scholarly journals Major congenital anomalies at birth in Benghazi, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, 1995

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-75
Author(s):  
R. Singh ◽  
O. Al Sudani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Perinatal Death ◽  
Multiple Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Low Birth Weight Babies ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Over 40 Years

A study was conducted to investigate the magnitude, nature and associated risk factors of major congenital anomalies [MCAs]at birth in Benghazi, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya in 1995. The incidence of MCAs was 7.4 per 1000 live births and 9.3 per 1000 total births. The rate was higher in summer, in babies born to mothers over 40 years and low-birth-weight babies or those born preterm or post-term. In 56.1% of cases there were multiple congenital anomalies and > two-thirds of the major congenital anomalies were chromosomal, musculoskeletal or of the central nervous system. The incidence of perinatal death in births with MCAs was 49.1% compared with 2.7% for all births

scholarly journals Pattern of congenital anomalies in newborn: a hospital-based study

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. El Koumi ◽  
Ehab A. Al Banna ◽  
Ibrahim Lebda
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
Childhood Morbidity ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
One Year ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Birth defects, encountered frequently by pediatricians, are important causes of childhood morbidity and mortality. Birth defects can be classified according to their severity, pathogenic mechanism, or whether they are involving a single system or multiple systems. This hospital-based prospective descriptive study highlights the prevalence of Congenital Anomalies (CAs) in one year among live born neonates delivered in Zagazig University Hospital (Egypt). All women giving birth to viable babies were included. Demographic details, associated risk factors and the type of CAs in all babies were recorded. Diagnosis of CAs was based on clinical evaluation, radiographic examination, ultrasonography, echocardiography and chromosomal analysis of the newborn whenever recommended. The overall incidence of CAs among live born neonates was 2.5%, as most of the cases were referred to Zagazig University Hospital (Egypt) for delivery. The musculoskeletal system (23%) was the most commonly involved followed by the central nervous system (20.3%). Involvement of more than one system was observed in (28.6%) cases. Among maternal and fetal risk factors; parental consanguinity, maternal under nutrition and obesity, positive history of an anomaly in the family, low birth weight, and prematurity were significantly associated with higher frequency of CAs (P<0.05), with non-significant differences for maternal age and the sex of the neonates. The current study highlights the prevalence of congenital anomalies in one year in Zagazig University Hospital. It revealed a high prevalence of congenital anomalies in our locality and stressed the importance of carrying out a thorough clinical examination of all neonates at birth.

Epidemiology of congenital malformations of the central nervous system in (a) Aberdeen and (b) Scotland

1974 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dugald Baird
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Perinatal Death ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Stillbirth Rate ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Perinatal Death Rate ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cns Malformations

SummaryThe incidence of anencephalus and other malformations of the central nervous system (CNS) is much higher in the United Kingdom than in other countries of Western Europe which were not industrialized to the same extent. In the UK the incidence is highest in the unskilled manual occupational group, especially in the large cities of the North of England, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Standards of living have been low in these areas for many years and deteriorated sharply at the time of the worldwide industrial depression from 1928 to 1934. The population tended to be stunted in stature and to show other signs of chronic malnutrition.The cohort of women born in these years had an unusually high stillbirth rate from anencephalus (and from all other CNS malformations) from about 1946 onwards. It was highest in the early 1960s when these women were at the peak of their reproductive activity. This suggests that the severe malnutrition to which they were subjected before and soon after birth resulted in severe damage, which reduced their reproductive efficiency as demonstrated by the unusually high perinatal death rate from all CNS malformations. Not surprisingly the death rate rose sooner, lasted longer and reached a higher level in social classes IV and V than in social classes I and II. Other evidence of damage was an increase in the incidence of low birth weight babies with a corresponding increase in the perinatal death rate from this cause.In Scotland the stillbirth rate from anencephalus was approximately 2·1 per 1000 in 1948–49, 3·4 at its highest point between 1961 and 1963 and 2·1 in 1968, by which time the women born in the years of the depression had completed their childbearing. A teratogen acting during a particular period of time could not provide a satisfactory explanation for this sequence of events.

