the age of other dogs in the household (9.5%) and dog owner experience (6.3%). However, these risk factors accumulate to explain a total of 7% of variance of fear observed during veterinary examination. Results demonstrate that fear of veterinary visits is common in dogs, but that other factors (including the environment or human-animal interactions) are likely to contribute more to prevalence and severity of this problem than the demographic factors measured here. Finally, we highlight opportunities for future research aimed at facilitating less stressful veterinary visits for dogs and their guardians.

scholarly journals Genetic Risk Score to Identify Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Cardiometabolic Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Marston ◽  
Giorgio E.M. Melloni ◽  
Yared Gurmu ◽  
Marc P. Bonaca ◽  
Frederick K. Kamanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Clinical Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
History Of

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and has a known genetic contribution. We tested the performance of a genetic risk score for its ability to predict VTE in 3 cohorts of patients with cardiometabolic disease. Methods: We included patients from the FOURIER (Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research With PCSK9 Inhibition in Patients With Elevated Risk), PEGASUS-TIMI 54 (Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Prior Heart Attack Using Ticagrelor Compared to Placebo on a Background of Aspirin), and SAVOR-TIMI 53 (Saxagliptin Assessment of Vascular Outcomes Recorded in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus) trials (history of a major atherosclerotic cardiovascular event, myocardial infarction, and diabetes, respectively) who consented for genetic testing and were not on baseline anticoagulation. We calculated a VTE genetic risk score based on 297 single nucleotide polymorphisms with established genome-wide significance. Patients were divided into tertiles of genetic risk. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios for VTE across genetic risk groups. The polygenic risk score was compared with available clinical risk factors (age, obesity, smoking, history of heart failure, and diabetes) and common monogenic mutations. Results: A total of 29 663 patients were included in the analysis with a median follow-up of 2.4 years, of whom 174 had a VTE event. There was a significantly increased gradient of risk across VTE genetic risk tertiles ( P -trend <0.0001). After adjustment for clinical risk factors, patients in the intermediate and high genetic risk groups had a 1.88-fold (95% CI, 1.23–2.89; P =0.004) and 2.70-fold (95% CI, 1.81–4.06; P <0.0001) higher risk of VTE compared with patients with low genetic risk. In a continuous model adjusted for clinical risk factors, each standard deviation increase in the genetic risk score was associated with a 47% (95% CI, 29–68) increased risk of VTE ( P <0.0001). Conclusions: In a broad spectrum of patients with cardiometabolic disease, a polygenic risk score is a strong, independent predictor of VTE after accounting for available clinical risk factors, identifying 1/3 of patients who have a risk of VTE comparable to that seen with established monogenic thrombophilia.

scholarly journals Metabolic Syndrome Knowledge among Adults with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qun Wang ◽  
Sek Ying Chair ◽  
Eliza Mi-Ling Wong ◽  
Ruth E. Taylor-Piliae ◽  
Xi Chen Hui Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lipid Management ◽  
History Of

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors. Many people may be unaware of their risk for MetS. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted among hospitalized patients with at least one cardiometabolic risk factor in Mainland China. This study assessed the MetS knowledgelevel(through MetS Knowledge Scale, MSKS) and examined the potential predictors by regression analysis. A total of 204 patients aged 58.5 ± 10.1 years (55% males) participated in this study. The majority of participants had no history of hypertension (54%), dyslipidemia (79%), or diabetes (85%). However, 56% of these participants had at least three cardiometabolic risk factors, indicating the presence of MetS. The average MSKS was very low (mean = 36.7±18.8, possible range = 0–100), indicating the urgent needs of MetS education in current practice. Predictors of better MetS knowledge included higher educational level, history of dyslipidemia, and normal high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (F (8, 195) = 9.39, adjusted R2 = 0.192, p< 0.001). In conclusion, adults with cardiometabolic risk factors are at risk of developing MetS, but with a low level of knowledge. Specific health education on MetS should be provided, particularly for those with limited formal education or inadequate lipid management.

scholarly journals Nationwide analysis of treatment outcomes in children and adolescents routinely treated for tuberculosis in the Netherlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1901402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fajri Gafar ◽  
Natasha van't Boveneind-Vrubleuskaya ◽  
Onno W. Akkerman ◽  
Bob Wilffert ◽  
Jan-Willem C. Alffenaar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Treatment Interruption ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
History Of

