Features of Rats' Skeleton Formation under the Influence of Insulin

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
O.M. Skryabina ◽  
◽  
O. K. Nuzhna ◽  
N. O. Yakovenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeleton Formation

scholarly journals Notchless Is Required for Axial Skeleton Formation in Mice

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e98507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Beck-Cormier ◽  
Marie Escande ◽  
Céline Souilhol ◽  
Sandrine Vandormael-Pournin ◽  
Sophie Sourice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Skeleton Formation

The influence of mineral supplementation on skeleton formation and growth in Lusitano foals

2006 ◽  
Vol 104 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Fradinho ◽  
G. Ferreira-Dias ◽  
L. Mateus ◽  
M.F. Santos-Silva ◽  
R. Agrícola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Supplementation ◽  
Skeleton Formation

Geographic and morphological variation in the presence and absence of the pelvic skeleton in the brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans (Kirtland), in Alberta and Saskatchewan

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph S. Nelson ◽  
F. Mervyn Atton
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Fish Introduction ◽  
Spine Length ◽  
Culaea Inconstans ◽  
Full Development ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Brook Stickleback ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Skeleton Formation

Brook sticklebacks, Culaea inconstans (Kirtland), are known from 20 locations in Alberta and Saskatchewan in which a high proportion of the individuals lack all or part of the pelvic skeleton. These locations are interspersed and surrounded by other locations containing individuals with a normal pelvic skeleton. Individuals which lack the skeleton are of both sexes and are fertile in at least one of the lakes.Considerable variation exists between locations in the proportion of individuals with and without the pelvic skeleton. Morphological intermediates are known from most of the 20 locations and virtually all degrees of pelvic skeleton formation exist between its absence and its full development. Little or no gradation exists, however, in pelvic spine length between their absence and presence. Although the pelvic spines are the first part of the pelvic skeleton to appear during ontogeny, they are present only in intermediates with a virtually complete skeleton base. In addition, many intermediates are highly asymmetrical in their pelvic skeleton while development during the ontogeny of normal individuals is symmetrical.There is a greater tendency for individuals in which the pelvic skeleton is deficient to occur in lakes which lack an outlet rather than to occur in lakes with a permanent outlet. An unusually high proportion of the lakes with these aberrant individuals have been subject to fishery management activities (fish introduction and poisoning), but these disturbances are not causing the loss of the pelvic skeleton.

scholarly journals The Energetic Viability of Δ1-Piperideine Dimerization in Lysine-derived Alkaloid Biosynthesis

Metabolites ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajime Sato ◽  
Masanobu Uchiyama ◽  
Kazuki Saito ◽  
Mami Yamazaki
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional ◽  
Indole Alkaloid ◽  
Alkaloid Biosynthesis ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
The Density Functional Theory ◽  
Reaction Proceeds ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Dimerization Reaction ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Skeleton Formation

Lys-derived alkaloids widely distributed in plant kingdom have received considerable attention and have been intensively studied; however, little is known about their biosynthetic mechanisms. In terms of the skeleton formation, for example, of quinolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis, only the very first two steps have been identified and the later steps remain unknown. In addition, there is no available information on the number of enzymes and reactions required for their skeletal construction. The involvement of the Δ 1 -piperideine dimerization has been proposed for some of the Lys-derived alkaloid biosyntheses, but no enzymes for this dimerization reaction have been reported to date; moreover, it is not clear whether this dimerization reaction proceeds spontaneously or enzymatically. In this study, the energetic viability of the Δ 1 -piperideine dimerizations under neutral and acidic conditions was assessed using the density functional theory computations. In addition, a similar type of reaction in the dipiperidine indole alkaloid, nitramidine, biosynthesis was also investigated. Our findings will be useful to narrow down the candidate genes involved in the Lys-derived alkaloid biosynthesis.

scholarly journals Gene regulation of adult skeletogenesis in starfish and modifications during gene network co-option

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuko Yamazaki ◽  
Shumpei Yamakawa ◽  
Yoshiaki Morino ◽  
Yasunori Sasakura ◽  
Hiroshi Wada
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Regulatory Genes ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Patiria Pectinifera ◽  
Skeleton Formation

AbstractThe larval skeleton of the echinoderm is believed to have been acquired through co-option of a pre-existing gene regulatory network (GRN); that is, the mechanism for adult skeleton formation in the echinoderm was deployed in early embryogenesis during echinoderm diversification. To explore the evolutionary changes that occurred during co-option, we examined the mechanism for adult skeletogenesis using the starfish Patiria pectinifera. Expression patterns of skeletogenesis-related genes (vegf, vegfr, ets1/2, erg, alx1, ca1, and clect) suggest that adult skeletogenic cells develop from the posterior coelom after the start of feeding. Treatment with inhibitors and gene knockout using transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) suggest that the feeding-nutrient sensing pathway activates Vegf signaling via target of rapamycin (TOR) activity, leading to the activation of skeletogenic regulatory genes in starfish. In the larval skeletogenesis of sea urchins, the homeobox gene pmar1 activates skeletogenic regulatory genes, but in starfish, localized expression of the pmar1-related genes phbA and phbB was not detected during the adult skeleton formation stage. Based on these data, we provide a model for the adult skeletogenic GRN in the echinoderm and propose that the upstream regulatory system changed from the feeding-TOR-Vegf pathway to a homeobox gene-system during co-option of the skeletogenic GRN.

SKELETON FORMATION AND POLYMORPHISM OF ANDROGEN RECEPTOR GENE IN TRANSSEXUAL INDIVIDUALS

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Solov’eva ◽  
E.V. Makarova ◽  
V.B. Vil’yanov ◽  
S.A. Kremenitskaya ◽  
S.V. Chausova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Androgen Receptor Gene ◽  
Skeleton Formation
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