Extracardiac malformations in asplenia syndrome

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Webber ◽  
Glenn P. Taylor ◽  
Kim Colwell ◽  
George G.S. Sandor ◽  
Michael W.H. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Anomaly ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Neonatal Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Severely Handicapped ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Minor Anomalies ◽  
Asplenia Syndrome ◽  
Early Neonatal Deaths

SummaryThe incidence and spectrum of extracardiac malformations in congenital asplenia syndrome were determined by review of43 cases (40 live-births) identified in the province of British Columbia over a 21 year period. Major extracardiac anomalies (excluding those of abnormal arrangement of the organs) were identified in nine cases (21%), and minor anomalies were present in an additional twelve infants (28%). Extracardiac anomalies were associated with one spontaneous stillbirth, one termination of pregnancy, and two early neonatal deaths. In an additional four newborns, they contributed to a decision not to palliate the complex cardiac anomalies. Gastrointestinal malformations led to neonatal intestinal obstruction in four infants. Of the 14 surviving children, one is severely handicapped due to a congenital anomaly of the central nervous system. The clinical significance of extracardiac malformations and their developmental implications are discussed.

Audiological chronological findings in children with congenital anomalies of the central nervous system

2009 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1105-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kae Kitagawa ◽  
Hiroaki Mitsuzawa ◽  
Tomoko Shintani ◽  
Mitsuru Go ◽  
Tetsuo Himi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Telma Santos ◽  
Joaquim Pinheiro ◽  
Pedro Barros ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter Disease ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ms Imaging ◽  
Demyelinating Disorder ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The 19Th Century

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Although MS has been known since the 19th century, cognitive impairment (CI) was only recognised as an important feature of MS over the past 30 years. The reason is that, until recently, MS was perceived exclusively as a white matter disease, and cognition was thought to depend solely on the cortex. This article aims to review the prevalence, risk factors, profile and diagnosis of CI in MS. Imaging correlates and treatment will also be briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Congenital anomalies of the central nervous system: prevalence in a fetal medicine service in the Brazilian Midwest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Leão de Moraes ◽  
Fernanda Sardinha de Abreu Tacon ◽  
Andréa de Faria Rezende Matos ◽  
Natália Cruz e Melo ◽  
Michelle Hermínia Mesquita de Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Fetal Medicine ◽  
Medicine Service ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Cns Anomalies

Introduction: Approximately 21% of congenital anomalies (CA) involve the Central Nervous System (CNS), constituting one of the most common birth defects, affecting 1 to 10: 1,000 of live births. Objective: To analyze the prevalence of CNS anomalies diagnosed by obstetric ultrasound. Methods: Prospective longitudinal cohort study carried out in a public fetal medicine service in Goiânia with pregnant women who were attended in high-risk prenatal care. The patients were followed up during the ultrasound exams from March 2018 to March 2019. Results: 225 cases of pregnant women with ultrasound diagnoses of CA were surveyed during the investigated period. CNS anomalies were the most prevalent, being present in 34.22% (77/225) of the cases. The mean maternal age of pregnant women was 25.55 years and mean gestational age was 28.84 weeks. Hydrocephalus was identified in 23 pregnant women (29.87%), being the most prevalent CNS anomalie. Anencephaly was present in 24.68% (19/77) and holoprosencephaly in 18.18% (14/77). Other CA were also diagnosed (21/77), such as meningocele, spina bifida, acrania, among others. However, they showed a lower prevalence in relation to hydrocephalus, anencephaly and holoprosencephaly. Conclusion: The findings are essential for the planning and allocation of hospital resources and investment in health. Besides that, to adequate and specific prenatal care, is indispensable in the search for reducing the incidence of these malformations, morbidity and improving survival rates of the affected population.

Strongyloidiasis

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-122
Author(s):  
Junaid Ahmad Malik
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Global Prevalence ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Small Intestines ◽  
The Right ◽  
Nematode Worm

Strongyloidiasis is a human parasitic ailment brought about by a whiplike nematode worm called Strongyloides stercoralis. Most humans get the infection by coming in contact with contaminated soil whereby the tiny worms penetrate the skin and enter the bloodstream from where it passes through the right side of the heart and lungs to mouth, stomach, and small intestines. Replication inside tainted people enables the disease to persevere for quite a long time. Strongyloides can cause a hyperinfection disorder which causes side effects in numerous organ frameworks, including the central nervous system that can prompt death if untreated. The diagnosis is made by blood and stool tests. This chapter is intended to draw a more precise picture of the global prevalence, diagnosis, and risk factors for S. stercoralis. The chapter also discusses the diagnostic approaches for detecting the infection, the morbidity caused and the recommended management. It further discusses some of the reasons why this infection is so neglected and the consequence of this for the estimated global prevalence.

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