BackgroundAs a vulnerable population, children and adolescents with tuberculosis (TB) are faced with many challenges, even those who live in low TB incidence countries. We aimed to evaluate factors associated with TB treatment outcomes allowing more focused interventions to support this population once diagnosed.MethodsA retrospective cohort study using a nationwide surveillance database was performed in children and adolescents (aged 0–18 years) treated for TB in the Netherlands from 1993 to 2018. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for associated factors of mortality and loss to follow-up (LTFU).ResultsAmong 3253 eligible patients with known outcomes, 94.4% (95.9% children and 92.8% adolescents) were cured or completed treatment, 0.7% died during treatment and 4.9% were LTFU. There were no reported treatment failures. Risk factors of death included children aged 2–4 years (aOR 10.42), central nervous system TB (aOR 5.14), miliary TB (aOR 10.25), HIV co-infection (aOR 8.60), re-treated TB cases (aOR 10.12) and drug-induced liver injury (aOR 6.50). Active case-finding was a protective factor of death (aOR 0.13). Risk factors of LTFU were adolescents aged 15–18 years (aOR 1.91), illegal immigrants (aOR 4.28), urban domicile (aOR 1.59), unknown history of TB contact (aOR 1.99), drug-resistant TB (aOR 2.31), single adverse drug reaction (aOR 2.12), multiple adverse drug reactions (aOR 7.84) and treatment interruption >14 days (aOR 6.93). Treatment in recent years (aOR 0.94) and supervision by public health nurses (aOR 0.14) were protective factors of LTFU.ConclusionHighly successful treatment outcomes were demonstrated in children and adolescents routinely treated for TB. Special attention should be given to specific risk groups to improve treatment outcomes.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Behavioral Risk Factors in People with HIV/AIDS and Its Effect on Adherence to Treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moslem Soofi ◽  
atefeh moradi ◽  
Ebrahim Shakiba ◽  
Mehdi Moradinazar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Adherence To Medication ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Behavioral risk factors, in addition to increasing the risk of HIV/AIDS transmission, can affect the antiretroviral therapy (ART) pattern of people with the condition. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of behavioral risk factors and its effect on adherence to antiretroviral drugs (ARV) treatment in patients with HIV/AIDS in western Iran.Methods: This study was performed on all patients who were diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in Kermanshah province during the years 1995-2019 (25 years). Adherence to treatment in these patients was divided into three categories according to the WHO definition: Non-adherence, cessation and adherence to treatment. Using single-variable and multi-variable logistic regression, the effect of important variables in four models was modified and the effect of each of the behavioral risk factors was studied in patients who had non-adherence or experienced cessation compared to those who adhered to ARV.Results: Of the 2,867 patients with HIV/AIDS, 2,449 (85.42%) were men. The mean age of HIV infection was 33.36 ± 11.8 years. In 1995, less than 10 percent of people received treatment, which is 2019 it reached to more than 67 percent. All behavioral risk factors increased the non-adherence to medication and cessation of ARV. In general, after controlling confounding variables except needle sharing, all behavioral variables affected ARV treatment; The greatest impact on non-adherence to medication was History of drug abuse, History of the prison, History of injection drug use and Sex with non-spouse with a chance of 10.87 (7.21-16.39), 3.94 (2.84-5.46), 3.86 (2.47-6.03) and 3.38(2.19-5.23) times more than patients without these risk factors, respectively.Conclusion: Although the process of receiving treatment has been increasing since 2005, the non-adherence to medication is still high in high-risk groups, so it is important to focus more on reducing non-adherence and eventually cessation of treatment. In particular, more focus is necessary for health education and raising the level of awareness of these groups.

Outcome and Risk Factors for Therapy-Related Myeloid Neoplasms Treated with Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 4371-4371
Author(s):  
Michiko Kida ◽  
Kensuke Usuki ◽  
Naoyuki Uchida ◽  
Takahiro Fukuda ◽  
Koji Iwato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
Myeloid Neoplasms ◽  
Patient Âgé ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN) have a poor prognosis with conventional chemotherapy and a median survival of ≤1 year. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HCT) is considered the only effective treatment. EBMT and CIBMTR analyzed their registry data on HCT against t-MN and reported its outcome and developed scoring systems using identified risk factors in HCT. This study aimed to investigate outcome and risk factors in adult patients with t-MN who underwent HCT in Japan. Methods Data source For this retrospective observational study, recipients' clinical data were provided by the Transplant Registry Unified Management Program of Japan society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Definition Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms include therapy-related AML (t-AML), t-MDS, and t-MDS/MPN occurring as late complications of cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy administered for a prior neoplastic or non-neoplastic disorder. Cases with past history of MDS or MPN were excluded because it was not possible to clearly distinguish their neoplasms from an original myeloid neoplasm or therapy-related neoplasm. The primary outcome of the analysis was overall survival (OS), whereas the secondary endpoints included incidence of relapse and transplantation-related mortality (TRM). Cytogenetic risk groups in AML were classified according to the MRC (2010). In MDS, three risk groups were defined using the revised International Scoring System: favorable (very good and good), intermediate (intermediate), poor (poor and very poor). HLA mismatch was defined as incompatibility between the recipient and donor when at least a single allele mismatch was detected at HLA-A, -B, and -DR in related and unrelated donors. In cord blood, HLA mismatch was defined as at least two antigen mismatches detected at HLA-A, -B, and -DR. Statistical analysis OS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and was compared using the log-rank test. Cox's proportional-hazards regression model was used for multivariate analysis of prognostic factors. Cumulative incidence curves were used in a competing-risk setting to calculate the probability of relapse and TRM. Relapse and therapy-related deaths were considered a competing risk event for each other and were compared using Gray's test. Results Between 1992 and 2012, 641 adult patients who had undergone HCTs for confirmed t-MN (not de novo myeloid neoplasms) were identified. Median age at HCT was 53 (range; 16-80) years, with a female proportion of 49%. In total, 414 (64.6%) patients had AML, 215 (33.5%) had MDS, and 12 (1.9%) had MPN. Approximately 50% of patients had a prior history of lymphoma, 14.6% had acute leukemia, and 13.3% had breast cancer. Karyotype was available in 310 cases. Favorable karyotypes were detected in 11 (3.5%) cases, whereas intermediate and poor karyotypes were detected in 122 (39.4%) and in 177 (57.1%) cases, respectively. HLA mismatched HCT was 25.7%. Bone marrow or peripheral HCT from related donors was used in 189 (28.7%) cases, whereas bone marrow HCT from unrelated donor was used in 228 (35.7%) cases, and cord blood HCT was used in 229 (35.6%) cases. Approximately 30% of patients were in remission at HCT. Overall survival was 45.3% [95% confident interval (CI) 45-48], 33% (CI 29-37), and 28% (CI 24-32) at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the significant factors for poor survival were ECOG Performance Status (PS) 2-4 (HR 1.99; CI 1.45-2.72), disease status of non-remission at the time of HCT (HR 1.82; CI 1.33-2.50), patient age of >55 years (HR 1.72; CI 1.32-2.24), and poor karyotype (HR 1.54; CI 1.15-2.05). The cumulative incidence of non-relapse mortality and relapse at 3 years was 37% and 36%, respectively. In a multivariate analysis, the significant factor for non-relapse mortality was patient age of >55 years (HR 1.48; CI 1.09-2.02). For relapse, poor karyotype (HR 2.29; CI 1.65-3.18) was a significant factor. Conclusions PS 2-4, non-remission, higher patient age, and poor cytogenetics were predictive of poor survival. The outcome of HCT against therapy-related myeloid neoplasms in Japan was comparable to those of EBMT and CIBMTR. Disclosures Usuki: Novartis: Other: personal fees, Research Funding; GlaxoSmithKline: Other: personal fees, Research Funding; Taiho Pharmaceutical: Other: personal fees, Research Funding; Fuji Film RI Pharma: Other: personal fees; Chugai Pharmaceutical: Other: personal fees; Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma: Other: personal fees, Research Funding; Celgene: Other: personal fees, Research Funding; Boehringer Ingelheim: Other: personal fees, Research Funding; Nippon Shinyaku: Other: personal fees, Research Funding; Shionogi: Other: personal fees; Sanofi: Other: personal fees, Research Funding; MSD: Other: personal fees, Research Funding; SymBio Pharmaceutical: Other: personal fees, Research Funding; Eisai: Research Funding; Otsuka Pharmaceutical: Research Funding; Kyowa Hakko Kirin: Other: personal fees, Research Funding; Shire: Research Funding; Takeda Pharmaceutical: Research Funding; Fujimoto Pharmaceutical: Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Other; Astellas: Research Funding. Miyazaki:Chugai: Honoraria, Research Funding; Sumitomo Dainippon: Honoraria; Celgene Japan: Honoraria; Kyowa-Kirin: Honoraria, Research Funding; Shin-bio: Honoraria.

scholarly journals Epidemiological determinants and clinical profile of eclampsia: a case control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1531
Author(s):  
Ritam De ◽  
Amit Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Daily Monitoring ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
Fetal Complications ◽  
Personal Histories ◽  
History Of

Background: The incidence of eclampsia has reduced considerably in the developing countries due to good antenatal care and increased awareness within the population. To determine the magnitude of the problem, to assess trends and to identify risk factors and risk groups, it is worthwhile to periodically review this problem.Methods: A study using one control for each case of eclampsia was conducted among women who were admitted at Burdwan Medical College and Hospital between July 2014 and June 2015. Cases were women with a confirmed diagnosis of eclampsia. Eclampsia cases were identified by daily monitoring of all new admissions to Eclampsia ward of Burdwan Medical College and hospital. After strict exclusion criteria, a total of 500 eclampsia cases were studied along with same number of controls for identifying the epidemiological determinants.Results: Maternal age at extremes (<20 and >30 years) was identified as a risk factor of eclampsia. Nulliparity has been identified as a risk factor for eclampsia in present study. About 74.6% mothers were nulliparous. Most of the patients 66.6% were admitted during the antenatal period i.e. presented with antenatal eclampsia. 62.2% of them were at between 34-37weeks of gestational age during admission.Conclusions: Authors observed increased eclampsia risk among women with a prior history of pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders. Positive personal histories of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and family history of hypertensive disorders are well known risk factors of eclampsia. Our findings point to public health and clinical measures that may be taken to potentially attenuate the incidence of eclampsia and mitigate associated maternal-fetal complications resulting from the disorder.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic and clinical pattern of patients attending a neuropsychiatric hospital in Nigeria: A five-year retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shehu Sale
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Clinical Pattern ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Psychiatric disorders contribute significantly to disability worldwide. The various risk factors associated with their prevalence and outcomes are also influenced by the region individuals live in. This study was carried out to assess the sociodemographic and clinical pattern of patients attending a neuropsychiatric hospital. It was a retrospective descriptive study of patients managed for psychiatric disorders at the hospital. Medical case notes of 246 patients were selected by simple random sampling. A sociodemographic and clinical variables questionnaire was designed to collate the data. The mean age of patients was 29.1 years and consisted mostly of young adults. There was approximately an equal number of patients of both genders. Approximately 66.3% of the patients were married, and 98.4% had no formal education. More than half were unemployed and a great number (37.4%) was being managed for epilepsy. The report of a family history of mental illness was relatively low compared to other studies. The sociodemographic and clinical pattern of mental disorders are embedded in the regional and cultural settings patients find themselves and this may lead to unique or differing risk factors across study settings.

scholarly journals Frequentist and Bayesian Regression Approaches for Determining Risk Factors of Child Mortality in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Abdul-Karim Iddrisu ◽  
Kassim Tawiah ◽  
Francis Kwame Bukari ◽  
Williams Kumi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Bayesian Regression ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The United Nations

Background. Child mortality is a global health problem. The United Nations’ 2018 report on levels and trends on child mortality indicated that under-five mortality is one of the major public health problems in Ghana with a rate of 60 deaths per 1000 live births. To further mitigate this problem, it is important to identify the drivers of under-five mortality in order to achieve the United Nations SDG Goal 3 target 2. Methods. In this study, we investigated the effects of some selected risk factors on child mortality using data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic Health Survey. We modelled the relationship between child mortality and the risk factors using a logistic regression model under the frequentist and Bayesian frameworks. We used the Metropolis-Hastings Algorithm to simulate parameter estimates from the posterior distributions, and statistical analyses were carried out using STATA version 14.1. Results. Results from the frequentist framework are in line with those from the Bayesian framework. The results showed an increased risk of death among children who were delivered through caesarean and reduced relative odds of death among children whose sizes are average or large at birth and whose mothers have formal education. Conclusions. There is a need for improved health facilities for better health-care for mothers and children. Education should, among other things, emphasise on the need for mothers to go for regular check-ups during antinatal and postnatal periods for improved mother and child health.

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